2014高考英語考試大綱_核心詞匯.doc

2014完形高分策略（Skills of Cloze Tests）（課時15）一、高考完形填空命題趨勢選材特點: 以記敘文為主, 多以記敘文和夾敘夾意為主命題特點: (1) 設空特點: 名詞 動詞(5-8個)為主 (2) 考點層次分三部: 里邊層次：(語篇層次30%以上)體現了突出語篇的命題思路句子層次：(占70%左右)單詞層次：(只須讀懂單詞所在句子就能做,分數較少) (3)考查重點: 短文第一句不設問.高考完形填空題型特點1. 以敘為主, 敘議結合; 2. 篇章短小, 意義完整;3. 首句完整, 主題明確;4. 結構清晰, 層次分明;5. 考查語境, 側重辨析;6. 實詞為主, 虛詞為輔;7. 邏輯推理, 隱于語篇;8. 常識語法, 每年出現。完型填空 之能力訓練目標：1.詞語辨析能力2.語法結構分析能力3.語篇理解能力4.邏輯推理能力5.文化背景透析能力6.作者意圖剖析能力8.生活常識綜合運用能力二、考生易失分之處：1、忽視行文邏輯，斷章取義，就題論題。2、脫離語境，濫用固定搭配。3、缺乏必要的生活常識和不了解中西文化的差異。做題三忌：v 急于求成，未通讀全文便忙于答題，不了解文意，無整體概念邊讀邊填，兩眼忙于空白與選項之間，欲速則不達。v 只摳字眼，語法，不顧文意，抓不住關鍵。v 斷章取義，就題論題，不管前后聯(lián)系，互不照應，前后矛盾。三、做題三步法方法：四、巧解完形填空高分技巧1、研究首尾找主題2、上下聯(lián)系尋信息3、左顧右盼找搭配4、思前想后覓邏輯5、語境分析辨詞義6、集中精力破難題7、回讀檢查補漏洞1、提高閱讀能力（速度、理解）2、打好語法基礎 （固定搭配）3、擴充詞匯量（動詞、名詞）4、增長生活常識，培養(yǎng)廣泛的興趣愛好5、多做多練，以提高實戰(zhàn)能力How to get high scores？1. 正確的答題步驟2. 必要的答題技巧3. 適量的實踐訓練九大方法巧解完形一、利用首句來解題，根據全文來選擇 I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was 36 and when I was 14 he said, “Youre never going to be 37(anything) but a failure. ”A. brightB. useless C. simple D. hopeful二、根據上下文語境，合理推斷來解題Our father was a struggling lawyer, but I always knew he was 37 . He never criticized us, but used 38 to bring out our best. 37.A. strictB. honest C. special D. learned 38. A. help B. peace C. smile D. praisePractice： His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. Although his family often 43 about that, Ed refused to buy a 44 T-shirt or to lose weight. 43. A. cared B. forgot C. quarreled D. joked 44. A. clean B. straight C. larger D. darker三、利用語篇標志解題（三找）常見的標志性的詞語有以下幾種：結構層次:firstly, secondly, thirdly；邏輯關系：thus, therefore, so；遞進關系：besides, whats more, further;轉折關系：but, while, however, on the other hand等。She told the front-desk clerk she had had a(n) 41 vacation, but was heart-broken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet developed. A. disappointing B. wonderful C. uncomfortable D. important1、找邏輯關系題（轉折、讓步、解釋、對立、因果、并列、總分、遞進）2、找NOT題（在原文中找not）句式結構：前面肯定后面否定、前面否定后面肯定，則選對立關系的詞?？键c：（以下條件缺一不可）考查的是一個肯定句和否定句之間的邏輯關系，空前后必須是獨立的句子；出題位置在兩個句子之間或第二個句子的開頭，不能處在一個句子的末尾或中間；選項中必須要有對立關系的詞。3、找AND題（在原文中找and）考點：and前后選同義詞，詞性一致；and前后選同一范圍詞；and前后句子對應成分相同；在文章中，并列關系詞前后如果出題，利用已知關系解題。3、找同現復現原則Liumei is among the _22_ ones. The Chinese University of Hong Kong granted (答應給）Liu a full scholarship - HK$500,000. Not all students are so fortunate. 22. A. poor B. smart C. lucky D. silent Friendship is one of the permanent themes in the literature of all language. Some of us like _2_ friends while others like different friends. Personally I prefer both. Having similar friends has many advantages. 2. A. true B. right C. same D. similar四、根據邏輯推理解題and the officers then began to eat their meal , saying that the mushrooms had a very strange_quite pleasant taste.A. besides B. but C. and D. or 五、根據常識和文化背景的角度來選擇The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world. 36(Owning) springs and streams sometimes means control , particularly in the 37 areas like the desert. Adry Bdistant Cdeserted Dwild 六、從語法角度來解題I went into a caf and asked for a coffee . 21I was waiting for my drink, I realized that there were other people in the place , but I sensed 22 (loneliness). ABefore BSince CAlthough DWhileHave you ever shouted at a teacher, told someone you were lonely, or said you were in love, and then 23 later you had kept your mouth shut?23. A. wished B. hoped C. blamed D. shared解題思路：利用語法分析解題，選項中的動詞都是過去式，其后句賓語從句had kept是過去完成時，故判斷是虛擬。七、從慣用法和固定搭配方面來解題 1) He was only fourteen and was not good at swimming_1_.So he shouldnt have gone into that place. 1.A.after all B. in all C.at all D. for all八、從詞語辨析的角度來解題When, two weeks later, I 38 this same boy, I was more aware of my position in Nigerian society. I should 9(enjoy) this country as the son of a minister.A. ran after B. ran into C. ran over D. ran to 九、同義近義復現來解題I believe that a mixture of friends is equally advantageous. One can _7_ from various sorts of friends in three aspects. First, frequent contacts with different friends broaden my world outlooks. Just as various kinds of nutriments keep you healthy, making a _8_ of friends keep you lively. Secondly, I have found that different friends can not only lead to new adventures but also show me new avenues to success in life. 7. A. obtain B. benefit C. suffer D. earn8. A. range B. series C. quantity D. variety完型填空實戰(zhàn)四招：抓首抓住首句,預測全文。完形填空所選短文多沒有標題,但一般首句是一個不設空(或較簡單)的完整的句子,往往用以點明短文的體裁,如議論、說明或敘述等。因此,我們在解題時一定要注意以首句的時態(tài)、語態(tài)及表述方式為立足點來進行邏輯思維,判斷文章體裁,找出文章中心。捕眼捕捉題眼,尋找契機所謂“題眼”,就是指那些在短文中起重要作用的關鍵詞以及能夠幫助我們解決問題問題的特定的語境。捕捉題眼,就是要迅速找到語篇中的特殊的內在聯(lián)系那些表示因果、遞進、轉折、指代等意義的連接詞及動詞、形容詞、副詞、同位語等,還有那些明確具體的事實(如時間、地點、人物、形狀、色彩、順序),以及它們之間的關系等。跳身避難就易,節(jié)省時間在解題過程中,我們應該遵循“先易后難”的原則,遇到少數疑難問題時不可徘徊不前。為了不影響做題速度,我們可以暫時跳過難點,去解決那些靠上下文能確定的、比較直接具體的問題?；蛟S在上文中難以判斷的題在下文中就有暗示或明確的表示,或許一個在前面不能解的題在填出了另一空后會令你豁然開朗。一般說來,固定詞組、習慣搭配、常見句型及明顯的語法結構等易于判斷。掃尾復讀全文,解決殘敵到了這時,借助已經補全的空白,我們應該對全文有了更清楚的理解,可以集中解決所遺留的少數疑難問題,如采用排除法逐步縮小包圍圈等方法。對于實在無從下手的個別題目,我們則完全可以憑語感來確定：把幾個選項逐一放在空格內念兩遍,哪個念起來順口、舒服就選哪個。注意：憑語感選定的答案不要輕易改動,因為最初的感覺很可能是正確的。在各空都已填出后,再復讀全文。我們必須重視這最后的彌補疏漏,改正錯誤的掃尾機會,以爭取最好成績。真題實戰(zhàn)演練（2011全國新課標卷）完形填空（ 共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分 ） In our discussion with people on how education can help them succeed in life, a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory_36_（同義復現）course about 20 years ago.（記敘文，回憶、人物、時間、事件education） The professor _37_the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans（豆）, and invited the students to _38_（同義復現）how many beans the jar contained. After _39_shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the _40_ answer,（與前面wrong 相對應）and went on saying, ”You have just _41_an important lesson about science. That is: Never_42_ your own senses.” Twenty years later, the _43_（上文提到的人物）could guess what the professor had in mind. He _44_himself, perhaps,as inviting his students to start an exciting _45_(概括的是答案)into an unknown world invisible（無形的）to the 46 ,which can be discovered only through scientific 47 .But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or順接關系）even 48 the invitation. She was just 49 to understand the world. And she 50 that her firsthand experience could be the 51 .The professor, however, 與小女孩的觀點相反的said that it was 52（與51相對）.he was taking away her only 53 for knowing and was providing her with no substitute. “I remember feeling small and 54 ,”（找and）the women says, “and I did the only thing I could do. I 55 the course that afternoon, and I havent gone near science since.”（找否定詞）36A. artB. historyC. scienceD. math37A. searched fo B. looked atC. got throughD. marched into38A. countB. guessC. reportD. watch39A. warningB. givingC. turning awayD. listening to40A. readyB. possibleC. correctD. difficult41A. learnedB. preparedC. taughtD. taken42A. loseB. trustC. sharpenD. show43A. lecturerB. scientistC. speakerD. woman44A. describedB. respectedC. sawD. served45A. voyageB. movementC. changeD. rush46. A. professor B. eye C. knowledge D. light47. A. model B. senses C. spirit D. methods48. A. hear B. make C. present D. refuse49. A. suggesting B. beginning C. pretending D. waiting50. A. believed B. doubted C. proved D. explained51. A. growth B. strength C. faith D. truth52. A. firm B. interesting C. wrong D. acceptable53. A. task B. tool C. success D. connection54. A. cruel B. proud C. frightened D. brave55. A. dropped B. started C. passed D. missed【要點綜述】本文是記敘文。二十年前，在第一節(jié)理科實驗課上，一位教授做了一個實驗，這個實驗告訴學生們，不要相信自己的判斷。正是這個實驗讓一位婦女以后遠離了理科。36. C 聯(lián)系下文an important lesson about science我們知道，這是一節(jié)理科實驗課。37. D 從空后的placed upon his desk a large jar filled with我們可以知道，老師走進了教室。38. B 聯(lián)系空后的how many beans the jar contained我們可以知道，教授讓學生們猜一下，這個壇子能裝多少豆子。39. D 聯(lián)系空后的shouts of wildly wrong guesses我們知道，學生們喊出了各種錯誤的推測，教授聽了他們喊出的答案。40. C 聯(lián)系空前的announced和空后的answer我們知道，教授向學生們公布了正確答案。41. A 聯(lián)系空后的an important lesson about science我們知道，教授認為他們學到了一堂非常重要的理科課程。42. B 學生們的推測都是錯誤的，因此教授說，“不要相信你們的意識?！?3. D 聯(lián)系下文But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept我們知道，這個婦女能夠推測教授心里是怎么想的。44. C 前文有提示：The professor 37 (marched into) the lecture hall，由此我們可以得出答案。45. A 聯(lián)系空后的into the unknown world我們知道，教授的目的是帶學生們進行一次激動人心的知識旅行。46. B 聯(lián)系后文which can be discovered only through scientific 47 (method)我們知道，這個世界是眼睛看不到的，只有通過科學方法才可以看到。 47. D 聯(lián)系前文的invisible to the eye我們知道，這個世界只有通過科學的方法才可以看到。48. A 聯(lián)系空前的could not accept我們知道，她不能接受，甚至聽到這個邀請。or在這里表達前后為順接關系，因此其他選項可以排除。49. B 聯(lián)系前文的the seventeen-year-old girl我們可以推斷，這個小女孩年齡很小，只是剛剛開始認識這個世界。50. A 空后的her firsthand experience could be the 51 (truth)是她的認識，因此我們選believed。51. D 聯(lián)系前文我們知道，教授想告訴學生的是第一手經驗并不一定是事情的真相，我們要通過科學實驗來驗證真相，但是小女孩的想法與之相反。52. C 聯(lián)系前文我們可以知道，教授認為小女孩認識世界的方式是錯誤的。53. B 顯然空前提到的her first-hand experience就是她認識世界的工具。54. C 聯(lián)系下文的havent gone near science since我們知道，她對理科產生了恐懼。55. A 聯(lián)系空后的havent gone near science since我們知道，那天下午她就放棄了理科。D有一定干擾性，miss意思是“錯過”，因此可以排除。高考英語完型填空實戰(zhàn)演練二 （ 共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分 ）Sometimes people call each other “scared-cat”, but have you ever thought about this expression? When a cat is frightened, its heart starts beating faster, its muscles get tense, and there are changes in the chemicals in its blood- stream.Although the cat doesnt 16 this, its body is getting ready for action.If the danger continues, this animal will do one of the two things. It will 17 itself, or it will run away as fast as it can. 18 , when people are excited, angry, scared, or aroused by other emotions, our bodies also go through many 19 changes. Our hearts beat faster, and our muscles get tense. All of these changes make us more alert and ready to react. We, too, get ready to defend ourselves 20 run.Human beings, 21 , have a problem that animals never face. If we give way to our feelings and let them 22 , we can get into trouble. Have you ever said something in anger, or hit somebody and regretted it later? Have you ever shouted at a teacher, told someone you were lonely, or said you were in love, and then 23 later you had kept your mouth shut? It isnt always 24 to express your feelings freely.Does this mean that its smarter always to 25 our feelings? No! If you 26 feelings of anger, sadness, and bitterness hidden away or bottled up inside, your body stays 27 . Physical illnesses can develop. It can actually be 28 for your health.Feelings that you keep all bottled up inside, dont just 29 . Its like you bought some bananas and stuck them in a cupboard. You might not be able to see them, but 30 youd smell them. And if you opened the cupboard, youd 31 little fruit flies hovering (盤旋) all over them. Theyd be rotten.You can try to treat emotions 32 they were bananas in the cupboard. You can 33 they dont exist, but theyll still be 34 . And at last youll have to 35 them. Just like those bananas.16. A. mind B. admit C. realize D. remember17. A. save B. help C. defend D. hide18. A. Truly B. Frequently C. Similarly D. Differently19. A. chemical B. physical C. health D. ill20. A. and B. or C. but D. yet21. A. therefore B. but C. besides D. however22. A. take off B. take on C. take over D. take up23. A. wished B. hoped C. blamed D. shared24. A. useful B. right C. easy D. wise25. A. handle B. hurt C. hide D. prevent26. A. keep B. find C. control D. let27. A. relaxed B. tense C. same D. different28. A. good B. harmful C. helpful D. useful29. A. go away B. go on C. go up D. go out30. A. long before B. as usual C. before long D. right away31. A. meet B. observe C. catch D. see32. A. as if B. just as C. just after D. even though33. A. pretend B. expect C. decide D. assume34. A. in B. around C. over D. beyond35. A. eat up B. deal with C. throw away D. send outSometimes people call each other “scared-cat”, but have you ever thought about this expression? When a cat is frightened, its heart starts beating faster, its muscles get tense, and there are changes in the chemicals in its blood- stream.Although the cat doesnt 16 this, its body is getting ready for action.If the danger continues, this animal will do one of the two things. It will 17 itself, or it will run away as fast as it can.16. A. mind B. admit C. realize D. remember解題思路：題眼法代入法捕捉題眼，尋找契機：所謂“題眼”就是解題線索，就是那些原句中出現的、對解題起重要暗示作用的關鍵詞。找準關鍵詞語,有時題干中帶有對解題起著關鍵作用的詞語，如果能迅速找準這些詞語，再結合各選項的意義和特點，就能很快選出正確答案。17. A. save B. help C. defend D. hide解題思路：沒有同義復現或固定搭配，考慮概括的是解。并列結構法: 根據文章中表示并列關系的連詞或副詞如:and/also/or或逗號“，”等，它們的提點是and前后的成分結構相似，意義相關，再做出準確判斷。 18 , when people are excited, angry, scared, or aroused by other emotions, our bodies also go through many 19 changes. Our hearts beat faster, and our muscles get tense. All of these changes make us more alert and ready to react. We, too, get ready to defend ourselves 20 run. 18. A. Truly B. Frequently C. Similarly D. Differently解題思路：前后呼應法代入法前后呼應法：做完形填空要始終抓住文章本身，聯(lián)系“雙語境”判斷做題，即大語境全文中心和基調；小語境空格前后所構成的語意環(huán)境；再根據前有伏筆，后有呼應的思路做題。句群、段落、篇章等。語篇與語篇之間往往有表明其內在聯(lián)系的詞語，這些詞語被稱為“語篇標志”。 如表示結構層次的語篇標志語有： firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally等； 表示邏輯關系的語篇標志語有： thus, therefore, so等； 表示改變話題的語篇標志語有： by the way等； 表示遞進關系的語篇標志語有： besides, whats more, further等； 表示時間關系的語篇標志語有： before, so far, yet, meanwhile, later等。 19. A. chemical B. physical C. health D. ill解題思路：擺脫思維定勢，排除“陷阱” chemical， 后提示句Our hearts beat faster, and our muscles get tense.都是physical。20. A. and B. or C. but D. yet解題思路：與前面句子It will 17 itself, or it will run away as fast as it can. 同義復現。同義復現：是英語中常見的一種現象。為強調某一意思，但又不想重復使用某個詞，文中前后兩處會使用一組同義詞或同義詞組。由于在完形填空題中，這兩個同義詞的位置多半比較靠近，很容易找到。無須過多推理，只須確定相同的是哪個意思，然后找出選項中與之相符的一項即可。Human beings, 21 , have a problem that animals never face. If we give way to our feelings and let them 22 , we can get into trouble. Have you ever said something in anger, or hit somebody and regretted it later? Have you ever shouted at a teacher, told someone you were lonely, or said you were in love, and then 23 later you had kept your mouth shut? It isnt always 24 to express your feelings freely.21. A. therefore B. but C. besides D. however解題思路：轉折特點：but轉折法：文中一出現“but” “Although” “though” “however,” “while”等詞，應該馬上想到前后語意有轉折。只要知道其中一方的語意，就可以反向推出另一方的意思，從而解題。完形填空題中，but一詞后多半會設題。所以，大家在考試時，只要看到but就做一個標記，遇到類似but這樣表轉折的詞也同樣處理。這樣便于回到原文去尋找解題的依據。22. A. take off B. take on C. take over D. take up解題思路：and并列結構法,give way to的同義詞let 。take 23. A. wished B. hoped C. blamed D. shared解題思路：利用語法分析解題，選項中的動詞都是過去式，其后句賓語從句had kept是過去完成時，故判斷是虛擬。24. A. useful B. right C. easy D. wise解題思路：后暗示法，smarter的近義詞是 。利用暗示和對應解題：雖然重點是對語法、短語和詞的辨析、句子結構的考查，但對文章故事情節(jié)發(fā)展線索的邏輯考查仍是重點。暗示與上下對應的思維方法，是突破此類完形填空最關鍵的思維方式。Does this mean that its smarter always to 25 our feelings? No! If you 26 feelings of anger, sadness, and bitterness hidden away or bottled up inside, your body stays 27 . Physical illnesses can develop. It can actually be 28 for your health.25. A. handle B. hurt C. hide D. prevent解題思路：同義復現法26. A. keep B. find C. control D. let解題思路：利用語法分析解題，動詞 可以帶賓補hidden away or bottled up inside。27. A. relaxed B. tense C. same D. different解題思路：跨段落篇章復現tense查找文章多處反復復現概念的已知詞：復現可以是相同的詞在文章的不同地方重復出現。復現的解題意義在于：如果判斷出一個未知填空與上下文的那些已知詞匯有復現關系，只要從選項中選出與那些詞匯意義相同的就是正確答案。28. A. good B. harmful C. helpful D. useful解題思路：利用關聯(lián)成分，將illnesses設置成已知，另一個是未知的，這樣那個已知的詞語便成為破解未知詞語的關鍵線索。illnesses會對health ？Feelings that you keep all bottled up inside, dont just 29 . Its like you bought some bananas and stuck them in a cupboard. You might not be able to see them, but 30 youd smell them. And if you opened the cupboard, youd 31 little fruit flies hovering (盤旋) all over them. Theyd be rotten.29. A. go away B. go on C. go up D. go out解題思路：看清上下文，找準定位詞充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到對選擇有提示作用的詞或句，go ? 看看文章中動詞都與哪些副詞或介詞搭配成動詞短語？ It will 17 itself, or it will run away as fast as it can. No! If you 26 feelings of anger, sadness, and bitterness hidden away or bottled up inside, your body stays 27 . 30. A. long before B. as usual C. before long D. right away解題思路：利用語法分析解題，but 30 youd smell them. 句中的d=would是過去將來時.in no time=by and by=in a flash=before long=soon是將來時的時間狀語，表示“很快”；而right away=right now=quickly=at once=immediately則不受限制！31. A. meet B. observe C. catch D. see解題思路：利用語法分析解題，youd 31 little fruit flies hovering (盤旋) all over them. （A. meet ，B. observe， C. catch ，D. see）little fruit flies hovering (盤旋)。You can try to treat emotions 32 they were ban