閱讀理解--推斷題解題方法公開[2].ppt

Welcome ReadingComprehension InferenceQuestions 閱讀理解專題 推理判斷題 2009 2013年高考英語閱讀理解考點分布 Important 推理判斷類題型特點 在閱讀理解中 推理就是要求考生在理解文章中直接陳述的觀點或描述的事實的基礎(chǔ)上 領(lǐng)悟作者的言外之意 得出符合作者意愿的結(jié)論 即根據(jù)作者暗示的內(nèi)容 推斷出合理的結(jié)論 閱讀推理判斷題 推斷題分類 1 問題形式 Itcanbeinferred concludedfromthetextthat Fromthetextweknowthat Whenthewritertalksabout whathe shereallymeansis Thewritersuggeststhat Thestoryimplies indicatesthat 這類題干中通常含有infer suggest imply concludeindicate 暗示 等標(biāo)志性詞語 一 如何推斷隱含意義 2 技巧點撥 1 根據(jù)細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容進行推斷 一 如何推斷隱含意義 推理判斷得出結(jié)論 1 Didyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewall Diditsoundlikeaclock Ifso itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle Longagopeoplethoughtthetickingmeantthatsomeonewasabouttodie Thusthebeetleiscalled thedeathwatchbeetle Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatthesoundofthisbeetle A pleasedpeople B surprisedpeople C frightenedpeople D excitedpeople 實例透析1 2 Itisfuntoturnoverabigrockonthebeach Makesureyouturntherockbacktothepositionitwasinafteryoumovedit Ifyoudon tturnitbackover alltheseaanimalsunderitorclingingto 依附 theundersidewilldie Thepassageimpliesthatrocks hurtseaanimalsprotectseaanimalsC won tbefoundonbeachesD can tbefoundonbeaches 實例透析2 2 技巧點撥 2 針對主題思想 一 如何推斷隱含意義 得出結(jié)論 3 IntheCaliforniastudy childrenwithTVsintheirroomsbutnocomputerathomescoredthelowestwhilethosewithnobedroomTVbutwhohadhomecomputersscoredthehighest WhilethisstudydoesnotprovethatbedroomTVsetscausedthelowerscores itaddstoaccumulatingfindingsthatchildrenshouldn thaveTVsintheirbedrooms Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs A Moretimeshouldbespentoncomputers B ChildrenshouldbeforbiddenfromwatchingTV C TVsetsshouldn tbeallowedinchildren sbedroomsD Furtherstudiesonhigh achievingstudentsshouldbedone 二 如何推斷作者觀點和態(tài)度 1 問題特點 題干中通常含有attitude view opinion thinkof thinkabout intheauthor sopinion mind等標(biāo)志性詞語 二 如何推斷作者觀點和態(tài)度 2 技巧點撥 注意作者表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞 副詞 動詞及所舉的例子 推斷出作者的弦外之音 5 Whyisn tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews AllIreadaboutismurder bribery 行賄 anddeath Frankly I msickofallthebadnews Thisauthor sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto A complainB apologizeC amuseD inform Whatistheauthor sattitudetowardsthemoderntechnology A CriticalB Objective C Optimistic D Negative Therewasatimewhensomepeople slivesweredevotedsimplytothecultivationofthelandorthecareofcattle Nomulti taskingthere theirliveswentonatamuchgentlerpace andinafamiliarpattern Thereismuchthatwemightenvyaboutawayoflifelikethis Yetbeforewedoso wemustthinkofthehardtasksourancestorsfaced theyfarmedwithbarehands oftenlivedclosetohunger andhadtofashiontoolsfromwoodandstone Modernmachineryhasfreedpeoplefromthatprimitiveexistence Brainstorming 說明作者的態(tài)度 1 Objective 2 positive 3 negative 4 neutral 5 approval 6 disapproval 7 indifferent 8 ironic 9 critical 10 optimistic 11 pessimistic 12 cautious 客觀的 消極的 漠不關(guān)心的 贊成的 不贊成的 樂觀的 悲觀的 積極的 諷刺的 批評的 中立的 TakingNotes 謹(jǐn)慎的 1 問題的形式 Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear Thepassageismostlikelyapartof 三 如何推斷文章出處 Brainstorming Don twanderaimlesslythroughlife Getconfusedonyourgoals starthelpingothersinneed andlivelifetothefullest Lifeistooshorttobeanythingbuthappy Visitmyblogandfindwhatyou vebeenmissing Sighupformynewsletterandgetsevenfreeebooks too Readhundredsofarticleswhileyou rethereinthearticlesection whichisupdateddaily Thistextmustbetakenfrom AaradioprogramB awebsiteC anewspaperD aTVprogram 2 解題技巧這類問題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)或典型的句子來判斷其出處 eg 1 報紙 前面會出現(xiàn)日期 地點或通訊社名稱 2 廣告 因其格式特殊 容易辨認(rèn) 3 產(chǎn)品說明 器皿 設(shè)備的使用說明會有產(chǎn)品名稱或操作方式 而藥品的服用說明會告知服用時間 次數(shù) 藥量等 4 網(wǎng)絡(luò) www com blog ebooks clickhere Internet update Morethan30 000driversandfrontseatpassengersarekilledorseriouslyinjured 受傷 eachyear Ataspeedofonly30milesperhouritisthesameasfallingfromathirdfloorwindow Wearingaseatbelt 安全帶 saveslives itreducesyourchanceofdeathorseriousinjurybymorethanhalf Thereforedriversorfrontseatpassengersover14inmostvehiclesmustwearaseatbelt Ifyoudonot youcouldbefinedupto 50 Itwillnotbeuptothedriverstomakesureyouwearyourbelt Butitwillbethedriver sresponsibility 責(zé)任 tomakesurethatchildrenunder14donotrideinthefrontunlesstheyarewearingseatbeltofsomekind However youdonothavetowearaseatbeltifyouarereversing 倒退 yourvehicleoryouaremakingalocaldelivery 發(fā)送 orcollectionusingaspecialvehicle orifyouhaveavalidmedicalcertificatewhichexcusesyoufromwearingit Makesurethesecircumstances 情形 applytoyoubeforeyoudecidenottowearyourseatbelt Rememberyoumaybetakentocourtfornotdoingso andyoumaybefinedifyoucannotprovetothecourtthatyouhavebeenexcusedfromwearingit 3分鐘 Thistextistakenfrom A amedicalmagazineB apolicereportC anadvertisement 廣告 D agovernmentinformationbooklet 小冊子 Morethan30 000 arekilledorseriouslyinjured 受傷 eachyear youcouldbefinedupto 50 Rememberyoumaybetakentocourt youmaybefined 四 推斷上下文內(nèi)容 1 Questionforms Thenextparagraphwouldmostprobablydealwith Theparagraphprecedingthisonewouldmostlikelydiscuss 2 解題技巧推測下文的內(nèi)容 根據(jù)作者的思路進行推理推測上文的內(nèi)容 關(guān)注第一段 特別是文段開始的幾句話 Whenearlyhumanshuntedandgatheredfood theywerenotincontroloftheirenvironment Theycouldonlyinteractwiththeirsurroundingsaslowerorganismsdid Whenhumanslearnedtomakefire however theybecamecapableofalteringtheirenvironment Toprovidethemselveswithfueltheystrippedbarkfromtrees causingthetreestodie Clearingswereburnedinforeststoincreasethegrowthofgrassandtoprovideagreatergrazingareaforthewildanimalsthathumansfedupon Thisdevelopmentledtofarmingandthedomesticationofanimals Firealsoprovidedthemeansforcookingplantswhichhadpreviouslybeeninedible Onlywhentheprocessofmeetingthebasicneedforfoodreachedacertainlevelofsophisticationwasitpossibleforhumanstofollowotherpursuitssuchasthefoundingofcities Theparagraphfollowingthispassagewouldmostlikelybeabout A fireB huntingC farmingD urbanization 城市化 1 Questionforms 1 考查整篇文章的寫作目的A Thewriter spurposeofwritingthispassageisto B Whatisthepurposeofwritingthisarticle C Inwritingthepassage theauthorintendsto 2 考查某處細(xì)節(jié)的寫作意圖A Thewriterusestheexampleof toshowthat B Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto C arementionedinthefirstparagraphto 五如何推斷寫作目的 Brainstorming Tointroducesth Tosellaproductorservice Toarractreaders attention Toattractreaderstopayforatriptosomeattraction Tocallon Toresiststh Toamusereaders Toargueagainst andsupportone sownidea Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto A testthereaders knowledgeaboutwavesB drawthereaders attentiontothetopicC showJamieTaylor simportanceD invitethereaderstoanswerthem Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves hesaid TheCostofHigherEducationManypeoplebelievethathighereducationshouldbefreebecauseitisgoodfortheeconomy 經(jīng)濟 Manygraduatesclearlydocontributetonationalwealth butsodoallthebusinessesthatinvest 投資 andcreatejobs Ifyoubelievethatthegovernmentshouldpayforhighereducationbecausegraduatesareeconomicallyproductive youshouldalsobelievethatthegovernmentshouldpaypartofbusinesscosts Anyonepromisingtocreatejobsshouldreceiveagiftofcapitalfromthegovernmenttoinvest Therefore itistheindividual notthegovernment whoshouldpayfortheiruniversityeducation TheauthormentionsbusinessesinParagraph5inorderto A argueagainstfreeuniversityeducationB callonthemtofinancestudents studiesC encouragegraduatestogointobusinessD showtheircontributiontohighereducation Accordingtotheserules whatstatementshouldn twechoose 1 備選項的中心詞背離文章的主題思想2 文中敘述的是事實3 文中無依據(jù)4 太絕對或太片面5 偷換概念6 與細(xì)節(jié)信息相反 DOremember 1 依據(jù)文章2 關(guān)注細(xì)節(jié)3 言外之意4 思路吻合5 合乎邏輯6 答案最佳 Practicemakesperfect Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintotheapartment itwas A veryclean B justcleanedbythelandlord C tidyandcomfortable D dirtyandfullofinsects Onedayamanwalkedapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant Ineedtwosmallmiceandaboutfivedozenroaches 蟑螂 andtwospiders 蜘蛛 Whatdoyouneedthesethingsfor theshopassistantwasverysurprised Well repliedtheman I mmovingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlordinsiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit 5 Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph A Maryfeelspityforherself B Maryhasrecoveredfromherdisease C Marywantstohelpothersasmuchaspossible D Marydeterminestogobacktothedancefloor Althoughherdiseasehasaffectedhereyesightandforcedhertothesidelinesofthedancefloor sherefusestofallintoself pity Everybodyonearthcanask whyme aboutsomethingorother sheinsists Itdoesn tdoanygood Nooneisimmune 免疫的 toheartachepain anddisappointments Sometimeswecanmakethingsbetterbyhelpingothers I vecometorealizetheimportanceofthatasI vegrownupthissecondtime IwanttospeakoutandbeashelpfulasIcanbe 4 Whatcanweinferfromthelastsentenceofthetext A HappinesscomesfrompeacefullifeinthecountryB HealthismoreimportantthanmoneyC TheharmonybetweenmanandnatureisimportantD Goodolddayswillneverbeforgotten Thenthepeoplerealizedwhatwashappening Itwasthefrog Theyhadn tbeenuseless Theyhadbeendoinganimportantjob eatinginsects Withsomanyfrogskilled theinsectswereincreasingmorerapidly Theyweredamagingthecropsandspreadingdiseases Now thepeoplearestillpoor Butintheeveningstheysitinthevillagesquareandlistentosoundsofinsectsandfrogs Thesesoundsofthenightnowhaveamuchdeepermeaning topicsentence Theconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone About90percentofallillnessesmightbepreventableifindividualmadesoundpersonalhealthchoicesbaseduponpresentmedicalknowledge Weallenjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddonotliketoseeitlimitedwhenitiswithinthelegalandmoralboundaryofsociety ThestructureofAmericansocietyallowsustomakealmostallourownpersonaldecisionsthatmayaffectourhealth Ifwedodesire wecansmoke drinkmuch refusetowearseatbelts eatwhateverfoodwewant andliveacompletelysedentarylifestylewithoutanyexercise 練習(xí)題 解釋 P5 Q Theconceptofpersonalchoiceabou