單招高三英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)——名詞.doc

單招高三英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)教學(xué)案（一）一、名詞的種類英語名詞可以分為兩大類：普通名詞和專有名詞。普通名詞是某一類人、某一類事物、某種物質(zhì)或抽象概念的名稱。例如：happiness，chair，family，gold。普通名詞可進(jìn)一步分為：1個(gè)體名詞：表示個(gè)別人或事物的名稱。例如：teacher，desk，book，car。2集體名詞：表示一群人或一些事物的總稱。例如：class，team，people，furniture。注意有許多集體名詞也可以用作個(gè)體名詞，但是意義稍有不同。用作集體名詞的時(shí)候指的是整體；用作個(gè)體名詞的時(shí)候，指的是這個(gè)集體中的成員。My family _(be) a big one.(家庭)My family _(be) fond of watching football games.(家庭成員)3物質(zhì)名詞：表示物質(zhì)或不具備確定形狀和大小的個(gè)體的實(shí)物。例如：air，water，bread，paper，oil。4抽象名詞：表示動作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)或其他抽象概念，多指看不見摸不著的東西。例如：sadness，safety，care，thought，illness。而專有名詞是個(gè)別的人、團(tuán)體、地方、機(jī)構(gòu)或事物的名稱，其中實(shí)詞的第一個(gè)字母必須大寫。例如：Mary，the Peoples Republic of China，Sydney，Beijing Hotel。名詞又可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞有_數(shù)、_數(shù)之分，表示可以數(shù)計(jì)的事物的名詞。個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞一般是_(可 / 不可)數(shù)的。例如：a girltwo girls，a flowersome flowers。不可數(shù)名詞表示的是不可以數(shù)計(jì)的名詞，一般不分單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)。物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞和專有名詞一般是_數(shù)的。例如：coffeea cup of coffee，milka glass of milk。有少數(shù)名詞既可作不可數(shù)名詞，又可作可數(shù)名詞，但意義有所不同。例如：不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞paper紙 文件；論文；報(bào)紙experience經(jīng)驗(yàn) 經(jīng)歷room空間房間【即學(xué)即練】 （ ）1. Mr. Li has worked in this factory for many years. He has _ in this field. A. many experience B. many experiences C. much experience D. much experiences ( ) 2. Mr. Black is a famous professor. He has published a lot of _ in many foreign magazines. A. paper B. papers ( ) 3. There were too many people in the boat. They couldnt make any _ for her. A. room B. rooms二、名詞的數(shù)數(shù)是個(gè)語法范疇，指名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。(一)可數(shù)名詞能用數(shù)目計(jì)算的，表示事物、人、概念的名詞稱為可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞的有單、復(fù)數(shù)形式，單數(shù)形式就是名詞的原形。復(fù)數(shù)形式有兩種：一種是規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)，另一種是不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)。1規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式 （1）一般情況在末尾加S desk -_, cat-_ bag-_ (2)以 s, x, ch, sh 結(jié)尾的名詞一般加_ box-_ brush-_ glass-_ watch-_ (3)以 “輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名詞，變 _ 為_, 再加_ family-_ story-_ country -_ 但以 “元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名詞只加_boy-_ toy-_ (4)以 “輔音字母+O”結(jié)尾的名詞通常+_, hero-_ tomato-_ potato-_但少數(shù)縮略詞只加_:kilo-_ piano-_ photo-_以“元音字母+O”結(jié)尾的名詞只加_radio-_ zoo-_ (5)以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞，變f或fe為_,再加_ knife-_ half-_ wife-_ wolf-_但也有兩例直接加s roof-_ 屋頂 belief-_ 信仰2.不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式 （1）單詞本身元音變化或加ren或en tooth-_ woman-_ man-_ child-_ (2) 有些詞單復(fù)同形 綿羊_ 鹿_ 中國人_, 日本人_ (3)只用復(fù)數(shù)的名詞 眼鏡_, 衣服_, 長褲_ (4)有些名詞單數(shù)形式表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)意義 警察 _ 人民_【即學(xué)即練】(1). Look at those _. (child) (2). I can see a _ standing near the door. (policeman)(3). Do you want some _ for dinner? (potato)(4). In autumn, you can see a lot of _ on the ground.(leaf)(5). He has two _.One is blue , the other is yellow.( box)(6) .Two _ live in this building .( family )(7). The police _(be) searching the forest for the lost boy now.( ) (8). Can you see the _ over there? _ are eating the grass in the garden. A. deers, They B. deers, It C. deer, They D. deer, It3.復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 (1)將其中的主體名詞變復(fù)數(shù) a daughter-in-law two _, a looker-on some _ (2)如果沒有主體名詞，在詞尾加s a grow-up some _, a go-between many _ 中間人 （3）由man和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，同單同復(fù) a man teacher five _, a woman doctor four _ 4表示民族的名詞，單、復(fù)數(shù)形式主要有以下三種情況： (1)單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同。 a Chinese two _ a Japanesefour _(2)詞尾加一s構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。 an American two _ a German three _(3)變man為men構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù) an Englishmanfive _ a Frenchwomansix _【即學(xué)即練】（ ）1There are four _ and two _ in the group.A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese, Germans（ ）2Two _ would come to the village.A. woman-doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctors （ ）3. He has three _. They all love him. A. sister-in-law B. sister-in-laws C. sister-ins-law D. sisters-in-law(二).不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞的計(jì)數(shù)：不可數(shù)名詞本身不可以計(jì)數(shù)，如果要計(jì)數(shù)的話，就得借助一些可數(shù)名詞作單位詞，表達(dá)方式為：aan或數(shù)詞+名詞(可數(shù))+of+名詞(不可數(shù))，例：a piece of bread。這類用作單位詞的可數(shù)名詞可分為以下四類： 1表示個(gè)數(shù)的單位詞，如piece，item，article，bit等，它們幾乎可以和所有的不可數(shù)名詞進(jìn)行搭配。 一塊肉_, 一張紙_一塊布_, 一條建議_2表示形狀的單位詞，如drop，grain等。 一滴血_ 一粒沙_3表示容積的單位詞，如cup，bottle，glass等。 一杯牛奶_. 一瓶果汁_, 一杯茶_4表示度量單位的量詞，如kilogram(公斤)， kilometer，一公斤豬肉_注：請思考：這類結(jié)構(gòu)的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的“s” 加在哪里？ two _( cup) of tea three _ (bottle) of juice.【即學(xué)即練】 ( )1. The boys have got _ al r e a d y. .A . two bread B. . two breads C. two pieces of bread D. .two piece of bread ( )2. Help yourself to some _. Thank you! I really like it. A. orange B. apples C. cakes D.snacks三、名詞的格 在句中表示名詞與其他名詞所有關(guān)系、所屬關(guān)系，稱為名詞的格(名詞的屬格)。 名詞有主格、賓格和所有格三種格的形式，分別用作句子的主語，賓語或介詞的賓語和表示所有關(guān)系。所有格是幾種格的形式中唯一有詞形變化的，分為一s所有格，of所有格和雙重所有格三種。 、 1一s所有格 (1)名詞單數(shù)加一s構(gòu)成所有格，主要用于有生命的名詞后。 _ coat格林先生的大衣 _ food狗糧 (2)以一s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞只加 構(gòu)成所有格。 _ readingroom教師閱覽室 _ gifts他朋友們的禮物 如果是復(fù)數(shù)，但不帶詞尾一s；則仍然加 s。 Peoples Daily人民日報(bào) _ toys, 孩子們的玩具 (3)以一s結(jié)尾的專有名詞既可加一s，也可以加一構(gòu)成所有格。 DickensDickenss works狄更斯的作品 (4)復(fù)合名詞詞尾加s構(gòu)成所有格。 a passerbys umbrella一位路人的傘 (5)并列名詞根據(jù)語義而定，一件東西為兩人所共有，在第二個(gè)名詞后加一s。 Alice and Beths room愛麗絲和貝思的房間 _ desk 麗麗和露西的課桌 如果是分屬兩人所有，則在每個(gè)名詞后加一s。 Alices and Beths rooms-(Alices room and Beths room) 愛麗絲的房間和貝思的房間 它們是麗麗的課桌和露西的課桌。They are _desks. 2of所有格 用of表示所有關(guān)系，一般用于表示無生命東西的名詞，但也常常用于人名或其他表示有生命的名詞。 the legs of the table桌子的腿 _ _ _ the magazine雜志的封面 3雙重所有格 雙重所有格，其構(gòu)成的形式是of+名詞一s或of+名詞性物主代詞。 a friend of my fathers _ _ _ _ _ 我的一個(gè)朋友【即學(xué)即練】 （ ）1.He told me that _ would come to his birthday party. A. many Jack friends B. many Jacks friend C. Jacks many friends D. many friends of Jacks ( ) 2. Do you know where the _ are? They are looking for them. A. boys bags B. boys bags C. boys bag D. boys bag ( )3. Do you know the two women over there? Yes, they are _ mothers. A. Tom and Jims B. Toms and Jims C. Toms and Jim D. Tom and Jim ( )4. This is _ dorm. Its very clean. A. Tom and Jims B. Toms and Jims C. Toms and Jim D. Tom and Jim 鞏固練習(xí) ()1. Jims bike is more expensive than _ Ahis brothers and sister Bhis brothers and sisters C his brothers and sister Dhis brother and sister()2 .Li ping tried hard to find a job in the sales department，but he had no_ Achance Btime Cmoney Dluck()3.Alice said she would be there at eight oclock but I thought she would not keep her _ Aright Bword Csaying D balance()4. _clothes are sold in Nanjing commercial Market. AMan and childs BMen and children C Mens and childrens DMens and childs()5. Even a child knows that_are made of_ Aglass; glass B glasses; glasses Cglasses; glass Dglass; glasses()6. Heres my card. Lets keep in _ Afriendship Brelation Cconnection D touch()7. Zhang Chao will go to the_to buy some books this afternoon. Abooks store Bbook store Cbooks store Dbooksstore()8._has been used to save his life. AEvery possible means BAll possible means CEvery possible mean DAll the possible means()9. The homework for Monday is to write a _composition about our school. Afivehundredword Bfivehundred words Cfivehundredsword Dfivehundreds words()10. I am very sorry, sir! But I was delayed by _ Asome heavy traffics Bheavy traffics Cheavy traffic Dany heavy traffic()11.In the computer times, people can get a lot of _from the Internet. Aideas Binformation Cphotos Dstories()12. My grandfather keeps a lot of _on his farm. Acows and sheep Bcows and sheeps Ccow and sheeps Dcow and sheep()13.Her little brother broke a _while she was washing up. Luckily, he didnt hurt himself. Aglass for wine Bwine glass Cglass of wine Dglass wine ()14. My Christmas present was given by_ Amy father friends Ba friend of my fathers Cmy father friend D a friend of my father()15.After standing for hours, the students were glad to take _rest. Aa few minutes Ba little minutess Ca little minutes Da few minutes()16.The Queen was very rude to her _. They had a hard life. Awoman servants Bwomen servant Cwoman servant Dwomen servants()17.I knew I shouldnt accept anything from such a person，but I found it difficult to turn down his_ Aoffer Bsuggestion Crequest Dplan ()18.Yesterday evening we had a lovely evening at _ APeter and Helens BPeter and Helen CPeter and Helens DPeters and Helens()19.I have three foreign classmates. One is _， the other two are_ AJapanese; America BRussian; Germany CCanada; Australia DEnglish; Frenchmen( )20. Just then, I found her sitting in the corner reading _, with _ in eyes. A. a piece of newspaper; tear B. newspaper; tears C. a newspaper; tears D. newspapers; tear講解部分參考答案：語法點(diǎn)撥一名詞的種類 2. is, are 4. 可， 不可，可， 不可【即學(xué)即練】1.C 2. B 3.A二名詞的數(shù) (一)、可數(shù)名詞 1. （1）desks, cats, bags (2) es, boxes, brushes, glasses, watches (3)y, i, es. families, stories, countries. s, boys, toys (4)es, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes. s, kilos, pianos, photos. s, radios, zoos (5)v,