人教版必修三Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars Language points學(xué)案2.docx

unit 4 astronomy- the science of the stars language points學(xué)案1. 同義句改寫(xiě)the red ruler is three times as long as the yellow one._(用倍數(shù)比較級(jí)改寫(xiě))_(用倍數(shù)then.of.改寫(xiě))【參考答案】the red ruler is twice longer than the yellow one.the red ruler is three times the length of the yellow one.【拓展延伸】.倍數(shù)as形容詞/副詞原級(jí)as .是倍數(shù)表達(dá)法之一，意為是的多少倍。倍數(shù)的常見(jiàn)表達(dá)方式：1. a+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)+形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)+than+b，表示a比b倍the new building is four times higher than the old one. 新樓比舊樓高4倍。2. a+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞的原級(jí)+as+b，表示a是b的倍asia is four times as large as europe. 亞洲的大小是歐洲的4倍。3. a+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)+the size/height/length/width/depth.+of+b，表示a的是b的倍the earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月亮的49倍大。4. a+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)+what從句the production now is three times what it was ten years ago. 現(xiàn)在的產(chǎn)量是10年前的3倍。5. a+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)+that of.now the grain output in our county is twice that of 20 years ago. 現(xiàn)在我們縣的糧食產(chǎn)量是20年前的兩倍?！咎貏e提醒】?jī)杀队胻wice或double，不足一倍用分?jǐn)?shù)表示，三倍或三倍以上一般用.times來(lái)表示。2. (2017新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷iii改編) _(既然) you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning activities.【參考答案】now that【拓展延伸】其他表示原因的連詞或介詞短語(yǔ)：1. because因?yàn)?。語(yǔ)氣較重，常用于回答why的疑問(wèn)。2. since因?yàn)?；既然?？膳cnow that互換。3. as因?yàn)?。語(yǔ)氣較弱。4. for因?yàn)?。并列連詞，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)分句，不能置于句首，表示進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。5. now (that)相當(dāng)于since，是連詞短語(yǔ)，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，口語(yǔ)中經(jīng)常省略that。6. 表原因的介詞短語(yǔ)：due to，because of，on account of，owing to，thanks to，as a result of等。鞏固練習(xí)1. 完成句子they have three times as many cows _ we have.他們擁有三倍于我們的奶牛。my house is twice the size _ my parents.我的房子的面積是我父母的兩倍。the room is _ that one.這個(gè)房間是那個(gè)房間的三倍大。2. 單句語(yǔ)法填空_ youre here, why not have a drink?_ it is late, i shall go home now.the school was moved out of downtown _ the number of students had grown too large.it must have rained last night, _ the ground is wet.3. (2015安徽)_ he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.a. whereb. asc. in cased. now that4. (2015四川) ill be out for some time. _ anything important happens, call me up immediately.a. in case b. as ifc. even though d. now that4. a 【解析】a. 萬(wàn)一；b. 仿佛；c. 即使；d. 既然。根據(jù)句意可知：給我打電話的前提是如果發(fā)生重要的事情，所以前句話表示后面情況發(fā)生的一種條件，in case可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，故答案選a。句意：我要出去一會(huì)。萬(wàn)一有重要事情的話，立即給我打電話。(2017北京) every year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the kite festival.a. whatever b. whoeverc. whomever d. whichever【參考答案】b【拓展延伸】一、主語(yǔ)從句的概念與連接詞作主語(yǔ)的從句叫主語(yǔ)從句，它是名詞性從句之一。引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有：1. 從屬連詞that，whether。that they were true sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明顯，她們的確是親姐妹，她們的臉型很相似。whether hell come here isnt clear. 是否會(huì)來(lái)這里還不清楚。2. 連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever。what she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。whoever comes is welcome. 不論誰(shuí)來(lái)都?xì)g迎。3. 連接副詞 where, when, how, why。how this happened is not clear to anyone. 這事怎樣發(fā)生的，誰(shuí)也不清楚。how and why he suddenly disappeared remains a mystery. 他怎么又為什么突然消失仍然是個(gè)迷。二、主語(yǔ)從句三要素1. 從句用陳述語(yǔ)序how he became a great scientist is known to us all.眾所周知他是如何成為一名偉大的科學(xué)家的。2. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是從句時(shí)，主句謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)。whatever he says is of no importance. 無(wú)論他說(shuō)什么都不重要。whoever says that is wrong. 無(wú)論誰(shuí)說(shuō)這話都不對(duì)?！咎貏e提醒】但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，不可一概而論，而要視句子的意義而定。what i need is money. 我需要的是錢(qián)。what i need are books. 我需要的是書(shū)。3. 通常不能省略關(guān)聯(lián)詞that he is the best student in the class is obvious. 很明顯，他是班里最好的學(xué)生。【特別注意】1. 連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，通常用形式主語(yǔ)it代替主語(yǔ)從句。2. 連接代詞(副詞)引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，可以用形式主語(yǔ)it代替主語(yǔ)從句，也可直接放在句首使用主語(yǔ)從句。主語(yǔ)從句通常都是放在句首，但有時(shí)為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，避免頭重腳輕，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把從句放在后面。這樣就構(gòu)成了下面一些常用句型：(1)it is + n. / adj. +從句it is a pity/shame that. 遺憾的是it is possible that. 很可能it is unlikely that. 不可能it is a pity that she has made such a mistake.她犯了這樣一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，真是遺憾。(2)it +不及物動(dòng)詞+從句it seems/appears that. 似乎it happened that. 碰巧it seems that they have won the game.似乎他們贏得了比賽。(3)it + be +過(guò)去分詞+從句it is said that. 據(jù)說(shuō)it is known to all that. 眾所周知it is reported that. 據(jù)報(bào)道it is believed that. 據(jù)信；人們相信it is suggested that. 有人建議it must be pointed out that. 必須指出it has been proved that. 已證明it is believed that at least 20 buildings were damaged or destroyed.據(jù)信，至少有二十座樓房遭到破壞或徹底毀掉。it is suggested that the meeting should be put off.有人建議會(huì)議延期召開(kāi)。its reported that three people were killed in the accident and five were hurt badly.據(jù)報(bào)道，事故中三人喪生，五人重傷。it is known to all that taiwan is an inseparable part of china.眾所周知，臺(tái)灣是中國(guó)不可分割的一部分。鞏固練習(xí)1. 用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空 we will have the meeting hasnt been decided yet. she has made such a big mistake is unknown.it hasnt been made clear the new underground line is to be open to traffic. its maybe next year. role he will play in the film hasnt been known. part of the country he will travel to needs discussing.2. (2015北京) _we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.a. wher