2017年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解模擬題(一)及答案：理學(xué)類(lèi).docx

考研VIP 只為更出眾2017年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解模擬題（一）及答案：理學(xué)類(lèi)Scientists have known since 1952 that DNA is the basic stuff of heredity. Theyve known its chemical structure since 1953. They know that human DNA acts like a biological computer program some 3 billion bits long that spells out the instructions for making proteins， the basic building blocks of life.But everything the genetic engineers have accomplished during the past half-century is just a preamble to the work that Collins and Anderson and legions of colleagues are doing now. Collins leads the Human Genome Project， a 15-year effort to draw the first detailed map of every nook and cranny and gene in human DNA. Anderson， who pioneered the first successful human gene-therapy operations， is leading the campaign to put information about DNA to use as quickly as possible in the treatment and prevention of human diseases.What they and other researchers are plotting is nothing less than a biomedical revolution. Like Silicon Valley pirates reverse-engineering a computer chip to steal a competitors secrets， genetic engineers are decoding lifes molecular secrets and trying to use that knowledge to reverse the natural course of disease. DNA in their hands has become both a blueprint and a drug， a pharmacological substance of extraordinary potency that can treat not just symptoms or the diseases that cause them but also the imperfections in DNA that make people susceptible to a disease.And thats just the beginning. For all the fevered work being done， however， science is still far away from the Brave New World vision of engineering a perfect humanor even a perfect tomato. Much more research is needed before gene therapy becomes commonplace， and many diseases will take decades to conquer， if they can be conquered at all.In the short run， the most practical way to use the new technology will be in genetic screening. Doctors will be able to detect all sorts of flaws in DNA long before they can be fixed. In some cases the knowledge may lead to treatments that delay the onset of the disease or soften its effects. Someone with a genetic predisposition to heart disease， for example， could follow a low-fat diet. And if scientists determine that a vital protein is missing because the gene that was supposed to make it is defective， they might be able to give the patient an artificial version of the protein. But in other instances， almost nothing can be done to stop the ravages brought on by genetic mutations. (409 words)1. It can be inferred from the text that Collins and Anderson and legions of colleagues _.A know that human DNA acts like a biological computer programB have found the basic building blocks of lifeC have accomplished some genetic discovery during the past half-centuryD are making a breakthrough in DNA2. Collins and Anderson are cited in the text to indicate all the following EXCEPT that _.A time-consuming effort is needed to accomplish the detailed map of in human DNAB human gene-therapy operations may be applied to the patientsC gene-therapy now is already generally used to the treatment and prevention of human diseasesD information about DNA may be used in the treatment and prevention of human diseases3. The word “pirate” (line 2， paragraph 3) means_.A one who robs at sea or plunders the land from the seaB one who makes use of or reproduces the work of another without authorizationC to take (something) by piracyD to make use of or reproduce (anothers work) without authorization4. We can draw a conclusion from the text that_.A engineering a perfect human is not feasible for the time beingB its impossible for scientists to engineer a perfect tomatoC many diseases will never be conquered by human beingsD doctors will be able to cure all sorts of flaws in DNA in the long run5. The best title for the text may be _.A DNA and HeredityB The Genetic RevolutionC A Biomedical RevolutionD How to Apply Genetic Technology詞匯注釋stuff 物質(zhì)preamble 開(kāi)端nook and cranny 排列potency 力量susceptible 易受感染的predisposition 易患病的體質(zhì)難句講解1. They know that human DNA acts like a biological computer program some 3 billion bits long that spells out the instructions for making proteins， the basic building blocks of life.簡(jiǎn)析 本句話(huà)的主干是“They know that”。they 指的是前面句子中提到的scientists;第一個(gè)引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句，some 3 billion bits long修飾computer program，第二個(gè)that也修飾computer program;the basic building blocks of life是在解釋proteins.2. Anderson， who pioneered the first successful human gene-therapy operations， is leading the campaign to put information about DNA to use as quickly as possible in the treatment and prevention of human diseases.簡(jiǎn)析 本句話(huà)的主干是“Anderson is leading the campaign”。Who引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾Anderson;to put information短語(yǔ)修飾campaign，其中的to use作目的狀語(yǔ)。3. DNA in their hands has become both a blueprint and a drug， a pharmacological substance of extraordinary potency that can treat not just symptoms or the diseases that cause them but also the imperfections in DNA that make people susceptible to a disease.簡(jiǎn)析 本句話(huà)的主干是“DNA has become both a blueprint and a drug”。in their hands修飾DNA;a pharmacological substance是在解釋前面的drug，其中的第一個(gè)that 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾pharmacological substance;第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾imperfections.4. And if scientists determine that a vital protein is missing because the gene that was supposed to make it is defective， they might be able to give the patient an artificial version of the protein.簡(jiǎn)析 本句話(huà)的主干是“they might be able to give the patient an artificial version of the protein”。If引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，其中的第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句，because引導(dǎo)的時(shí)原因狀語(yǔ)從句;第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾gene.答案與解析36. D 推論題。本題的問(wèn)題是“根據(jù)本文，可以推知：柯林斯、安德森以及他們的眾多同事”。題干中的“Collins and Anderson and legions of colleagues”出自文章第二段第一句話(huà)中，表明本題與第二段有關(guān)。第二段提到，柯林斯領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了“人類(lèi)基因工程”研究項(xiàng)目，而安德森首創(chuàng)了人類(lèi)第一次成功的基因治療手術(shù)，并且正在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一項(xiàng)有關(guān)DNA的研究活動(dòng);第三段接著介紹了他們掌握的DNA的作用。由此可知，這些研究人員對(duì)DNA的研究正在取得進(jìn)步。D“正在取得DNA領(lǐng)域的突破”是對(duì)文中相關(guān)信息的概括，為正確答案。A“知道人類(lèi)的DNA的作用就像一個(gè)生物學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)程序”和C“在過(guò)去半個(gè)世紀(jì)里完成了一些基因發(fā)現(xiàn)”是第一段中提到的以前科學(xué)家的成果，不是柯林斯、安德森以及他們的同事的成果;B“發(fā)現(xiàn)了生命的基本構(gòu)造元素”是針對(duì)文中“spells out the instructions for making proteins，the basic building blocks of life”這句話(huà)設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)。生命的基本構(gòu)造元素是蛋白質(zhì)，但這并不是這些研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)的，所以B不對(duì)。37. C 結(jié)構(gòu)題。本題的問(wèn)題是“文中引用柯林斯和安德森是為了表示下面各項(xiàng)，除了”。題干中的“Collins and Anderson”出自文章第二段第一句話(huà)中，表明本題與第二段有關(guān)。第二段提到這兩人時(shí)指出，柯林斯領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究項(xiàng)目歷時(shí)15年，旨在繪制第一張人類(lèi)DNA基因排列詳細(xì)圖表，而安德森首創(chuàng)了人類(lèi)第一次成功的基因治療手術(shù)，他正在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究準(zhǔn)備把有關(guān)DNA的信息盡可能迅速地用于治療并預(yù)防人類(lèi)的疾病;第三段提到，他們掌握的DNA可以治療癥狀或者導(dǎo)致癥狀的疾病。這說(shuō)明，A“為了完成人類(lèi)DNA的詳細(xì)基因圖，需要付出很大的努力”、B“人類(lèi)基因療法手術(shù)可能被用來(lái)治療患者一和D”有關(guān)DNA的信息可能被用來(lái)治療并預(yù)防人類(lèi)的疾病“體現(xiàn)了提到這兩人的目的。C”如今，基因療法普遍用于治療并預(yù)防人類(lèi)的疾病“明顯與第四段第三句話(huà)的意思不符。38. B 詞義題。本題的問(wèn)題是“單詞pirate(第三段第二行)最可能的意思是”。第三段提到該詞時(shí)是說(shuō)，這些人反向設(shè)計(jì)一種電腦芯片去竊取競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的秘密。根據(jù)“Sili.”Vailev“可知，A”一個(gè)在海上搶劫或者從海上搶劫陸地的人“不對(duì);本句話(huà)是把該詞與gene