倒裝句用法小結(jié).docx

倒裝句的用法小結(jié)英語(yǔ)的正常語(yǔ)序是主語(yǔ)在前謂語(yǔ)在后，但有時(shí)處于語(yǔ)法或達(dá)到某種修辭目的如強(qiáng)調(diào)、承上啟下、平衡等需要，要把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)的前面，這種語(yǔ)序稱作倒裝（Invered Order）。可分為完全倒裝和部分倒裝。完全倒裝是指將整個(gè)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)之前。而部分倒裝是指將部分的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞即助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和be動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)的前面，而謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的其他部分任置于主語(yǔ)之后。一、使用完全倒裝的情況1There be / come / live / stand /exist / lie / go /等結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：Then there came a knock at the door.There stands a temple on the top of the mountain.There lies a lake near my village.2表示地點(diǎn)、方向、時(shí)間的副詞如here / out / in / up / down / back / off / away / now / then謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的不及物動(dòng)詞如go / come / leave / move / rust / jump等如：There goes the bell.Look! Here come his parents.Now comes your turn.Then came the news that we won the game.Out rushed the students. 但 Out they rushed.注意：（1）主語(yǔ)為人稱代詞時(shí)不倒裝。 （2）注意主謂一致。（使用還原法將倒裝句還原） （3）Here / there / now這三個(gè)副詞引起的句子中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。3表地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí) 如：Along the road came a great many tourist. On the top of the mountain stands a temple. On the wall are two pictures.4為了保持句子平衡、銜接得當(dāng)或強(qiáng)調(diào)表語(yǔ)，而把介詞短語(yǔ)或形容詞置于句首。 如：Present at the party were some stars who wanted to raise money for disaster zones. Gone are the days when the Chinese people used foreign oil.5在表祝愿的句子中。 如：Long live our friendship.二、使用部分倒裝的情況。1only + 狀語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)。如：Only in this way can you learn English well.Only then did he realize his mistake.Only after they discussed the matter for hours did they reach a decision.注意：（1）only + 主語(yǔ)時(shí)不倒裝。 如： Only he knows the answer.（2）only + 狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，主句倒裝從句不倒裝。（3）在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中不用倒裝。如：It was only after they discussed the matter for hours that they reached a decision.2具有否定意義的副詞或短語(yǔ)置于句首作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)。如never / seldom / little / few / not / nowhere / hardly / rarely / scarcely / not until / not since / hardly when / no sooner than / by no means / in no time / at no time / under no circumstances等。如：Not a single word did he say at the meeting.Nowhere else in the world can you find a better man than Tom.Seldom have I heard from him recently.注意：（1）Not until放在句首時(shí)要部分倒裝（在復(fù)合句中主句倒裝，而until引導(dǎo)的從句不倒裝），放在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中不用倒裝。如：Not until he came to Beijing did he begin to learn English. -It was not until he came to Beijing that he began to learn English.（2）將hardly / no sooner置于句首時(shí)要部分倒裝；注意搭配；注意時(shí)態(tài)。 Hardly had sb. done sth. when sb. did sth. / No sooner had sb. done sth. than sb. did sth.（3）not onlybut(also)位于句首引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，not only引導(dǎo)的句子要部分倒裝，but(also)引導(dǎo)的句子不倒裝。如：Not only was the wallet found, but also the thief was caught.3以so / neither / nor 開頭的句子說明前面的內(nèi)容也適用于后者時(shí)“也/不是這樣/如此” 肯定句：so + 助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ) 否定句：neither + 助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be 動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ)如：He didnt attend the meeting, neither did Tom.I wonder if she will go to the ball. If she does, so will I.注意：（1）so + 主語(yǔ) + 助動(dòng)詞 / 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 / be 動(dòng)詞，表示“的確如此”，表贊同對(duì)方的觀點(diǎn)和看法。-Tom works hard. So he does, and so do you. （2）但當(dāng)前面的兩個(gè)句子一肯一否或一個(gè)主語(yǔ)是人一個(gè)是物或兩個(gè)句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不一致時(shí)，不能用so / neither / nor + 助動(dòng)詞/ 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 / be動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)，但可以用It is the same with sb. 或So it is with sb.來(lái)表達(dá)。如：-Tom likes singing, but he doesnt like dancing. So it is with Mary.4So / such that 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句表示“如此以致于”時(shí)，如果將so/ such及其所修飾部分提到句首時(shí)。如：So difficult did I find it to work out the problem that I decided to ask him for advice.Such a good one was his idea that we all agree to use it.5在if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句表非真實(shí)語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，如果從句中使用了had / should / were可將if省略并將助動(dòng)詞提到句首。如：Should you be fired, your health care and other benefit will not be immediately cut off.Were it not for the fact that he cant sing, I would invite him to the party.6as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句表“盡管”時(shí)，要將表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞原形提到句首。如：Child as he is, he knows a lot.Strange as it might sound, it is true.Try as he might, he couldnt reach