虛擬語氣及專項練習題解.doc

虛擬語氣的用法及專項練習題虛擬語氣表示一種假設的情況，或一種主觀的愿望，即動詞所表示的動作或狀態(tài)并非事實，或不可能實現(xiàn)。英語虛擬語氣的形式有下列幾種：一、與現(xiàn)在事實相反 連接詞條件從句結果從句If1.動詞過去式(或were)2.助動詞（過去式）+動詞原形Should Would +動詞原形couldmightIf had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.二.與將來事實相反連接詞條件從句結果從句If1. should+動詞原形2. 動詞過去式3、were to+動詞原形ShouldWould +動詞原形couldmightIf you should lose, what would you do?If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her thetruth.If you went there next time, you would see what I mean.三、與過去事實相反連接詞條件從句結果從句Ifhad+過去分詞Should Would + have+過去分詞couldmightIf Id known that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country.四、虛擬語氣的幾種特殊用法省掉if的條件從句結構：Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,)2.有時虛擬條件不用條件從句而用不定式、分詞、介詞、名詞、連接詞或定語從句來表示，如：A true friend would not do such a thing.(=If he were a true friend, he.)(=If there were no water,)(=If you hadnt helped me,)例句：Without your advice, our meeting wouldnt have been so successfully. 過去 （=可轉換為：If there hadnt been your advice, we ） Your notes are almost illegible (難以辨認的). Notes typed out would be a lot easier to read. 將來 (= 可轉換為：If the notes had been typed out, it would be a lot easier to read.) I should have gone to see Dr. Smith and he might have cured me of the disease.過去 (= 可轉換為：If he have gone to see Dr. Smith, he .) 3. 有時條件從句中的動作和結果從句中的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致，如：If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be quite all right now.If I were you, I would have gone home.虛擬條件句的從句部分含有were,should,或had時,可省略if，再把were,should或had移到從句的句首，實行倒裝。例如： Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.他們現(xiàn)在在的話，就會幫助我們了。 Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.你來得早一點，就碰到他了。 Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.假如下雨，莊稼就有救了。 注意：在虛擬語氣的從句中，動詞be的過去時態(tài)一律用were，不用was，即在從句中be用were代替。例如： IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你，就會去找他。 Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在這兒，一切都會好的。五、虛擬語氣的其他用法1、Suggest, advise 等動詞之后賓語從句須用虛擬語氣，其句子結構如下：suggest, advise, recommend, demand,require, insist, urge, request, order, +that(should )+動詞原形devide, ask, move, propose等注意：在此結構中that不可省略；should省不省均可。He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.上述動詞的名詞形式出現(xiàn)時，that 引導的從句仍用虛擬語氣。He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking.如果that 引導的從句所表達的內(nèi)容是事實，也可用陳述語氣。He insists that he is right.insist和suggest是常見的動詞，它們各自在詞義及用法上具有雙重性，弄不好會出錯誤。 一、insist： A）作“堅決認為”解釋時，其后面的賓語從句用陳述語氣。如： Iinsisted(toeveryone)thathewaswrong我對每個人堅持說他錯了。 TheArabinsistedthathehadneverseenthecamel這阿拉伯人堅持說他從沒看見過這頭駱駝。 B）作“堅決主張、堅決要求”解釋時，其后面的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣，即賓語從句的謂語用（should）dosth。如： Iinsistedthathe（should）gotoseemyfather我堅決要他去見我的父親。 TheArabinsistedthatthey（should）lookforthecamel這阿拉伯人堅持要他們?nèi)ふ疫@頭駱駝。 同時，我們也可以用insistonsth或insistondoingsth來表達上述的兩種意思。如： Iinsistedonmycorrectness（IinsistedthatIwascorrect）我堅持認為自己是對的。 Heinsistsonhisinnocence（Heinsiststhatheisinnocent）他堅持認為自己無罪。 Weallinsistonnotrestinguntilwefinishthework（Weallinsistthatweshouldnotrestuntilwefinishthework）我們都堅決要求不完工就不休息。 Heinsistsonmybeingpresentatthemeeting（HeinsiststhatIshouldbepresentatthemeeting）他一定要我出席這個會議。 二、suggest： A）作“使想起、暗示、表明”解釋時，其后面的賓語從句用陳述語氣。如： Herexpressionsuggestedthatshewasangry她的表情顯示出她生氣了。 Areyousuggestingthatheistoooldforthejob？你的意思是說他年紀太大了而不能干這工作？ B）作“建議”解釋時，其后面的賓語從句用虛擬語氣，也就是說賓語從句的謂語用（should）dosth。如： Isuggestedthatshe（should）leaveearlyfortheairport我建議她早點兒動身去機場。 HesuggestedthatI（should）wearajacket他建議我穿一件夾克衫。 我們也可以用suggest（oneones）doingsth來表達“建議”。如： Isuggestedourclassholdingameetingtodiscusstheproblem（Isuggestedthatourclassshouldholdameetingtodiscusstheproblem）我建議我們班開個班會討論這個問題。 Hesuggestedputtingoffthesportsmeettothenextweek（Hesuggestedthatthesportsmeetshouldbeputofftothenextweek）他建議運動會推遲到下周。2、It is (was )+necessary, a pity 等+that引導的從句須用虛擬語氣，其句子結構如下： imperative, advisable, 動詞完成式It is (was) + important, natural, necessary, essential, strange,等+that(should) + 動詞原形It is important that you (should) follow the doctors orders.It is right that you should have done your homework.不是只能跟虛擬語氣的. 你要分清什么時候才用虛擬語氣虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想，所說的是一個條件，不一定是事實，或與事實相反。如果不是表達那些意思的話是不用到虛擬語氣的例如:It is strange that he had made a mistake. 奇怪的是他犯了一個錯誤。 這是一個陳述句，就是陳述一個事實：他犯了錯誤讓人有點奇怪。 It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake. 他居然犯了一個錯誤，真令人奇怪。 這是虛擬語氣，說話者是在責備他本不應該犯錯。 It is/was 形容詞/名詞that主語從句多數(shù)情況下用虛擬語氣，表達一種要求，命令或者責備，但是如果只是表示陳述一個事實而不是強烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陳述語氣。 以下為詞典原句:(不過考試作文中建議你還是多用虛擬語氣) It is a shame that the rain spoiled our picnic. 真可惜，這場雨把我們的野餐給攪了。 It is a pity (that) he lost so much money. 他損失這麼多錢，真是遺憾。 He was a very brave man and it is surprising that he lived so long. 他是一個非常勇敢的人，而令人驚訝的是他活得那麼長命。 It is strange that nobody knows where he lives . 真奇怪，誰也不知道他住在哪里。 附：虛擬語氣用在主語從句中有以下幾種情況： 1.在句型 It is important (necessary, strange, impossible, natural) that . 中，that后面的從句中的謂語動詞用：(should) + 動詞原形。 如： Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 我們有必要出去散散步。 Its natural that she should do so. 她這樣做是很自然的。 Its important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我們要照顧好病人。 2.在句型It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, better) that . 中，that 后面的從句中的謂語動詞用: (should) + 動詞原形。 如： It was a great pity that you (should) have made so many mistakes in your math exercise. 太遺憾了，你居然在數(shù)學練習中犯了那么多錯誤 It will be better that she stay with her grandmother. 她和她的祖母在一起就好了。 3.在句型It is suggested (requested, proposed, ordered) that . 中，that 后面的從句中的謂語動詞用：(should) + 動詞原形。 如： It was suggested that the sports meet be put off until next Saturday. 大家建議把運動會推遲到下星期六。 It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight. 希望我們到今晚將一切準備就緒。 It was ordered that the medicine be sent there by plane. 命令馬上用飛機把藥送往那里. (個人認為上面的第3種情況基本都要用虛擬語氣，因為這里都是表示命令或要求，而第1和第2兩種則視說話者要表達的意思決定。)3、wish的用法動詞過去式或were與現(xiàn)在事實相反主語+wish(that)+主語 + 動詞過去完成式與過去事實相反助動詞過去試+動詞原形與將來事實相反I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer.)I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)I wish theyd let us get some sleep.注意：wish與hope接賓語從句的區(qū)別在于：hope表示一般可以實現(xiàn)的希望，賓語從句用陳述語氣。wish表示很難或不大可能實現(xiàn)的希望,賓語從句用虛擬語氣。試比較：（1） We hope they will come,(We dont know if they can come.)（2） We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.)4、as if, as though, would(had) rather(that)引導的從句須用虛擬語氣，如：as if (though)連接的從句，即可表示對現(xiàn)在、將來時間的虛擬，又可鏢是對過去時間的虛擬，具體句型：主句+as if (though)+主語+01.were/過去時 表示與主句動作同時發(fā)生02.could/would +動詞原形表示動作可能在將來發(fā)生03.had+過去分詞表示從句謂語的動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前eg. He treats me as if i were a stranger. She talks about it again and again as if she would never end. They talked as if they had been friends for years. He acts as if nothing had happened.I would rather you didnt tell him.would rather后接that從句,從句用虛擬語氣, 即用一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在或將來的動作或狀態(tài),用過去完成時表示過去的動作或 狀態(tài)。 would rather had done 沒有這個用法如果只涉及主語本人而不涉及另一個人，則would rather之后不接that從句而接have done結構。虛擬語氣 表示對過去的虛擬語氣 例 I would rather have gone to the theatre than stayed home night. 我真希望昨天晚上去看了戲而不是呆在家里。5、Its (high) time that+動詞過去式或should+動詞原形，如：Its time (that) you had a hair cut.Its high time (that) we took some action. 虛擬語氣專項練習題(1). If I_you, I would go by plane. Flying is much faster. A. be B. was C. were D. am(2). I do not think those people are really English. If they were, they_speakwith French accents. A. dont B. will not C. mustnt D. wouldnt(3)_today, would we be able to get there by Tuesday? A. Were we leaving B. If we leave C. Would we leave D. Were we to leave(4). If Jone_tomorrow, what would you do? A. were not to come B. will not come C. would not come D. had not come(5). “She didnt ask me, so I didnt help her.”“You mean to say_, you wouldve helped her ?” A. if she asked you B. if she were to ask you C.had she asked you C. were she to ask you(6). They took the injured straight to the hospital. Otherwise some of them_. A. might have died B. might die C. would die D. could die(7). If they had known him,_to him? A. would they have talked B. would they talk C.had they talked D. they would talk(8). If I lived in the city, I_travel in croweded buses, but I_to see lots of films. A. shall have to/shall be able B. shall have to/am able C. would have to/were able D. would have to/would be able(9). I would have gone to the concert, if I_time. A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had(10). _I known it, I would have told you. A. Have B. If C. Had D. Having(11)._your help, I would not have succeeded. A. Because B. Because of C. But D. But for(12). “What did Mr Smith say about his career?”“Only that if he_ a millionaire, he would have fewer worries.” A. did not become B. had not become C. does not become D. has not become(13). “Why didnt you help him?”“I would have_ I didnt have the money.” A. still B. but C. otherwise D. or(14). “Who should go to see Li Ying? He is ill today.” “I suggest Wang Hong_.” A. goes B. would go C. go D. went(15). The housemaster was strict. He requested that we_television on week nights. A. not watch B. must not to watch C. not be watching D. have not watch(16). I cant speak Japanese, but I do wish I_. A. can B. could C. had D. speak(17). “Are you enjoying your stay here?“Yes, very much. I wish I_ have to leave so soon.” A. wont B. dont C. mustnt D. didnt(18). “What will you do during the summer holidays?”“I dont know, but its about time_on something.” A. Im deciding B. Ill decide C. I decided D. Id decidedwish的用法動詞過去式或were與現(xiàn)在事實相反主語+wish(that)+主語 + 動詞過去完成式與過去事實相反助動詞過去試+動詞原形與將來事實相反I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer.)I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)I wish theyd let us get some sleep.注意：wish與hope接賓語從句的區(qū)別在于：hope表示一般可以實現(xiàn)的希望，賓語從句用陳述語氣。wish表示很難或不大可能實現(xiàn)的希望,賓語從句用虛擬語氣。試比較：（1） We hope they will come,(We dont know if they can come.)（2） We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.)(19). Id rather you_ anything about it for the time being. For the time being暫時;眼下,目前Lets share the room for the time being. 我們暫時合住一個房間吧! Lets do it just for the time being. 我們暫時這么做吧。would rather后可跟從句，表示主語寧愿讓某人干某事。從句謂語動詞用虛擬語氣，即用一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在或將來要做的事；用過去完成時表示過去要做的事。如： Id rather she set out to do the work now. 我寧愿她現(xiàn)在就著手做這項工作。 Id rather you met her at the airport tomorrow morning. 但愿你明天早上能在機場見到她。 Id rather you hadnt told him the news that day. 我真希望你那天沒有把那消息告訴他。 A. say B. didnt say C. dont say D. not say(20). “Why do you have to be there at six?” “The teacher demands that everyone_in his seat at six.” A. would be B. can be C. be D. will be(21). He makes a note of the assignment lest he_it. A. forgets B. forget C. will forget D. will not forget(22). “how does the librarian (圖書管理員) act?”“He acts as if he_a walking dictionary.” A. were B. be C. is D. has beenas if (though)連接的從句，即可表示對現(xiàn)在、將來時間的虛擬，又可鏢是對過去時間的虛擬，具體句型：主句+as if (though)+主語+01.were/過去時 表示與主句動作同時發(fā)生02.could/would +動詞原形表示動作可能在將來發(fā)生03.had+過去分詞表示從句謂語的動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前eg. He treats me as if i were a stranger. She talks about it again and again as if she would never end. They talked as if they had been friends for years. He acts as if nothing had happened.I would rather you didnt tell him.(23). There is a law that drunken drivers_ severely punished. 酒后駕車將受到法律制裁 A. were B. are C. be D. will be(24). I wish you_interrupt when Im talking on the phone. A. will not B. would not C. do not D. did not(25). Henry talks to his dog as if it _him. A. understands B. understood C. understand D. would understand(26). Jeff looked as if he_a ghost. A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. would see(27). Give her my best regards, _. A. should you see her today虛擬語氣，對將來進行虛擬用過去將來時should 這里表示萬一。 B. if you saw her today C. if you would see her today D. should you have seen her today (28). There was a suggestion by the teachers that the meeting_postponed for a week. A. had been B. would be C. was D. should be(29). It is highly desirable that every effort_to reduce pollution in Bei jing. A. was made B. be made C. will be made D. would be made (30). The manager would rather that his wife_work in the same office as he dose. A. does not B. did not C. would not D. will not(31). The teacher insisted that we all_ back by two oclock. A. be B. to be C. would be D. shall be(32). I didnt go to the football match, but I do wish I_there. A. went B. was C. were D.had been(33). It is high time we_drug trafficking.(販毒) A. did away with( do away with 廢除;去掉 They decided to do away with the rule. 他們決定廢除這條規(guī)則。 B. do away with C. did away D. should do away with 虛擬語氣專項練習題參考答案（1）C (2) D (3) D (4) A (5) C (6) A (7) A (8) D (9) A (10) C(11) D (12) B (13) B (14) C (15) A (16) B (17) D (18) C (19) B(20) C (21) B (22) A (23) C (24) B (25) B (26) C (27) A (28) D(29) B (30) B (31) A (32) D (33) A虛擬語氣練習 1.Everything _ if Albert hadnt called the fire brigade. fire brigade n. 消防隊a.will be destroyed b. will have been destroyed b.would be destroyed d. would have been destroyed 2.If you hadnt gone with Tom to the party last night,_. a.you would meet John already b. you wont have missed John c.you will have met John d. you would have met John 3.Supposing this ship _ , do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers? a. was sinking b. has sunk c. were to sink d. sunk 4.The insects would devour（耗盡） all our crops and kill our flocks and heads (牛羊), if _ for the protection we get from insect-eating animals. （食用昆蟲的動物）a. it is not b. it were not c. were it not d. they were not 5.The teacher suggested that each student _ a plan for the vacation. a. made b. make c. makes d. will make 6.Frankly, Id rather you _ anything about it for the time being. a. do b. dont do c. didnt do d. will not do 7.After the way she treated you, if I _ in your place. 如果我處在你的位置上，那么她怎么對你，我就怎么對她a. be b. am c. was d. were 8.The idea is that the nation _ an unmanned spacecraft to explore the planet first. a. sent b. sends c. send d. must send 9.Its high time you _. a. start to work b. would start to work c. started to work d. had started to work 10.“If I hadnt practiced when I was younger,” the musician says,“I _ able to play so well now.” a. wouldnt be b. wont be c. wouldnt have been d. couldnt have been 11.It is imperative that you _ there in person. a. are b. were c. be d. will be 12.The atomic structure is, _, a miniature solar system. a. as if it were b. as if they were ( 可以說，在一定程度上) c. as it were d. as if are 13.We required that the machine parts _ cast iron. a. is made of b. be made from c. be made of d. is made by 14.The management urged that the cost of production _. a.to be further reduced b. was further reduced b.be further reduced d. should further reduced 15.The business is risky. But _ we would be rich. a. should we succeed b. we should succeed c. might we succeed d. would we succeed 16.I wish our teacher _ to give another test. I havent got prepared yet. a. isnt going b. werent going c. will not going d. could have gone 17.I wish I _ to the movies with you last night. a. went b. did go c. could go d. could have gone 18.Id just as soon _ rudely to her. 1. I would just as soon stay at home .我寧愿呆在家里.(與不帶to的動詞不定式連用時,表示一般可實現(xiàn)的愿望)2. I would as soon you didt tell me about that.我寧愿你不曾告訴我這件事.(與從句連用時,從句的謂語用過去式,表明是虛擬語氣)a. that you wont speak b. your not speaking c. you not speak d. you didnt speak 19.If I _ in the twenty-first century, I _ my vacation in a very different way. a. should livewould spend b. will live .should spend c. are living should have spent d. will be livingwould have spent 20.It is required that the machine _ as frequently as necessary. a. be oiled b. must be oiled c. is oiled d. will oil 21.His English teacher recommends that he _ a regular degree program. a. begins b. begin c. will begin d. is beginning 22.We prefer that the plan _ before being put into execution. a.is fully discussed b. must be fully discussed c.be fully discussed d. will be fully discussed 23.What do you think of his proposal that improvements _ in the old type of vacuum cleaner? a. be made b. will be made c. would be made d. will have to be made 24.The doctors advice is that the patient _ about his real physical condition. a.be not told b. not be told c. will