譯林版高二英語(yǔ)選修8學(xué)案：Unit1 SectionⅢ Word版含解析.doc

unit 1the written wordpart grammar否定陳述否定陳述即含有否定詞的陳述句。否定陳述經(jīng)常被用來(lái)糾正錯(cuò)誤的觀念。例：money does not buy happiness.金錢買不來(lái)幸福。在這個(gè)句子中，金錢能買來(lái)幸福的錯(cuò)誤觀念得到了糾正。否定陳述的構(gòu)成形式1助動(dòng)詞not例：i dont think so.我不這樣認(rèn)為。he does not have lunch at home.他不在家里吃午飯。2具有否定意義的表達(dá)常用的具有否定意義的詞有no(不；沒(méi)有)，none(無(wú)人；沒(méi)有任何東西)，nobody(沒(méi)人；誰(shuí)也不)，nothing(沒(méi)有東西；什么也沒(méi)有)，nowhere(哪兒也不)，nohow(絕不；毫不)，neither(兩者皆不)，never(永不；從不)，dislike(不喜歡)，disagree(不同意)，useless(沒(méi)有用的)，unimportant(不重要的)及短語(yǔ)out of.，far from.，too.to.等：no one is in the classroom.教室里沒(méi)人。i like neither.兩個(gè)我都不喜歡。he never tells a lie.他從不撒謊。the book is useless.這本書(shū)沒(méi)有用。she dislikes him.她不喜歡他。the machine is out of work.這臺(tái)機(jī)器不能工作了。he is too young to go to school.他太小，還不能上學(xué)。注意：有時(shí)not與帶有否定前綴的形容詞連用，可表示一種肯定意義。例：its not uncommon to find her reading the newspaper.發(fā)現(xiàn)她在讀報(bào)紙是常見(jiàn)的事。3有些總括性代詞、形容詞或副詞等和not連用時(shí)，表示半否定(也稱部分否定)；這類總括性詞有all(一切；全體)，both(兩者)，each或every(每個(gè)；人人)，everyone(每個(gè)人；人人)，everything(每件事；每件東西)，everywhere(每個(gè)地方；各地)，always(總是)，altogether(全體)，wholly(全部)等：both are not correct.(或not both are correct.)并非兩個(gè)都對(duì)。(只有一個(gè)對(duì)。)比較：neither is correct.兩個(gè)都不對(duì)。such a thing cant be found everywhere.這種事并非到處可見(jiàn)。比較：such a thing can be found nowhere.(或such a thing cant be found anywhere.)這種事什么地方也見(jiàn)不到?？偫ㄐ栽~和帶有否定意義的前后綴的單詞連用，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用肯定式，意思為完全否定：both are useless.兩個(gè)都沒(méi)用。we all dislike him.我們都不喜歡他。4有些具有半否定意義的詞表示否定。這類半否定詞有hardly(幾乎不)，seldom(很少)，little(幾乎沒(méi)有)，few(很少)，rarely(很少)，barely(勉強(qiáng)，幾乎不)，scarcely(幾乎沒(méi)有)等：he is seldom late.他很少遲到。few people could do it then.當(dāng)時(shí)很少有人能干這事。5有時(shí)也可以用一些帶有否定意義的短語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)否定。常見(jiàn)的有：far from，unless，free from，would rather.than等：unless you read the novel yourself，youll never know what happens at the end.除非你親自讀小說(shuō)，否則你不會(huì)知道結(jié)局怎樣。6有時(shí)if/whether從句里面也可加not來(lái)表示附加否定。i wonder whether/if i shouldnt bring an umbrella.我想知道我是不是不該帶雨傘。.單項(xiàng)填空1 we couldnt eat in a restaurant because _ of us had _ money on us.aall；no bany；nocnone；any dno one；any2 both teams were in hard training；_ was willing to lose the game.aeither bneithercanother dthe other3 can you come on monday or tuesday?im afraid _ day is possible.aeither bneithercsome dany4 i agree with most of what you said，but i dont agree with _.aeverything banythingcsomething dnothing5 he seldom has lunch at school，_？ahasnt he bhas hecdoesnt he ddoes he6 i wont let you in _ you show me the written permission of the commander.aapart from bunlesscexcept dbut7 tom could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong.aadmit badmittedcadmitting dto admit8 i know nothing about the young lady _ she is from beijing.aexcept bexcept forcexcept that dbesides9 he dislikes it when his mother scolds him，_？adoesnt he bdoes hecdoesnt she ddoes she10 i dont think he is honest，_？aisnt he bis hecdo i ddont i11 all of them dont like him.that is to say，_ likes him.ano one bnonecnot everyone dboth a and c12 i am not sure _ or not he will come tomorrow.athat bwhethercif dwhat13 he _ english every morning but his classmates _.aisnt read；readbdoesnt read；docdoesnt read；readdisnt read；do14 the housework is too much for me，jack.sorry，but i cant help _ it，joan. ive got something important to do，you know.ado bdoingcto be doing dhaving done15 have you all read harry potter iv before?_.anobody of us has bnobody of us didcnone of us has dnone of us did16 the book is _ boring；it is，in fact rather exciting and fascinating.aall but bnothing butcno more danything but17 which of the two computer games did you prefer?actually i didnt like _.aboth of them beither of themcnone of them dneither of them18 most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees，but _ they have eggs or young chicks，they dont use a nest.awhy bhowcunless dwhere19 he has made a lot of films，but _ good ones.aany bsomecfew dmany20 sorry，i made a mistake again._.practice more and youll succeed.anever mind bcertainly notcnot at all ddont mention it.體驗(yàn)高考1i told them not everybody could run as fast as you did，_？acould he bdidnt icdidnt you dcould they2i dont really like james.why did you invite him?dont worry.he _ come.he said he wasnt certain what his plans were.amust not bneed notcwould not dmight not3hows your new babysitter?we _ ask for a better one.all our kids love her so much.ashould bmightcmustnt dcouldnt4would you like tea or coffee?_，thank you.ive just had some water.aeither bbothcany dneither5how was your recent trip to sichuan?ive never had _ one before.aa pleasant ba more pleasantca most pleasant dthe most pleasant6jane wont join us for dinner tonight and _.aneither wont tom btom wont eitherctom will too dso will tom7it doesnt matter if they want to come to your party，_？adoesnt it bdoes itcdont they ddo they答案：.1.c由后半句句意：“我們身上都沒(méi)帶錢”，知句子應(yīng)用完全否定，排除a、b兩項(xiàng)。no one不能與of連用，所以選c項(xiàng)。2b句意：“兩隊(duì)都在刻苦訓(xùn)練，誰(shuí)也不愿輸?shù)舯荣?。”“兩者都不”?yīng)用neither。3b句意：“你能星期一或星期二來(lái)嗎？”“恐怕哪天也不行?！备鶕?jù)im afraid及原句給出的選擇是兩者，所以使用表否定的詞“兩者都不”，用neither。4a句意：“我同意你說(shuō)的大部分，但我并非同意全部?！本渥討?yīng)用部分否定，如選b項(xiàng)則是完全否定。5d句意：“他很少在學(xué)校吃飯，是嗎？”seldom構(gòu)成的句子為否定句，其反意疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)用肯定形式。6b句意：“除非你給我看你長(zhǎng)官的書(shū)面允許，否則我不能讓你進(jìn)去。”7a句意：“湯姆除了向老師承認(rèn)他錯(cuò)了之外，別無(wú)他法?！眂ould do nothing but do.“除之外別無(wú)他法?！?c句意：“對(duì)于這個(gè)年輕女人，我除了知道她來(lái)自北京之外，別的一無(wú)所知?！盿、b、d三項(xiàng)均為介詞，后不加句子。9a本句主句為he dislikes it，后面反意疑問(wèn)部分應(yīng)與主句一致，因此排除c、d兩項(xiàng)；而且dislike雖然帶有否定前綴，但主句仍按肯定句對(duì)待。10b因本句主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱，因此反意問(wèn)句部分應(yīng)根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)從句決定，排除c、d兩項(xiàng)；此外本句涉及否定轉(zhuǎn)移，故選b項(xiàng)。11cboth，all，every，everyone，always等詞用于否定句表示部分否定。no one，none等表示全部否定。12b因從句中有or not，排除a、d兩項(xiàng)；if不與or not連在一起使用，排除c項(xiàng)。13bbut前面分句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞read的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)否定形式為doesnt(dont) read，排除a、d兩項(xiàng)；but后的分句為省略形式，用do代替read english every morning。14acant help(to)do“幫不上忙”；cant help doing sth.“禁不住做某事”。15cnobody后不接of結(jié)構(gòu)，排除a、b兩項(xiàng)，根據(jù)上文時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)選c項(xiàng)。16dall but“幾乎，差不多”；nothing but“僅僅，只有”；no more“不再”；anything but“絕不，根本不”；根據(jù)題意應(yīng)選d項(xiàng)。17b句意：“這兩個(gè)電腦游戲你喜歡哪一個(gè)？說(shuō)實(shí)話我兩個(gè)都不喜歡?！眅ither意為“兩者之中任何一個(gè)”。因前面有didnt，所以為完全否定。18cunless“如果不”，后一句句意為：“但是如果它們不孵蛋或育雛，它們就不用巢。”19c句意：“他制作了許多影片，但幾乎沒(méi)有好的?！鼻懊媸强隙ň?，but后面應(yīng)該是否定。因?yàn)閎ut是轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。few“少數(shù)的，很少，幾乎沒(méi)有”是具有否定意義的詞，故選c項(xiàng)。20acertainly not常用來(lái)回答別人問(wèn)是否介意的問(wèn)題；not at all和dont mention it用于別人致謝時(shí)的答語(yǔ)。只有never mind符合語(yǔ)境。句意：“對(duì)不起，我又出錯(cuò)了。沒(méi)關(guān)系。多練習(xí)，你就會(huì)成