土壤修復(fù)材料9-16

名稱：,骨炭粉,一種無定形碳，含7%11%的碳、約80%的磷酸鈣和其他無機(jī)鹽。由脫脂骨頭在隔絕空氣的條件下經(jīng)脫脂、脫膠、高溫灼燒、分揀等多道工序碳化制得。,簡介：,用途：,骨炭粉對重金屬的固定效果一方面在于骨炭本身是一種堿性物質(zhì)可以增加土壤pH，使得土壤重金屬以碳酸鹽的形式形成沉淀，另一方面骨炭粉的有機(jī)物含量比較高，可以增加土壤重金屬有機(jī)結(jié)合態(tài)的數(shù)量。,Name: Bone charcoal powder,Introduction: A kind of amorphous carbon, carbon containing 7% 11%, about 80% of the calcium phosphate, and other inorganic salts.By defatted bone under the condition of the air through a degreasing, degumming, high temperature calcination, sorting process carbide.,Application: Bone charcoal powder on the effects of heavy metals on the one hand the bone charcoal itself is a kind of alkaline substances can increase the soil pH, makes the soil heavy metals in the form of carbonate formation of precipitation, on the other hand bone charcoal powder, organic matter content is higher, can increase the number of soil heavy metal organic combination mode.,名稱：,硅肥,具有硅(Si)標(biāo)明量的肥料，屬于一種中量元素肥料，屬堿性物質(zhì)。,簡介：,用途：,硅肥能顯著增加土壤有效硅的含量，與重金屬結(jié)合成硅酸鹽化合物從而增加殘渣態(tài)重金屬的相對含量；同時硅可緩解重金屬對植物生理代謝的毒害，提高根系活力和抗性，抑制重金屬向上運(yùn)輸和轉(zhuǎn)移。,名稱：,沸石,是一種含水的堿金屬和堿土金屬的架狀鋁硅酸鹽礦物，由通過共用氧連結(jié)在一起的硅氧四面體和鋁氧四面體三維格架組成，具有疏松、多孔的結(jié)構(gòu)，白度極高。,簡介：,用途：,天然沸石具有較強(qiáng)的選擇吸附性能、離子交換性能和較大的吸附容量，在改良土壤方面有獨(dú)特的作用。有研究表明，沸石配以骨炭施入土壤中可有效降低土壤有效態(tài)重金屬含量，使輕度污染土壤上的蔬菜達(dá)到衛(wèi)生安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。,名稱：,木炭,是木材或木質(zhì)原料經(jīng)過不完全燃燒，或者在隔絕空氣的條件下熱解，所殘留的深褐色或黑色多孔物質(zhì)，具有大量的微孔和過渡孔。,簡介：,用途：,木炭作為改良劑，可以顯著提高土壤過氧化氫酶和酸性磷酸活性酶，并顯著提高土壤pH值，不同程度上可以提高土壤細(xì)菌和真菌的數(shù)量。,name:charcoal,Introduction:Is wood or wood raw material through the incomplete combustion, or in the air under the conditions of pyrolysis, the porous material, the remaining dark brown or black hole has a large number of microporous and transition,Application:Charcoal as modifier, can significantly improve soil catalase and acidic active enzyme phosphate, and significantly improve the soil pH value, different extent can increase the number of soil bacteria and fungi.,名稱：,乙二胺四乙酸,通常叫作EDTA，是一種有機(jī)化合物，分子式為C10H16N2O8，是一個六齒配體，可以螯合多種金屬離子。,簡介：,用途：,乙二胺四乙酸對土壤中各種金屬都有很強(qiáng)的螯合能力，對重金屬的去除效果明顯高于等量水平的水和陽離子表面活性劑。,Name:Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid,Introduction:Usually called EDTA is an organic compound, molecular formula for C10H16N2O8, is a hexadentate ligand, can chelate a variety of metal ions.,Application:Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid of various metals in the soil has strong chelating ability, the removal efficiency of heavy metal was obviously higher than that of the same level of cationic surfactant and water.,名稱：,乳酸乙酯,是一種有機(jī)化合物，分子式為C5H10O3，通常由乳酸和乙醇在硫酸存在的條件下酯化而得，無色液體，略有氣味，與水混溶，可混溶于醇、芳烴、酯、烴類、油類等有機(jī)溶劑。,簡介：,用途：,乳酸乙酯具有較強(qiáng)溶解能力、低毒以及很容易被生物降解等優(yōu)勢而被喻為“綠色溶劑”，同時還具有容易循環(huán)利用、防銹、無致癌性、對大氣層臭氧無破壞作用及比較便宜等特點(diǎn)，使之成為一種令人關(guān)注的用于土壤有機(jī)污染物提取的助溶劑。,Name:Ethyl lactate,Introduction:Is a kind of organic compounds, molecular formula for C5H10O3, usually by lactic acid and ethanol in the presence of sulfuric acid, esterification and, colorless liquid, slight odor, miscibility with water and can be mixed dissolve in alcohol, aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, hydrocarbons, oil and other organic solvents.,Application:Ethyl lactate has strong dissolving ability, low toxicity and is easy to the advantages of the biodegradable and described as green solvents, at the same time also is easy to recycle, rust, no carcinogenicity and no damage to the atmospheric ozone and cheaper etc, make it become a concern of latent solvent for extraction of soil organic pollutants.,名稱：,檸檬酸,又名枸櫞酸，是一種有機(jī)酸，分子式為C6H8O7，無色晶體，常含一分子結(jié)晶水，無臭，有很強(qiáng)的酸味，易溶于水。,簡介：,用途：,檸檬酸是容易獲得的具有一定還原性的天然有機(jī)酸，具有良好的生物降解性，可以化學(xué)方法制備，也可從植物中提取，價格較低廉。能夠有效增強(qiáng)土壤中重金屬的解析。,Name:Citric acid,Introduction:Also known as folic acid, is a kind of organic acid, molecular formula for C6H8O7, colorless crystals, often contain a molecular crystal water, odourless, has a strong acid, soluble in water.,Application:Citric acid is easy to obtain a certain natural organic acids, reducing has good biodegradability, can the chemical preparation methods, can also be extracted from plants, the price is relatively cheap.Can effectively enhance resolution of heavy metals in soil.,名稱：,酒石酸,是一種羧酸分子式為C4H6O6，存在于多種植物中如葡萄和羅望子，是一種重要的助劑和還原劑。,簡介：,用途：,酒石酸是容易獲得的具有一定還原性的天然有機(jī)酸，具有良好的生物降解性，可以化學(xué)方法制備，也可從植物中提取，價格較低廉。能夠有效增強(qiáng)土壤中重金屬的解析。,Name:Tartaric acid,Introduction:Is a kind of carboxylic acid, formula for C4H6O6, exists in various plants, such as grapes, and tamarind, is a kind of important auxiliary agent and reducing agent.,Application:Tartaric acid is easy to obtain a certain natural organic acids, reducing has good biodegradability, can the chemical preparation methods, can also be extracted from plants, the price is relatively cheap.Can effectively enhance resolution of heavy metals in soil.,名稱：,草酸,廣泛存在于植物源食品中，無色的柱狀晶體，易溶于水而不溶于乙醚等有機(jī)溶劑，具有很強(qiáng)的配合作用及還原性。,簡介：,用途：,草酸是容易獲得的具有一定還原性的天然有機(jī)酸，能夠有效增強(qiáng)土壤中重金屬的解析。,Name:Oxalic acid,Introduction:Widely exists in plant source of food, colorless columnar crystals, soluble in water and organic solvent such as insoluble in ethyl ether, has a strong role and reducibility.,Application:Oxalic acid is easy to obtain has certain natural organic acids, reducing effective resolution to the increase of heavy metals in soil.,名稱：,雙氧水,純過氧化氫是淡藍(lán)色的黏稠液體，可任意比例與水混合，是一種強(qiáng)氧化劑，水溶液俗稱雙氧水，為無色透明液體。在一般情況下會分解成水和氧氣，但分解速度極其慢。,簡介：,用途：,雙氧水曾作為氧源用于土壤生物修復(fù)以促進(jìn)微生物的生長，現(xiàn)被用作氧化劑處理土壤中的污染物。,Name:Hydrogen peroxide,Introduction:Pure hydrogen peroxide is pale blue sticky liquid, can be arbitrary proportion mixed with water, is a kind of strong oxidizer, aqueous solution, commonly known as hydrogen peroxide, colorless transparent liquid.In the general case will decompose into water and oxygen, but the decomposition speed is very slow.,Application:Hydrogen peroxide solution as oxygen source for the soil bioremediation to promote the growth of microorganisms, has been used as antioxidant treatment of pollutants in the soil.,名稱：,氫氧化鈉,一種具有高腐蝕性的強(qiáng)堿，一般為片狀或顆粒形態(tài)，易溶于水并形成堿性溶液。,簡介：,用途：,氫氧化鈉是一種提取液，能夠與土壤中的重金屬作用，形成溶解性的金屬-試劑絡(luò)合物，將重金屬從土壤中提取出來。,Name:Sodium hydroxide,Introduction:A highly corrosive strong alkali, generally to flake or granular form, soluble in water and alkaline solution is formed.,Application:Sodium hydroxide is a kind of extract, can with the effect of heavy metals in the soil, the formation of solubility of metal - reagent complex, heavy metals will be extracted from the soil.,名稱：,氯化鈣,由氯元素和鈣元素構(gòu)成的鹽，化學(xué)式為CaCl2。它是典型的離子型鹵化物，室溫下為白色固體。,簡介：,用途：,氯化鈣與鹽酸溶液是一種非常有效的淋洗劑，可去除污染土壤中的重金屬。,Name:Calcium chloride,Introduction:Composed of chlorine and calcium salt, chemical formula for CaCl2.It is a typical ionic halide, white solid at room temperature.,Application:With calcium chloride solution of hydrochloric acid is a kind of very effective to drench lotion, can remove the heavy metals in the soil.,名稱：,木質(zhì)素,是一種廣泛存在于植物體中的無定形的、分子結(jié)構(gòu)中含有氧代苯丙醇或其衍生物結(jié)構(gòu)單元的芳香性高聚物。,簡介：,用途：,木質(zhì)素是一種有機(jī)固定物質(zhì)，能夠與Zn、Pb、Hg等重金屬離子絡(luò)合，從而降低重金屬離子的遷移性，減少其污染。,Introduction:Is a widely exist in plants in the amorphous, molecular structure containing oxygen generation of phenyl propyl alcohol or its derivatives the aromaticity of polymer structure unit.,Name:lignin,Application:Lignin is a kind of organic material, fixed with zinc, Pb, Hg, such as heavy metal ions complexation, thus reduce the mobility of heavy metal ions, reduce its pollution.,名稱：,殼聚糖,這種天然高分子的生物官能性和相容性、血液相容性、安全性、微生物降解性等優(yōu)良性能。,簡介：,用途：,木質(zhì)素是一種有機(jī)固定物質(zhì)，能夠吸附Cd、Cr、Hg等重金屬離子，減少其污染。,name:chitosan,Introduction:The biological functions of natural polymer and compatibility and blood compatibility, security, microbial degradation and good performance,Application:Lignin is a kind of organic solid material, can adsorption of Cd, Cr, Hg, such as heavy metal ions, reduce its pollution.,名稱：,秸稈,是成熟農(nóng)作物莖葉（穗）部分的總稱。通常指小麥、水稻、玉米、薯類、油菜、棉花、甘蔗和其它農(nóng)作物（通常為粗糧）在收獲籽實(shí)后的剩余部分。,簡介：,用途：,秸稈作為一種有機(jī)物料，其加入到土壤中能改善土壤孔隙度，降低土壤容重、提高水分滲透率，增加有機(jī)質(zhì)含量，在腐解過程中產(chǎn)生的腐殖酸能與環(huán)境中的金屬離子、礦物質(zhì)、有毒活性污染物發(fā)生相互作用，從而改善土壤中的重金屬污染。,Name:straw,Introduction:Is a mature crops the floorboard of the stem (guangzhou) part.Usually refers to wheat, rice, corn, potato, rapeseed, cotton, sugar cane and other crops (usually in the form of coarse grains) in the rest of the seeds after harvest.,Application:Straw as a kind of organic material, its added to the soil can improve soil porosity, reduce soil bulk density, increase water penetration, increase content of organic matter, humic acid produced in the process of decay and environment of the metal ions, minerals, toxic active contaminants interact, so as to improve the soil heavy metal pollution.,名稱：,谷殼,谷殼又名稻子殼，稻谷外面的一層殼。,簡介：,用途：,谷殼中的纖維素與淀粉的結(jié)構(gòu)相似，以它為主要原料制備重金屬離子捕集劑亦具有原料豐富、產(chǎn)品成本低等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。,Name:chaff,Introduction:Chaff and rice hull, rice out of a shell.,Application:Chaff of the cellulose and starch structure similar to it as the main raw material preparation of heavy metal ion trapping agent also has advantages of abundant raw materials, low production cost.,名稱：,磷酸鐵,白色、灰白色單斜晶體粉末。在自然界中以藍(lán)鐵礦形式存在。多由鐵鹽溶液與磷酸鈉作用而得。,簡介：,用途：,化學(xué)固定法是一種廉價有效的修復(fù)方法,其關(guān)鍵在于尋找合適的固定劑,國內(nèi)外大量研究表明,含磷化合物可以有效修復(fù)重金屬污染土壤。,Name:Iron phosphate,Introduction:White, gray monoclinic crystal powder.In the form of blue iron ore in the nature.Much by iron salt solution and sodium phosphate.,Application:Chemical fixation method is a cheap and effective method to repair, the key is to find suitable fixative, a large number of studies have shown that both at home and abroad, can effectively repair the heavy metal pollution of soil phosphorus compounds.,名稱：,芬頓試劑,由亞鐵離子與過氧化氫組成的體系，也稱芬頓試劑，它能生成強(qiáng)氧化性的羥基自由基，在水溶液中與難降解有機(jī)物生成有機(jī)自由基使之結(jié)構(gòu)破壞，最終氧化分解。,簡介：,用途：,芬頓試劑能夠有效氧化降解土壤中的石油，其化學(xué)氧化不僅不會降低土壤中微生物的活性,而且可以提高后續(xù)生物修復(fù)的效率。,Name:Fenton reagent,Introduction:System composed of ferrous ions and hydrogen peroxide, also calls the fenton reagent, it can generate strong oxidizing hydroxyl radicals, and refractory organic compounds in aqueous solution to generate organic free radicals to structural damage, ultimately oxidative decomposition.,Application:Fenton reagent can effectively oxidation degradation of oil in the soil, the chemical oxidation will not reduce the soil microbial activity, but also can improve the efficiency of subsequent bioremediation.,名稱：,羥乙基替乙二胺三乙酸,化學(xué)式C10H18N2O7，熔點(diǎn)為160，水溶外觀為白色晶體，在常溫常壓下穩(wěn)定。高溫分解時放出NxOy、CO、N2、CO2等。,簡介：,用途：,可用于螯合金屬，對于大部分常見的金屬離子都有很強(qiáng)的鰲合作用。它最突出的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是在堿性溶液中能夠與Fe3+形成穩(wěn)定的鰲合鹽，亦能與稀土金屬形成穩(wěn)定的鰲合物。,Name:hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine triacetate,Introduction:Chemical formula C10H18N2O7, melting point is 160 , water soluble for white crystal appearance, stability under atmospheric pressure.Pyrolysis when released NxOy, CO, N2, CO2, etc.,Application:Chelating metal which can be used, for the most common metal ions has the very strong aojiang cooperation with.It is the most prominent advantage in alkaline solution and Fe3 + form stable rock salt, also can form a stable and rare earth metal rock compound.,名稱：,酵母菌,酵母是一些單細(xì)胞真菌，并非系統(tǒng)演化分類的單元。是子囊菌、擔(dān)子菌等幾科單細(xì)胞真菌的通稱，可用于釀造生產(chǎn)，有的為致病菌，是遺傳工程和細(xì)胞周期研究的模式生物。酵母菌在自然界分布廣泛，主要生長在偏酸性的潮濕的含糖環(huán)境中，而在釀酒中，它也十分重要。,簡介：,用途：,酵母菌對柴油有很好的降解作用,尤其對柴油中的直鏈烷烴有很好的降解效果。,Name:yeast,Introduction:Yeast is some single-celled fungus, not the system evolution classification unit.Be ascomycetes and basidiomycetes unicellular fungi known, can be used in the production, some for pathogenic bacteria, is genetic engineering and cell cycle model of biological research.Yeast are widely distributed in nature, mainly grows in the slant acid wet sugar environment, in the wine, it is also very important.,Application:The diesel oil has good degradation effect on yeast, especially for diesel of alkanes has good degradation effect.,名稱：,堆肥,作物莖稈、綠肥、雜草等植物性物質(zhì)與泥土、人糞尿、垃圾等混合堆置，經(jīng)好氣微生物分解而成的肥料。,簡介：,用途：,多作基肥，施用量大，可提供營養(yǎng)元素和改良土壤性狀，尤其對改良砂土、粘土和鹽漬土有較好效果。堆制方法，按原料的不同，分高溫堆肥和普通堆肥。,Name:compost,Introduction:Crop stalks, green manure, weeds and other vegetable matter mixed with soil and human waste, waste dumps, through aerobic microbial decomposition of fertili,Application:As basal, seems big, can provide nutrients and improve soil properties, especially for sand, clay and improved saline soil has a good effect.Composting method, according to the different raw materials, high temperature compost and ordinary compost.,名稱：,漚肥,作物莖稈、綠肥、雜草等植物性物質(zhì)與河、塘泥及人糞尿同置于積水坑中，經(jīng)微生物厭氧呼吸發(fā)酵而成的肥料。,簡介：,用途：,多作基肥，施用量大，可提供營養(yǎng)元素和改良土壤性狀，尤其對改良砂土、粘土和鹽漬土有較好效果。堆制方法，按原料的不同，分高溫堆肥和普通堆肥。,Name:Wet compost,Introduction:Crop stalks, green manure, weeds and other vegetable matter with river, pond sludge and human waste into water pit, the microbial anaerobic respiration and fermentation of fertilizer.,Application:As basal, seems big, can provide nutrients and improve soil properties, especially for sand, clay and improved saline soil has a good effect.Composting method, according to the different raw materials, high temperature compost and ordinary compost.,名稱：,沼氣肥,作物秸稈、青草和人糞尿等在沼氣池中經(jīng)微生物發(fā)酵制取沼氣后的殘留物。,簡介：,用途：,富含有機(jī)質(zhì)和必需的營養(yǎng)元素。沼氣發(fā)酵慢，有機(jī)質(zhì)消耗較少，氮、磷、鉀損失少，氮素回收率達(dá)95%、鉀在90%以上。沼氣水肥作旱地追肥；渣肥作水田基肥，若作旱地基肥施后應(yīng)復(fù)土。,Name:The biogas fertilizer,Introduction:Crop straw, grass and human waste in the pool after preparing integrated by microbial fermentation biogas residue.,Application:Rich in organic matter and essential nutrients.Biogas fermentation slow, less consumption of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium loss, less nitrogen recovery rate of 95%, potassium in more than 90%.Biogas fertilizer for dryland fertilizer;Slag fertilizer for paddy field basal, if dry land should be the complex soil after basal application.,名稱：,生活垃圾,比如餐廚垃圾等。,簡介：,用途：,能在土壤中分解，轉(zhuǎn)化形成各種腐殖酸物質(zhì)。能促進(jìn)植物體內(nèi)的酶活性、物質(zhì)的合成、運(yùn)輸和積累。,Name:Living garbage,Introduction:Such as eat hutch garbage, etc.,Application:Can decompose in the soil, the formation of various sorts of humic acid substances.Can promote the plant enzyme activity, the material of the synthesis, transport and accum,名稱：,皂角苷,又稱堿皂體，皂素，皂甙，皂角苷或皂草苷。苷類的一種。能形成水溶液或膠體溶液并能形成肥皂狀泡沫的植物糖苷統(tǒng)稱。是由皂苷元和糖、糖醛酸或其他有機(jī)酸組成的。,簡介：,用途：,皂角苷是修復(fù)土壤中重金屬常用的化學(xué)試劑，皂角苷與重金屬可形成穩(wěn)定的可溶性絡(luò)合物,大大降低了土壤對重金屬的吸附，從而降低了土壤中重金屬的毒性和生物可利用性，表明皂角苷對土壤中重金屬具有較好的淋洗去除效果.。,Name：saponinssaponins,Introduction:Also known as the alkali soap body, saponin, saponins, saponins or soap grass glycosides.One of the types of glycosides.Can form or colloidal solution and aqueous solution can form soap bubble plants indican collectively.Is made up of saponins and sugar, uronic acid and other organic acids.,Application:Saponins is commonly used to repair of heavy metals in soil chemical reagent, saponins and heavy metals can form stable complex, greatly reduces the soil adsorption of heavy metals, reducing the toxicity of heavy metals in soil and biological availability, showed that saponins of removing heavy metals in soil has good leaching.,名稱：,赤泥,一般含氧化鐵量大，外觀與赤色泥土相似，因而得名。赤泥的主要礦物為文石和方解石，含量為60%65%，其次是蛋白石、三水鋁石、針鐵礦。,簡介：,用途：,赤泥修復(fù)材料不僅保留了赤泥原料較強(qiáng)的吸附性能,也能有效促進(jìn)污染土壤中各形態(tài)重金屬持續(xù)向穩(wěn)定的殘渣態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化。,Name：Red mud,Introduction:Containing large amount of iron oxide, appearance similar to red mud, thus its name.Red mud of main mineral is calcite and aragonite, content is 60% 60%, followed by opal, sanshui diaspore, goethite.,Application:Red mud repair materials not only retain the red mud raw materials strong adsorption performance, can effectively promote the form of heavy metals from contaminated soil to stable residual state.,名稱：,根瘤菌,與豆科植物共生，形成根瘤并固定空氣中的氮?dú)夤┲参餇I養(yǎng)的一類桿狀細(xì)菌。,簡介：,用途：,根瘤菌對重金屬具有很強(qiáng)的吸附能力，對生態(tài)修復(fù)起到良好作用，可以削減重金屬的生物有效性，從而減輕對植物體的損傷。,Name:rhizobia,Introduction:Symbiosis with leguminous plants, forming nodules and fix nitrogen in the atmosphere for a class of plant nutrition rod-shaped bacteria.,Application:Rhizobia on heavy metal has a strong adsorption ability, have a good effect on ecological restoration, can cut down the biological effectiveness of heavy metal, so as to reduce damage to the plant body.,名稱：,硫酸鹽還原菌,硫酸鹽還原菌 (簡稱SRB) 是一種厭氧的微生物。廣泛存在于土壤、海水、河水、地下管道以及油氣井等缺氧環(huán)境中。,簡介：,用途：,硫酸鹽還原菌在無氧或極少氧情況下，能利用金屬表面的有機(jī)物作為碳源，并利用細(xì)菌生物膜內(nèi)產(chǎn)生的氫，將硫酸鹽還原成硫化氫，從氧化還原反應(yīng)中獲得生存的能量。,Name：Sulfate reducing bacteria,Introduction:Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) is a kind of anaerobic microbe.Widely exist in soil, water, river water, underground pipes and anoxic environments, such as oil and g,Appli