1定語從句(The Attributive Clause)仁愛英語九年級下的定語從句講解與練習.doc

定語從句（The Attributive Clause）1， 做題時從從句入手，看從句是否缺少主語、賓語。如果是用關系代詞who/that/which如果不缺少主語、賓語，用關系副詞when/where/why2， When=in/on/at/to/of+whichWhere= in/on/at/to/of+whichWhy=for+which3,whose前后名詞或代詞有從屬關系，即。的4，who/whom/that/which做賓語可省略定語從句的構(gòu)成The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling.The boy who is smiling is Tom. (主語)The boy is Tom. The boy has a round face.The boy who has a round face is TomThe boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.The boy who sits in front of me is Tom. The woman got the job. The woman can speak Russian.The woman who can speak Russian got the job.The teacher will give us a talk. The teacher is famous.The teacher who is famous will give us a talk.The man is kind. Everyone likes him. The man (whom) everyone likes is kind. (賓語)The woman got the job. We saw her on the street.The woman (whom) we saw on the street got the job.The teacher will give us a talk. We met the teacher yesterday. The teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk.The boy is in the lab. You want to talk to him.The boy (whom) you want to talk to is in the lab.This is the boy. I sit behind him.This is the boy (whom) I sit behind.1. who指人,作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略）eg: 1) The man who visited our school yesterday is Mr Brown. 2) The boy who we saw yesterday is Jack. 3) He is the boy who I went to school with. 4) The man who I talked with is our teacher 5) A person who steals things is called a thief.2. whom指人,作賓語 (作賓語可省略)1) The man whom you are going to visit is a famous writer.2) Have you met the person whom he was speaking about? 3) The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li.3. Whose : 指人或物，作定語，表示 的eg: 1) Harry is the boy whose mother is our Maths teacher. 2) I saw some trees whose leaves were black. 3) They helped the man whose car had broken. 4) He lives in the house whose windows open to south. 5) Please pass me the book whose cover is green.4. which 指物，作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略) eg: 1) These are the trees which were planted last year.2) This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan. 3) Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?5. that 指人/物，作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略）eg: 1) A plane is a machine that can fly.2) He is the man (that) I told you about.3) Lets ask the man that is reading the book over there.4) The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Jims sister.5) The cakes (that) I cooked were delicious.考點一：介詞的提前若引導詞作介詞的賓語，介詞可以提前構(gòu)成介詞+引導詞的形式Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrow books?The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li.The man to whom I nodded is Mr. Li.注意這時引導詞指人只能用whom，指物只能用which如果定語從句中的介詞短語是固定搭配，則介詞不能提前eg: 1) He is the man who I am looking for.2) He is the man who I am looking after.3) He is the man who I am looking at.Can you work them out?Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions:1. The sun gives us heat and light, _without_ which we cant live.2. The student _about_ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class.3. Ill never forget the day _on_ which she said good-bye to me.4. Who can give me the reason _for_ which he hasnt turned up yet?Whose : 指人或物，作定語，表示 的eg: 1) Harry is the boy whose mother is our Maths teacher. 2) I saw some trees whose leaves were black. 3) They helped the man whose car had broken. 4) He lives in the house whose windows open to south. 5) Please pass me the book whose cover is green.that和which的區(qū)別以下情況，引導詞用that，不用which。1. 先行詞為不定代詞everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing。e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen.2. 先行詞前有形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞修飾時，用that。e.g. This is the best book (that) Ive ever read.3. 先行詞被the only，the very，the last 修飾時，用that。e.g. He is the only person that I want to see now.4. 當主句以 who 或 which開頭時，定語從句的關系詞用 that, 而不用 which 或 who.Who is the girl that spoke to you just now?Which is the pen that you lost ?5 先行詞同時指人和指物時，用that。e.g. We talked about the things and persons that we saw then.1.This is all_I know about the matter. A.that B.what C.who D.whether2Is there anything else_you want? A.which B.that C.who D.what3.The last place _we visited was the Great Wall. A.which B.that C.where D.it4. Please take the second chair_is over there. A. where B. which C. who D. that5.Is oxygen the only gas_helps fire burn?A.that B./ C.which D.it 6.Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police A. which B. what C. whatever D. that 只用which，不用that的情況：a. 引導詞前有介詞時；b.一個句子中若有兩個定語從句，一個用that引導，另一個用which引導；e.g. He bought a book that could give him much knowledge and which could help him to kill the time.c.先行詞為that， those時，用which， 而不用that.例如：Whats that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？When：eg: 1) Ill never forget the day when / on which I first went to Beijing.2) Is this the day when/on which I visited the museum?試比較：I will never forget the year which we spent together.I will never forget the year in which when we work together.where1) Please put the letter on the desk where/on which he can easily find it2) This is the factory where (in which) my father once worked.試比較：This is the factory which I visited yesterday.This is the factory to which where I paid a visit.whyThis is the reason why / for which he didnt come to the meeting.試比較：This is the reason why he was late.This is the reason which that he gave to me挑戰(zhàn)高難度！n 1. Is this the place _ you were born?n A. which B.where C.what D.thatn 2. Is this the place _ some German friends visited last year?n A. which B.where C.what D. whyn 3.The house _ the famous writer wrote his works is a museum now.n A. which B.where C.what D.thatn 4.The house _ the famous writer bought many years ago is a museum now.n A. that B.where C.what D. whyn 5.He told her the reason_ he is unhappy, but she doesnt believe the reason _ he gives her.n A. why; whyn B. why; whichn C. that; whyn D. which; why1.Have you visited the house _ the famous writer was born. A.in that B.where C.when D.on which2.Do you still remember the day _ we first met? A.that B.on that C.where D.when3.I shall never forget those days _I lived in the country with the farmers. A.that. B.when. C.which. D.where.5. After living in Paris for fifties years he returned to the small town_he grew up as a child. A.which B.where C.that D.when6.The film brought the hours back to me_I was taken good care of in that far-away village A.until B.that C.when D.where2）that代替關系副詞 that可以用于表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和介詞+ which引導的定語從句，在口語中that常被省略，例如： His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。判斷關系代詞與關系副詞 方法一： 用關系代詞，還是關系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關系代詞；而不及物動詞則要求用關系副詞。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you. 判斷改錯（注：先顯示題，再顯示答案，橫線；用不同的顏色表示出。） （錯） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （錯） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （對） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （對） Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.習慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯在關系詞的誤用上。 方法二： 準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關系副詞。例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age? A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one例2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one答案：例1 D，例2 A例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 在句1中，所缺部分為賓語，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關系代詞，所以應選D。 而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導地點狀語。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對，所以選A。關系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時，選擇關系代詞 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行詞在從句中做狀語時，應選擇關系副詞 ( where 地點狀語，when 時間狀語，why 原因狀語) 。先行詞和關系詞二合一 1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替)18.8 what/whatever; that/what; who/whoever 1）what = the thing which；whatever = anythingWhat you want has been sent here.Whatever you want makes no difference to me. 2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who （錯）Who breaks the law will be punished. （錯）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear. （對）Whoever breaks the law will be punished. （對）Who robbed the bank is not clear.3) that 和 what 當that引導定語從句時 ，通常用作關系代詞，而引導名詞性從句時，是個不充當任何成分的連接詞。賓語從句和表語從句中的that?？墒÷浴hat只能引導名詞性從句， 用作連接代詞，作從句的具體成分，且不能省略。I think (that) you will like the stamps.What we need is more practice.關系代詞that 的用法 1）不用that的情況a) 在引導非限定性定語從句時。 (錯)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b) 介詞后不能用。 (錯)We depend on the land from which we get our food.（對）We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2) 只能用that作為定語從句的關系代詞的情況a)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。b)在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which。c)先行詞有the only, the very修飾時，只用that。 d)先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that。.e)先行詞既有人，又有物時。舉例： All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油問題。 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。由于定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法比較復雜，初學者在使用時往往容易犯一些錯誤，最常見的有如下七種： 一、在定語從句中加了多余的定語。如： 1誤：Some of the boys I invited them didnt come 正：Some of the boys I invited didnt come 譯：我邀請的男孩中有幾個沒有來。 析：應刪去them，因為從句的賓語是省略了的whom，who或that。 2誤：The book that you need it is in the library 正：The book that you need is in the library 譯：你需要的書在圖書館里。 析：應刪去it，因為從句的賓語是關系代詞that。 二、把定語從句謂語動詞的單、復數(shù)弄錯。如： 1誤：Anyone who break the law will be punished 正：Anyone who breaks the law will be punished 譯：任何違犯法律的人將被處罰。 析：應改break為breaks，因為who指anyone，是單數(shù)。 2誤：Those who has finished may go home 正：Those who have finished may go home 譯：做完了的人現(xiàn)在可以回家。 析：應改has為have，因為who指those，是復數(shù)。 3誤：He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school 正：He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school 譯：他是我們學校中唯一懂法語的人。 析：應改know為knows，因為one前有the only之類限定詞，定語從句在意義上修飾 的是the only one，是單數(shù)，而不是復數(shù)名詞the teachers。 4誤：This is one of the rooms that is free now 正：This is one of the rooms that are free now 譯：這是目前空著的房間之一。 析：應改is為are，因為one前沒有the only之類的限定詞，定語從句在意義上修飾的是名詞復數(shù)the rooms，而不是單數(shù)one。 三、誤省略了定語從句中作主語的關系代詞。如： 1誤：Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth 正：Children who that eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth 譯：吃糖多的孩子往往牙齒不好。 析：應加上關系代詞who或that，因為從句少主語，且主語不能省略。 2誤：The key opens the bike is missing 正：The key thatwhich opens the bike is missing 譯：開這輛自行車的鑰匙不見了。 析：應加上關系代詞that或which，因為從句少主語，且主語不能省略。 四、定語從句中加了多余的關系副詞或介詞。如： 1誤：The house where he lives in needs repairing 正：The house where he lives needs repairing 或：The house he lives in needs repairing 譯：他住的房子需要修理。 析：應保留where，刪去從句中的in，因為關系副詞where在從句中作地點狀語，in屬多余。或刪去關系副詞where，因為where在這里的意思是in which，否則介詞in就重復了。2誤：I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing 正：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing 或：I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing 譯：我仍記得我第一次來到北京那天的情景。 析：應刪去on，因為when在這里的意思是on which，否則介詞on就重復了，或把when改為which。 五、在作先行詞的時間名詞或地點名詞后錯用了關系代詞或關系副詞。 1誤：I still remember the day when we spent together 正：I still remember the day thatwhich we spent together 譯：我仍記得我們在一起度過的日子。 析：應改when為that或which，因為從句中謂語動詞spent是及物動詞，其后應跟賓語而不是時間狀語。 2誤：This is the house where we lived in last year 正：This is the house whichthat we lived in last year 譯：這是我們?nèi)ツ曜∵^的那個房子。 析：應改where為which或that，因為從句謂語動詞lived后有介詞in，其后少介詞賓語，而不是地點狀語。 六、在先行詞reason后錯用關系副詞why。如： 1誤：Have you asked her for the reason why may explain her absence？ 正：Have you asked her for the reason thatwhich may explain her absence？ 譯：你是否向他問過可以解釋他缺席的原因？ 析：應改why為that或which，因為定語從句缺少主語，而不是少原因狀語。 2誤：I dont believe the reason why he has given for his being late 正：I dont believe the reason thatwhich he has given for his being late 譯：我不相信他所提供的他遲到的原因。 析：應改why為that或which，因為從句謂語動詞has given后缺少賓語，而不是缺少原因狀語 。 七、誤將強調(diào)句型當定語從句。如： 1誤：It was in the kitchen where the fire broke out 正：It was in the kitchen that the fire broke out 譯：大火發(fā)生在廚房。 析：應將where改that，因為原句還原為The fire broke out in the kitchen后，在語法和句意上均成立，故此題是強調(diào)句型，而非定語從句。 2誤：Was it because it snowed last night when you didnt come？ 正：Was it because it snowed last night that you didnt come？ 譯：你是否因昨晚下雪而沒有來？ 析：應將when改為that，因為，原句還原為Because it snowed last night，you didnt come后，在語法和句意上均成立，故此題是強調(diào)句型而非定語從句。定語從句真題精選1. Do you know the scientist _ gave us a talk just now? A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 2. This is the dictionary _ Mum gave me for my birthday. A. which B. what C. whose D. whom 3. Shaolin Temple _ lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad. A. where B. which C. who D. what 4. Do you know the girl _ is standing under the tree?She is my little sister. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 5. This is the question _ we are talking about now. A. that B. who C. where D. when 6. What are you looking for?I am looking for the book _ I bought yesterday. A. who B. which C. whose 7. Jack, there is someone in the office _ would like to speak with you. A. who B. which C. whom 8. If a bag is filled with books and pens, it must belong to someone _ works hard. A. which B. / C. whom D. who 9. Many young people prefer the songs _ have great lyrics. A. which B. who C. where D. whom 10. Even teachers cant understand some expressions _ their students use in daily life. A. whose B. who C. that D. whom 11. Beijing is the 29th city _ holds the Olympic Games. A. where B. that C. which D. what 12. Have you read the book _ I gave you yesterday? A. that B. when C. where 13. The man _ came to our party with a present is my old friend. A. when B. which C. that 14. I like writers _ write short stories. A. which B. what C. whom D. who 15. There are many volunteers _ are helping the children in Sichuan.And most of them are college students. A. which B. when C. whose D. who 16. We know Jackie Chan _ movies are very popular with the young. A. whose B. that C. who D. which 17. The boy _ I talked with just now is my best friend. A. who B. which C. where 18. What kind of music do you like?I like music _ I can sing along with. A. who B. that C. what 19. He is the only student _ plays table tennis better than Jim.A. why B. where C. who D. which 20. The duty of Project Hope is to help poor children, isnt it?Yes, it has built many schools _ those children can study happily.A. where B. when C. which 附：2008年中考定語從句真題精選答案15 AABAA 610 BADAC 1115 BACDD 1620 AABCA歷屆中考定語從句單項選擇題集錦1. Dont talk about such things of _ you are not sure. A. whichB. whatC. asD. those 2. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day? A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. the one 3. Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. thatB. whereC. whichD. the one 4. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago? A. thatB. whereC. whichD. the one 5. The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found. A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. in that 6. The freezing point is the temperature _ water changes into ice. A. at whichB. on thatC. in whichD. of what 7. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts. A. how you have observed B. what you have observed C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed 8. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. （同位語從句） A. becauseB. whyC. thatD. whether 9. Ill tell you _ he told me last week. （賓語從句） A. all whichB. thatC. all thatD. which 10. That tree, _ branches are almost bare, is very old. A. whoseB. of whichC. in whichD. on which 11. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing. A. asB. thatC. whichD. what （the sameas, asas, not as(so)as suchas固定搭配）12. He failed in the examination, _ made his father very angry. （非限定性定語從句） A. whichB. itC. thatD. what 13. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night. A. whichB. whomC. whoD. that 14. The girl _ an English song in the next room is Toms sister. A. who is singingB. is singingC. sangD. was singing 15. Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A. l