北師大版高中英語選修七教案：Unit21 Human Biology語法篇（學(xué)生版）.doc

unit21 human biology-語法篇_1、掌握混合條件句中的虛擬語氣的用法。2、情態(tài)動詞的用法。混合條件句中的虛擬語氣混合條件句主句是指條件句中含有不同的條件結(jié)構(gòu)，謂語動詞所表示的動作和條件從句謂語動詞所表示的動作并不是同時發(fā)生,如一個與過去事實相反，另一個與現(xiàn)在事實相反。在這種條件句中， 動詞的形式要根據(jù)具體情況進(jìn)行調(diào)整。非真空條件從句主句if it had rained last night,it would be very cold today.if i had taken your advice,i would have no trouble with the work now.if i were you,i would have gone to see the film last night.if he had told me about it, i would known what to do nowif you had followed the doctors advice (then), you would be all right now.如果你那時聽了醫(yī)生的話,你現(xiàn)在就好了.(主句與從句發(fā)生的時間不同,應(yīng)按照主句與從句各自的時間做調(diào)整.)if you had watered them more, the crops would be growing still better.如果你再給莊稼多澆些水,他們會長得更好.(指現(xiàn)在長得更好.)if you had watered them more, the crops would have grown still better.如果你早就給莊稼多澆些水,他們就會長得更好(表示對過去的虛擬)情態(tài)動詞一定義情態(tài)動詞是一種本身有一定的詞義,但要與動詞原形一起使用，給謂語動詞增添情態(tài)色彩，表示說話人對有關(guān)行為或事物的態(tài)度和看法，認(rèn)為其可能、應(yīng)該或必要等。情態(tài)動詞后面加動詞原形。二分類： 情態(tài)動詞有四類： 做情態(tài)動詞：must,can(could),may(might),ought to 可做情態(tài)動詞又可做實義動詞：need,dare 可做情態(tài)動詞又可做助動詞：shall(should),will(would) 具有情態(tài)動詞特征：have(had) to,used to三常用情態(tài)動詞的用法1.must和have to表示必要性2.cant表示不可能， mustnt表示不允許或禁止3.dont have to和neednt表示沒有必要4.can 和could 表示能力和可能性， 還可表示請求允許5.must,might,could表示猜想和推測6.may表示可能和允許四情態(tài)動詞+have+過去分詞1. “must+have+done”表示對過去事情的肯定推測，譯成“一定做過某事”，該結(jié)構(gòu)只用于肯定句。 1). it must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因為地面還是濕的。 2). you must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人說話，一定是發(fā)瘋了。 2. “cant+have+done”表示對過去事情的否定推測，譯成“不可能做過某事”。 1). mr. smith cant have gone to beijing, for i saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我剛才還在圖書館見過他。 2). mary cant have stolen your money. she has gone home. 瑪麗不可能偷你的錢，她回家去了。 3. “can+have+done”表示對過去行為的懷疑，用于疑問句，譯成“可能做過嗎？”。 1). there is no light in the room. can they have gone out? 屋里沒有燈，他們可能出去了嗎？ 2). there is nowhere to find them. where can they have gone? 到處找不到他們，他們可能到什么地方去呢？ 4. “could+have+done”是虛擬語氣，表示對過去事情的假設(shè)，意思是本來能夠做某事而沒有做。 he could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本來他能夠通過考試，但是他太粗心。 5. “may+have+done”表示對發(fā)生過去的事情的推測，意思是“可能已經(jīng)”或“也許已經(jīng)”，用于肯定句中。 what has happened to george? i dont know. he may have got lost. 喬治發(fā)生了什么事？我不知道，他可能迷路了。 “might+have+done”表示對過去事情的推測，might與may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)中。 1). he might have given you more help, even though he was busy. (met90) 他或許會多給你一些幫助，即使他很忙。 2). she might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. 如果你多給她點機(jī)會，她可能已經(jīng)取得更大的成績。 6.“should+have+done”意思是“本來應(yīng)該做某事，而實際沒做?！?“shouldnt+have+done”表示本來不應(yīng)該做某事，而實際做了。含有指責(zé)對方或自責(zé)的含意。 1). tom, you are too lazy. the work should have been finished yesterday. 湯姆，你太懶惰了，這項工作本來應(yīng)該昨天就做完的。 2). look, tom is crying. i shouldnt have been so harsh on him. 看，湯姆哭了，我本來不應(yīng)該對他如此嚴(yán)厲。 7. “ought to+have+done”表示過去應(yīng)該做而實際并沒有做，譯成“理應(yīng)做”，往往表示遺憾。與“should+have+done”用法基本一樣。例1. (2015北京)cant you stay a little longer?its getting late. i really _go now, my daughter is home alone.a .may b .can c . must d .dare 例2. (2015重慶) you_ be carol. you havent changed a bit after all these years.a. must b. can c. will d. shall例3. (2015安徽安慶一中月考) if you were older i _ you to go there yesterday.a .will allow b. should allow c. would have allowed d. had allowed例4. (2014北京海淀二模) if i _the project earlier, i would be enjoying myself on the beach now. a. might finish b. finished c. had finished d. would have finished例5. (2015北京海淀一模)what do you think of the huawei p7?terrific. i would buy one if i _an iphone 6 plus last year. a. didnt buy b. dont buy c. hadnt bought d. havent bought基礎(chǔ)演練一單項選擇。( )1.marys sister looks very beautiful now. but she was very ugly before she tidied up her appearance(整容). you _believe it! a. shouldnt b. mustnt c. wouldnt d. might not ( )2.where is mr. smith? i cant find him anywhere. he _far, for his mobile phone is still here. a. mustnt have gone b. wouldnt have gone c. cant have gone d. shouldnt have gone ( )3.why didnt john take part in the race yesterday? he _out of the race because of his serious injury. a. neednt have dropped b. should have dropped c. would have dropped d. must have dropped ( )4. you _the day off from work, which created a burden for everyone else. a. shouldnt have taken b. mustnt have taken c. couldnt have taken d. wouldnt have taken ( )5. more water and the young trees_. a. couldnt have died b. neednt have died c. shouldnt have died d. mustnt have died( )6. although lily is usually easy-going, she _be sometimes quite annoying. a. must b. need c. can d. should ( )7. “nothing in this letter _be considered as a license to use the artists personal possessions”, the judge declared on the court. a. can b. shall c. must d. may ( )8. may i take this book out of the reading room? no, you_. you read it here. a. mustnt b. mightnt c. wont d. neednt ( )9. mr. smith, tom is here._ he come in now? oh, yes please. ive been expecting him. a. should b. shall c. might d. must ( )10.why dont you wear your jogging shorts, mum? well, my legs are too skinny, if you_know. a. should b. can c. need d. must 鞏固提高二單句改錯1. the 5-year-old girl wishes she is a college student now._2. he suggested that we took more exercise to keep fit._3. i know people are trying to help, but i wish they wouldnt treat me as if i am a child._4. we would have won if jack scored that goal in that match._5. they desired that they had the right to vote._一適當(dāng)形式填空(單句適當(dāng)形式)1. what do you think would happen if there _(be) no light during the days?2. if he had not made many mistakes, he _ (pass) the test.3. i_ (go) to my cousins birthday party last night, but i was not available.4. eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam_ (be) at the age of six months old.5. if i_ (know) that it was such a hard job, i_ (ask) mr. li for help.6. it is time we_ (take) measures to protect the environment.7. if her lawyer_ (be) here last sunday, he _ (prevent) her from going.8. if you had arrived at the airport ten minutes earlier, you_ (not miss) the flight.9. if you _ (be) here last night, you would have met the well-known cancer expert.10. i would rather he _ (come) tomorrow than today._一單項選擇( )1. the doctor recommended that you_ swim after eating a large meal.a. wouldntb. couldntc. needntd. shouldnt( )2. seeing the enemy, gary was behaving as though nothing _.a. happenedb. had happenedc. would happend. was happening( )3. i didnt go to the party, but i do wish i _ there.a. wasb. werec. had beend. went( )4. the doctor recommended that i _ here for sunshine to help me to get over my illness.a. would comeb. camec. had comed. come( )5. his parents wish was that he _home immediately.a. returnedb. would returnc. returnsd. return( )6. - what did mary say to you?- she suggested that we _go swimming that afternoon.a. mustb. wouldc. shouldd. might( )7. - did you make it at last?- yes. but for your help, it_ a serious loss.a. would causeb. must have causedc. would have causedd. may cause( )8. 35 passengers died in the bullet train accident. but for the heroic train driver, many more people_ .a. had diedb. would diec. would have diedd. died( )9. i still remember it as if it_ yesterday.a. happensb. happenedc. has happenedd. happening( )10. the kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as if he_ their own son.a. isb. werec. had beend. should be二.閱讀理解 people from all over the world have different wedding traditions and marriage customs. the one thing that all wedding ceremonies commonly seem to have is the commitment(承諾) of love for all time during a public ceremony. everyone at a wedding hopes for great happiness between the wedding couple. wedding traditions are usually a way of showing signs of the hope for great happiness. some of these traditions are very interesting. in sweden, the traditional bride will wear three rings by the end of the wedding ceremony. the first is the engagement(訂婚) ring that she entered the ceremony with. the second, the wedding ring, is added to the first. a final ring, however, is added as well. this ring is known as the motherhood ring. this is said to show that marriage is about more than just love. it is about building a family. wedding traditions in the philippines include the pandango, a dance which can last for hours. during the pandango, guests pin (用大頭針別住) money to the brides dress to pay for their honeymoon. a traditional irish bride may wear a blue wedding dress-believing blue to be a lucky colour. english lavender(薰衣草) is often mixed with her wedding flowers. it is traditional for the bride to braid her hair(梳頭發(fā))as it is considered a good way to bring luck to the new couple. there are many wedding traditions around the world which may differ from what they are used to, but if you are about to plan a wedding, you may find it interesting to include some of these traditions in your own wedding.( )1. what do all wedding ceremonies seem to have in common?a. the commitment of love for all time.b. happiness between the wedding couple.c. an interestin