doing的用法總結(jié).doc

doing的用法總結(jié)一、 動(dòng)名詞的作用1、 作主語謂語用單數(shù)。It代替動(dòng)名詞作主語，常用于如下結(jié)構(gòu)：Its no good/use doing如：Seeing is believing.Playing with fire is dangerous.Its no good waiting here.2、 作賓語I enjoy listening to music.He often practices playing the piano in the evening.He is fond of playing basketball.He has given up smoking.Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?(1) 只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞：admit，advise建議，risk，appreciate，envy嫉妒，avoid避免，consider考慮，delay延遲，deny否認(rèn)，dislike不喜歡，enjoy，escape逃避，excuse原諒、寬恕，finish完成，forgive原諒，understand理解，give up放棄，imagine想象，keep保持，mind介意、在乎，miss未達(dá)到，practise訓(xùn)練，put off推遲，resist抵抗，suggest建議、暗示cant help 禁不住，cant stand無法忍受，devote to(to為介詞)致力于，look forward to 期望、盼望，stick to堅(jiān)持，be used to習(xí)慣于，object to反對(duì)，be busy忙于，fee like想要be surprised at 對(duì)感到驚訝 be proud of 以為驕傲 succeed in 在某方面成功 be afraid of害怕 give up 放棄(2) 只能接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞：happen 碰巧，offer 主動(dòng)提出，promise 答應(yīng)，agree 同意，refuse拒絕，decide 決定，determine 決定、決心，pretend 假裝，fail 未能夠，learn，wish希望，hope，expect，afford 負(fù)擔(dān)得起。(3) 接動(dòng)名詞、不定式均可，意義相同的動(dòng)詞：like，love，dislike，hate，begin，star，continue，prefer，cant bear/endure 無法忍受，cease停止(4) 下列詞接動(dòng)名詞和不定式均可，但意義不同的動(dòng)詞：forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等Stop to do 停下來去做 stop doing 停止做Forget to do 忘記要做 forget doing 忘記做過Remember to do 記得要做 remember doing 記得做過Regret to do 遺憾要做 regret doing 后悔做過Try to do 企圖做，盡力做 try doing 試著做Go on to do 繼續(xù)做（另一件事） go on doing 繼續(xù)做（同一件事）Mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味做(5) Need, require, want作“需要”講，其后用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義，be worth也有類似用法。如：The flowers need watering/to be watered.The problem is worth discussing.3、 作表語有時(shí)的動(dòng)名詞可以和主語調(diào)換位置。如：My hobby is collecting stamps.Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the child.The film is touching.4、 作定語動(dòng)名詞作定語，一般表示用途。如：a waiting room，a diving board，a reading room，a dining hallthere are a lot of swimming pools in the city.注：（1）現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表動(dòng)作，它與所修飾的名詞之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，可改寫成一個(gè)定語從句。如果為單詞，放在被修飾n之前，為短語，放在被修飾n之后。如：a sleeping boy =a boy who is sleeping a developing country =a country which is developing （2）動(dòng)名詞作定語通常表示它所修飾的名詞的用途或性質(zhì)，可改寫成一個(gè)for的短語，兩者不存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。如：a washing machine = a mashine for washing a swimming pool = a pool for swimming 5.作狀語 （1）現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作時(shí)間、原因、伴隨、條件、結(jié)果等狀語。時(shí)間狀語（分詞作狀語前面可加when, while等）Hearing the good news, he jumped with greatjoy.Not having finished her work in time, the boss fired her.原因狀語Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note伴隨狀語The girls came in, following their parents.結(jié)果狀語The poor old man died, leaving nothing to his children.注意：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的幾個(gè)特性。時(shí)間性。與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，用一般時(shí)，如發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前時(shí)則用完成式having done。語態(tài)性。與句子的主語之間的關(guān)系，是主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。遵循的規(guī)則“主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，被動(dòng)完成”。人稱一致性。分詞的邏輯主語就是句子的主語。6. 作賓語補(bǔ)足語：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. 可以帶有這種復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。二、 動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，通常要用完成式，否則都用一般式。如：We are interested in playing chess.He was praised for having finished the work ahead of time.Im sorry for not having kept my promise.若主語是動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，動(dòng)名詞用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：We must do something to prevent water from being polluted.I remember having been told a story.He was afraid of being scolded by the teacher.三。. -ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。在-ing前加物主代詞或名詞所有格即構(gòu)成-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。其中的物主代詞或名詞所有格為-ing的邏輯主語。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作主語、賓語或表語，如：Your smoking and drinking too much will do harm to your health. 四。-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作主語、表語、賓語時(shí)的區(qū)別。一般說來，表示一個(gè)比較抽象或泛指的動(dòng)作時(shí)多用-ing形式。表示一個(gè)具體某一次的動(dòng)作時(shí)，多用動(dòng)詞不定式，如：Our job is making steel. She likes playing the piano, but she doesnt want to play it today.五。-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)的區(qū)別。（1）不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，其動(dòng)作一般發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后，如：I have told them to come again tomorrow.（2）在see, watch, hear, feel等之后，如果用-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)，表示其動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行中，而用不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不定式所表示的動(dòng)作是一個(gè)動(dòng)作的過程，如：I hear her singing in the room.我聽見她正在屋里唱歌。 I hear her sing in the room.我聽見她在屋里唱過歌。10. -ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作狀語的區(qū)別。-ing形式在句作狀語表示時(shí)間、原因、方式或伴隨情況，而動(dòng)詞不定式一般式在句中作狀語時(shí)，一般是作目的或結(jié)果狀語，如：Not receiving his letter, I wrote to him again./ I looked into the window to see what was going on inside.六。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：有時(shí)v.ing和過去分詞在句中也有自己的獨(dú)立的主語，這種獨(dú)立的主語一般為名詞或代詞，和v.ing還有過去分詞構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)在句中一般只作狀語。 獨(dú)立主格中是使用v.ing還是過去分詞，則要根據(jù)它們的主語和其所表示的動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系來定，如：The bell ringing, we all stopped talking. 注意：獨(dú)立