英語(yǔ)必修5外研版Module 6精品教案(4).doc

英語(yǔ)必修5外研版Module 6精品教案（4）Module 6Animals in DangerPeriod-4 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句一、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞1引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的常用關(guān)系詞的用法 關(guān)系詞指代對(duì)象在從句中所作成分關(guān)系代詞who指人主、賓、表whom指人賓which指物主、賓、表that既指人又指物主、賓、表whose既指人又指物定as既指人又指物主、賓、表關(guān)系副詞when指時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where指地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)why指原因原因狀語(yǔ)There are occasions when(on which) one had to yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born.北京是我出生的地方。2定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞的選用方法一：用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如果是及物動(dòng)詞，就要用關(guān)系代詞；如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，則要用關(guān)系副詞。This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.這是我去年待過(guò)的山村。方法二：準(zhǔn)確判斷關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中所作的成分(主、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞(who，whom，that，which，whose)；關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞(where作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，when作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，why作原因狀語(yǔ))。3that和which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別that和which都是關(guān)系代詞，都可在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，但兩者存在著不同：用that不用which的情況先行詞是all, much, few, little, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代詞時(shí)先行詞被all，few，little，much，every, some，no等詞修飾或被the only，the very, the same，the last等限定詞修飾時(shí)先行詞是形容詞的最高級(jí)或先行詞前有形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或其前有序數(shù)詞對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾時(shí)先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)主句是who或which等引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)用which不用that的情況在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中用which不用that介詞后邊用which不用thatWe should do everything that is useful to the people.我們應(yīng)該做一切有益于人民的事。When we talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes into our mind is the West Lake.我們談?wù)摵贾輹r(shí)，首先想到的是西湖。This is the smallest computer that can be found in the world now.這是目前發(fā)現(xiàn)的世界上最小的計(jì)算機(jī)。二、“介詞十關(guān)系代詞”的用法1“介詞十關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的確定方法。(1)根據(jù)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或主要的形容詞確定介詞。The witness to whom the policemen referred was killed last night.警察所提到的那個(gè)目擊證人昨晚被殺了。(2)根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句修飾的先行詞確定介詞。I dont know the reason for which he was late for school.我不知道他為何上學(xué)遲到。(3)根據(jù)句子所要表達(dá)的意思確定介詞。This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.這就是那位救了我兒子的飛行員。2“介詞十關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中的關(guān)系代詞通常用which或whom，不用that。Ill never forget the day on which I joined the army.我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了我參軍的那一天。This is the pencil with which I draw pictures.這是我畫畫用的那支鉛筆。3關(guān)系副詞where，when，why可替換成“介詞which”，介詞取決于先行詞及介詞which在從句中的作用。why只可替換for which。This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.這就是兩年前我居住的那個(gè)房子。4“不定代詞或數(shù)詞介詞which/whom”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明整體中的部分。Last week, only two people came to look at the house, neither of whom wanted to buy it.上周只有兩個(gè)人來(lái)看房子，他們兩個(gè)人都不想買。5“the名詞of which”或“of whichthe名詞”可替換“whose名詞”，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。The house the windows of which/of which the windows were damaged has now been repaired.窗子遭破壞的那所房子現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)修好了。三、限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別如下：限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞的關(guān)系密切(刪除后影響整個(gè)句子意義的表達(dá))和先行詞關(guān)系不密切(起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用，刪掉后不影響整個(gè)句子意思的表達(dá))不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)一般用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)可用that、which引導(dǎo)不可以用that引導(dǎo)，只能用which只可以修飾先行詞，不可以修飾主句或主句的一部分既可以修飾先行詞，也可以修飾主句或主句的一部分The Great Wall is one of the buildings that Chinese people are proud of.長(zhǎng)城是中國(guó)人為之驕傲的建筑之一。(限制性定語(yǔ)從句)Yesterday I met Mary, who looked very tired.昨天我遇到了瑪麗，她看上去很累。(非限制性定語(yǔ)從句)四、as/which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，修飾整句話或整件事位置較靈活，可置于所修飾的句子前面、插在句子中或放在句子后一般譯為“正如，就像”which修飾主句或主句的一部分定語(yǔ)從句只置于所修飾的句子后一般譯為“結(jié)果”As we all know, smoking is harmful to health.我們都知道，吸煙有害健康。He finished the task ahead of time, which is very important to us.他提前完成了任務(wù)，這對(duì)我們很重要。當(dāng)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句放在主句前面時(shí)，只能用as。As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.The moon travels round the earth once every month, as/which is known to everybody.It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.眾所周知，月亮每月繞地球轉(zhuǎn)一圈。(后兩句屬于名詞性從句范疇)五、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞有where，when，why，在定語(yǔ)從句中代替先行詞作狀語(yǔ)，常可用“介詞which”代替。1where指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。Bamboo grows well in the place where it is warm and wet all the year.竹子在一年四季都溫暖潮濕的地方生長(zhǎng)得好。2when指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。I often thought of my childhood when I lived on a farm.我經(jīng)?；叵肫鹞业耐?，那時(shí)我住在一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)里。3why指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。There are several reasons why we cant do that.(whyfor which)我們不那樣做有好幾個(gè)理由。【提示】situation，case，point，stage等表示“情況，方面”的名詞后可接where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。I think youve got to the point where a change is needed，otherwise youll fail.我認(rèn)為你已經(jīng)到了應(yīng)該有個(gè)改變的地步了，否則你會(huì)失敗。六、正確選用關(guān)系詞的依據(jù)1弄清關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞帧Ｈ绻刃性~在從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，就用that，which，who，whom引導(dǎo)。如果先行詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，就用where，when，why引導(dǎo)，此時(shí)，這些引導(dǎo)詞可用相應(yīng)的介詞加which替換。2辨別先行詞表示的是人、物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)還是原因等。3判斷從句是限制性的還是非限制性的?！咎崾尽坑袝r(shí)為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，先行詞同定語(yǔ)從句之間被隔開(kāi)，形成分隔定語(yǔ)從句，應(yīng)注意識(shí)別。(對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書第87頁(yè)).單項(xiàng)填空1(2012安徽高考)A lot of language learning， has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.AasBitCwhich DThis【解析】如果選擇B或D 就出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)句子了。本題考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系代詞指整個(gè)一句話A lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life。as用在句首、句中或句末，which用在句末，正確答案應(yīng)該是A。【答案】A2(2012北京高考) When deeply absorbed in work， he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.Athat BwhichCwhere Dwhen【解析】考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，which作表語(yǔ)，表示的就是前面整個(gè)句子的意思。句意：當(dāng)沉下心工作后，他經(jīng)常這樣，他會(huì)忘了吃飯和睡覺(jué)?！敬鸢浮緽3(2012福建高考)The air quality in the city， is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.Athat BitCas Dwhat【解析】本題考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。本句難點(diǎn)是把定語(yǔ)從句分割出來(lái)放在句首就很明了了，把句子轉(zhuǎn)換成 is shown in the report, the air quality in the city has improved over the past two months.就能直接看到非限制性定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞放句首指的是下文所提到的一句話，用as引導(dǎo)“正如報(bào)告中所寫的那樣”?！敬鸢浮緾4(2012湖南高考)Care of the soul is a gradual process even the small details of life should be considered.Awhat Bin whatCwhich Din which【解析】句意：心靈的護(hù)理是一個(gè)逐漸的過(guò)程，在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，甚至生活中那些微小的細(xì)節(jié)都應(yīng)該加以考慮。in which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，which代前面的process?！敬鸢浮緿5(2012山東高考)Maria has written two novels, both of have been made into television series.Athem Bthat Cwhich Dwhat【解析】考查“介詞which”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。句中的先行詞是two novels，而且后面是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，因此用both of which引導(dǎo)。that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也不能跟在介詞后面；如果選them，則前面需要有并列連詞and或者是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，即both of them made into.。【答案】C.用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞填空1The child answered the question was John.2The book you lent me was interesting.3Thank you for the help you have given me.4I cant see the reason she looks unhappy today.5You may take any book you like.6The astronaut you met in my house is going to give us a report.7The biggest city I have ever been to is Shanghai.8All the books， had pictures in them, were sent to the little girl.9The house he lives now was once a museum.10I remember the day she first came to our class.【答案】1.who/that2.that/which3.that/which4.why5.that6.who/whom/that7.that8.which9.where10.when一、掌握了多少詞匯 二、背會(huì)了幾個(gè)句型 三、語(yǔ)法的掌握程度較好()一般()較差()四、自己的不足 【瞭望高考】閱讀理解。Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers. Brain-computer interface(BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.Recently, two researchers, Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic school in Lausanne, Switzerland, demonstrated（展示）a small robotic wheelchair directed by a persons thoughts.In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right band. He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.“our brain has billions of nerve ceils. These send signals through the spinal cord （脊髓）to the muscles to give us the ability to move. But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles,” Tavella says. “Our system allows disabled people to communicate with external world and also to control devices.”The researchers designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(頭皮) and sends them to a computer. The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair. The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. They help the computer react to commands from the brain. Prof. Millan, the team leader, says scientists keep improving the computer software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands. “The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories: communication, and controlling devices. One example is this wheelchair.”He says his team has set two goals. One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit front. And the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time.1.BCI is a technology that can A. help to update computer systems B. link the human brain with computersC. help the disabled to recove