土木工程專業(yè)英語期末復(fù)習(xí)題.docVIP

專業(yè)英語復(fù)習(xí)題一、選擇題1. civil engineering dealt with permanent structures for (civilian) use, whereas military engineering dealt with temporary structures for military use2. attention must (be paid to) the working temperature of the machine.3. diplomatic relations (have been established) between china and the united states of America4. a direct current is a current (flowing) always in the same direction.5. its our duty to (comply with) the specification.6. dose your shop (supply) rebar ?7. neither I nor he (is) fond of music.8. the (above-mentioned)cements(水泥) are widely used on the construction site.9. the production of steel has been increased (by) 70%.10. if the garden is big, some floodlights can be (installed).11. (wherever) you go, you can see many buildings.12. dams, (bridge), water supply systems, and other large projects ordinarily employ several engineers to work together.13. the bigger quantity you order,(the lower until cost you will be offered).14. in modern road constructions, powerful modern machines are employed to move mountains and fill valleys to make the (surfaces) as direct as possible.15. besides its ability to sustain loads, concrete is also required to be (durable).16. tensile failure of (reinforced) concrete happens easily and involves progressive micro-cracking.17. concrete is (inherently) a porous material (多孔材料)18. may I use your bike for a moment?-(by all means)(一定，務(wù)必)19.conclusions can be (drawn) from the above discussion.20.its a small country, yet has a lot of (potential) resources.21.a persons calorie requirements vary (throughout)22.there is a computer syetem (with which) the company is experiencing problems.23. usually there is (less) traffic in the streets on weekday than on Sundays.24. The thief tried to open the locked door but (in vain)25. cracks would not only be unsightly but would (expose) the steel bars to corrosion by moisture and other chemical action.26.(having packed) their luggage, the tourists hurried to the airport.27.generous public funding of basic science would (lead to) considerable benefits for the countrys health,wealth and security.28.”you are very selfish,its high time you (realized) that you are not the most important person in the world,” edgar said to his boss angrily.29.(even if) the calculation is right, scientists can never be sure that they have include all variables and modeled accurately.30.remember that customers dont (bargain) about prices in the city. 二、詞組互譯1. tensile strength 抗拉強(qiáng)度：2. compressive strength 抗壓強(qiáng)度3. construction engineering 建筑工程4. reinforced concrete 鋼筋混凝土5. raw material 原材料6. civil engineers 土木工程師7. assemblage technology 裝配技術(shù)8. simply supported beam 簡(jiǎn)支梁9. continuous beam 連續(xù)梁10. framing member 框架構(gòu)件11. bending strength 抗彎強(qiáng)度12. shearing strength 抗剪強(qiáng)度13. bill of quantities 工程量清單14. estimated cost 預(yù)算成本15. the column-diagonal truss tube 對(duì)頂柱桁架筒體16. cash flow 現(xiàn)金流動(dòng)17. three-dimensional 三維的18. English for specialized science and technology 專業(yè)外語19. geotechnical engineering 巖土工程20. foundation settlement 地基沉降21. fundamental assumption 基本假設(shè)22. bending moment 彎曲力矩23. shear stress 剪應(yīng)力，剪切應(yīng)力24. normal stress 正應(yīng)力，法向應(yīng)力25. on schedule 按時(shí)26. be in equilibrium with 與平衡27. horizontal plane 水平面28. vertical plane 垂直面29. soil mechanics 土力學(xué)30. aerial photographs 航空攝影31. sanitary engineering 衛(wèi)生工程32. detrimental agents 有害因素33. joint action 聯(lián)合作用34. deformed bars 變形鋼筋35. current situation(present situation) 現(xiàn)狀36. positive sequence 正序37. negative sequence 逆序（負(fù)序）38. fabrication plant 加工廠（加工設(shè)備）39. financial budget 財(cái)政預(yù)算40. divide by 除以41. in charge of 負(fù)責(zé)（主管）42. take account of 考慮到，顧及43. spectacular achievements 驚人的成就44. ultrahigh-rise buildings 超高層建筑45. terminate contract 解除合同（終止合同）46. spandrel beams 外墻托梁47. encroach on 侵占，蠶食48. intersect surfaces 相交曲面49. bundled-tube structures 束筒結(jié)構(gòu)50. take delivery of 取貨，提貨三、翻譯句子1. The term civil engineering originally came into use to distinguish it from military engineering . 土木工程這個(gè)術(shù)語起初是用來與軍事工程相區(qū)別的，土木工程處理 的是民用的永久性建筑結(jié)構(gòu)，而軍事工程則是主要負(fù)責(zé)處理臨時(shí)性的軍用建筑。2. Greater height entails increased column and beam sizes to make buildings more rigid so that under wind load they will not sway beyond an acceptable limit. 更多的高度需要增加柱和梁的尺寸來使建筑物的剛性更強(qiáng)，以使它們?cè)陲L(fēng)荷載作用下在容許范圍內(nèi)擺動(dòng)。3. Structural systems of reinforced concrete as well as steel,take full advantage of the inherent potential stiffness of the total building and therefore do not require additional stiffening to limit the sway. 鋼筋混凝土個(gè)鋼結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)充分利用了整個(gè)建筑的固有的潛在的剛度，因此不需要額外的加強(qiáng)材料來限制傾斜。4. The tube structural system was developed for improving the resistance to lateral forces and the control of drift in high-rise building. 筒體結(jié)構(gòu)體系的發(fā)展是為了提高高層建筑抵抗側(cè)向力和飄移的能力。薄殼筒體使筒體結(jié)構(gòu)體系又向前邁進(jìn)了一步。5. With the continuing need for larger and taller buildings,the framed tube or the column-diagonal truss table may be used in a bundled form to create larger tube envelops while maintaining high efficiency.隨著對(duì)更大更高的建筑的持續(xù)要求，框筒或?qū)斨旒芡搀w可能被用在捆綁的形式以創(chuàng)作更大的筒體外殼，同時(shí)又保持了高效力。6. The principles of fluid mechanics can be applied to daily life as in the case of the planes,the movement of fish in water,and the circulation of blood in the veins. 流體力學(xué)原理可以應(yīng)用到日常生活中，如：飛行的飛機(jī)、魚在水中的游動(dòng)及血管中的血液循環(huán)等情況。7. Anthropogenic or human-induced pollutants have overload the system.人類或人類的活動(dòng)引起的污染物已經(jīng)超過了生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的承受能力。8. The role of an environmental engineer is to build a bridge between biology and technology by applying all the techniques to the job of cleaning the debris. 環(huán)境工程師的作用是，通過將各種技術(shù)應(yīng)用于垃圾清理的工作中，從而在生物與技術(shù)之間建造一座橋梁。9. Surveying is defined an art of collecting data for mapping the relative positions of points on the surface of earth in a horizontal plane. 測(cè)量是指為收集數(shù)據(jù)，以便在水平面內(nèi)畫出地球表面點(diǎn)的位置圖的一種技術(shù)。10. The engineering marvels of the world ,starting from the pyramids to todays thin shell structures,are the results of development in civil engineering.11. As here understood ,it is the body of scientific knowledge which permits one to predict with a good degree of certainty how a structure of given shape and dimensions will behave when acted upon by known force or other mechanical influences. 正如由此處所知結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)是科學(xué)知識(shí)體系，它使得人們能很確定地預(yù)測(cè)給定形狀和尺寸的結(jié)構(gòu)在已知力或其他力學(xué)因素下的性能。12. This proposition is not an assumption but a fact,because any body or any portion thereof can be at rest only if all forces acting on it are in equilibrium . 這一命題不是假設(shè)，而是事實(shí)，因?yàn)橹挥凶饔糜谖矬w或物體一部分的力平衡時(shí)，它才能靜止。13. Actually,the joint action of two materials as dissimilar and complicated as concrete and steel is so complex that it has not yet lent itself to purely catalytical treatment.實(shí)際上，像混凝土和鋼材這樣既復(fù)雜又不同的兩種材料的聯(lián)合作用是非常復(fù)雜的，目前還不能對(duì)其進(jìn)行純分析處理。14. from this study a list of all items of work is prepared, and related items earthen grouped together for listing on a master schedule.根據(jù)研究，列出施工工程的各項(xiàng)工作內(nèi)容，并將相關(guān)內(nèi)容歸為一類，列在主要施工進(jìn)度表上。15. other construction engineering duties are the layout of the work by surveying methods, the preparation of detail drawings to clarify the design engineers drawings for the construction crews, and the inspection of the work to ensure that it complies with plans and specifications. 工程施工的其他任務(wù)是：通過測(cè)量進(jìn)行工程放線；準(zhǔn)備細(xì)部圖紙，以使施工技術(shù)人員弄清設(shè)計(jì)工程師的圖樣意圖；工程檢查，以保證工程施工遵循設(shè)計(jì)及設(shè)計(jì)說明書。四、 根據(jù)詞根或詞綴寫單詞1. ag=do , act 做，動(dòng)agency 機(jī)構(gòu)，作用；agential 代理人2. agri=field 田地，農(nóng)田agriculture 田地，農(nóng)田；agricultural 農(nóng)業(yè)的，農(nóng)藝的3. ann=year 年anniversary 周年紀(jì)念日 annual 每年的，年度的 4. audi=hear 聽 Audience 聽眾，傾聽 auditorium 禮堂，講堂5. brev=short 短brief 短暫的，簡(jiǎn)短的 briefness 短暫，簡(jiǎn)短6. ced=go 行走precedent 先行的，在前的 unprecedented 無先例的，空前的7. cept=take 拿，取except 除之外 exception 例外，除外8. cid，cis=cut，kill 切，殺decide 決定 decision 決定，決心9. circ=r