高三復(fù)習(xí) 非謂語動詞

非謂語動詞 Non predicateVerbs 一 功能 二 主要用法 一 非謂語動詞做定語1 todo作后置定語 表將來e g Thecartobebought buy isforhissister 當(dāng)被修飾的名詞前面又被序數(shù)詞和最高級修飾時或被theonly修飾時e g Hewasthebestmantodo do thejob e g Shewasthefirstwomantowin win thegoldmedalintheOlympicGames 某些抽象名詞如ability attempt chance opportunity effort 用todo作后置定語e g DoyouhavetheabilitytoreadandwriteEnglish 2 tobedone表將來 將被做 e g Thequestiontobediscussed discuss tomorrowisveryimportant 3 doing與被修飾名詞主動關(guān)系Idon tknowtheboystanding stand underthetree 4 done與被修飾名詞被動關(guān)系e g Haveyoureadthenovelwritten write byDickens 5 beingdone正在被做e g Thehousesbeingbuilt build nowarefortheteachers 練一練 1 Hewasthelastone leave schoolyesterday 2 Thechild stand overthereismybrother 3 Peterreceivedaletterjustnow say hisgrandmawouldcometoseehimsoon 4 It ssaidthattheOlympicGames hold inLondonin2020willcovermoreeventsthananyotherOlympicsdid 5 Doyouhavetheability readandwrite English 6 Thebuilding build nextyearisourdormitory 7 Ithinkthescientificadvances mention inyourarticleareinteresting 8 Themeeting hold nowisofgreatimportance 二 非謂語作狀語 1 todo 表 目的 為了做某事 還可作原因狀語e g Helenhadtoshouttomake make herselfheardabovethesoundofthemusic e g I mverygladtosee see you 表意想不到的結(jié)果 結(jié)果卻 e g Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthatthetrainhadleft 2 tobedone作狀語 表 目的 為了被 表意想不到的的結(jié)果 結(jié)果卻被 e g Hehurriedtothestationonlytobetold tell thatthetrainhadleft 3 doing作狀語與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系 且與主句的謂語動詞基本上同時發(fā)生e g Notknowing know whattodo hewenttohisparentsforhelp 4 Havingdone作狀語與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系 先于主句謂語動詞發(fā)生e g Havingbought buy apreciousdiamondnecklaceforhiswife Tomcouldn taffordatieforhimself 5 done過去分詞作狀語與邏輯主語是被動關(guān)系 e g Encouraged encourage byherteachers Rosedidwellatschool 6 Havingbeendone作狀語與邏輯主語是被動關(guān)系 且先發(fā)生Havingbeenasked ask workovertimethatevening Imissedawonderfulfilm 補充 非謂語作狀語 也可用連詞when while once until if unless although doing或donee g Ifgivenmoreattentionto thetreescouldhavegrownbetter e g Wehavetoconsidertheneedforenvironmentalprotectionwhendevelopingeconomy 練一練 1 Theisland join tothemainlandbyabridge iseasytogoto 2 Sarahpretendedtobecheerful say nothingabouttheargument 3 translate intoEnglish thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder 4 open in1955 DisneylandinCaliforniaisregardedbymanyastheoriginalfunpark 5 AccordingtoarecentU S survey childrenspendupto25hoursaweek watch TV 6 complete theprojectasplanned we llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday 7 When ask whyhewentthere hesaidhewassenttheretobetrainedforaspaceflight 8 Theflowershisfriendgavehimwilldieunless water everyday 9 search thewebsiteoftheFireDepartmentinyourcity andyouwilllearnalotaboutfirefighting 10 Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport only tell thefilmstarshadleft 11 live inNanjingformanyyears heknowstheplaceverywell 12 keep inthefridgefortwohours thefoodhasgonebad 三 非謂語作賓語補足語 1 不定式todosth 作賓語補足語常見的用不定式作賓補的動詞有 ask cause get want wish tell advise encourage persuade invite permit allow force expect beg urge require callon e g Iaskedhimtocomeover 2 doing作賓語補足語表示與賓語是主動關(guān)系 一直做或正在做 e g IheardhersinginganEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday 3 過去分詞done作賓語補足語表示與賓語是被動關(guān)系 被做 e g IoftenhearthisEnglishsongsungbyLily 4 省略to的不定式 作賓語補足語表示與賓語是主動關(guān)系 表動作的全過程e g Theteacherhadmerepeatthestory 練一練 1 Anarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenordered issue clearwarningbeforefiringanyshot 2 Passengersarepermitted carry onlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane 3 Ismellsomething burn inthekitchen CanIcallyoubackinaminute 4 Don tleavethewater run whileyoubrushyourteeth 5 TolearnEnglishwell weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglish speak asmuchaswecan 6 Myadvisorencouragedme take asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills 7 Pauldoesn thavetobemade learn Healwaysworkshard 8 Wefoundthestudentsseatedattablesandhadtheireyes fix onthesceneofthelaunchofShenzhouVspaceship 四 非謂語作主語1 不定式todo作主語e g Tofindabestfriendisdifficult Itisdifficulttofindabestfriend 2 動名詞doing作主語e g Walkingisagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold 練一練 1 walk isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold 五 非謂語作賓語 1 只能用不定式todo作賓語的動詞 want need hope expect like hate try manage intend plan pretend prefer agree refuse learn decide choose offer promise wish等e g HepretendnottoseemewhenIpassedby 2 只能用V ing作賓語的動詞 admit dislike imagine delay consider mind avoid enjoy practice miss finish keep suggest deny allow permit forbid risk can thelp putoff giveup feellike bebusy havedifficulty haveagoodtime can tstand 忍受 等 e g Wedon tallowsmokinginthehall e g Ihavetoputoffshoppingtilltomorrow 3 后面既可以直接加doing也可以直接加todo 兩者意義大致相同的詞有 continue begin start love hate like等 4 有些動詞后面既可以直接加doing也可以直接加todo 但兩者意義完全不同的詞forget remembertodosth 忘記 記得要去做某事forget rememberdoingsth 忘記 記得已經(jīng)做過某事trytodo努力做某事trydoing試著做某事regretdoing后悔已經(jīng)做過某事regrettodosth 很遺憾要去做某事meandoing意味著做某事meantodo打算做某事can thelpdoing情不自禁地做某事can thelptodosth 不能幫助做某事 1 CanIsmokehere Sorry Wedon tallow smoke here 2 Ican tstand work withJaneinthesameoffice Shejustrefuses stop talkingwhilesheworks 3 Robertisindeedawiseman Oh yes HowoftenIhaveregretted nottake hisadvice 4 Ifyouthinkthattreatingawomanwellmeansalways get herpermissionforthings thinkagain 六 非謂語作表語 1 不定式作表語e g Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday 注意 作表語 一般要用帶to的不定式 但當(dāng)主語部分有實義動詞do時 to可以省略 e g Nowtheonlythingwecandoiswait e g WhatIwantedtodoistakeanapforabouttwodays 2 v ing和v ed作表語 v ing形式表示 令人 的 多用來修飾事或物 v ed表示 感到 的 多用來修飾人 人的聲音或表情等如interesting有趣的 interested感興趣的 exciting令人激動的 excited感到激動的frightening frightened 四 注意情況 一 用省to的不定式的情況1 在wouldrather hadbetter whynot can tchoosebut 只好 can thelpbut 只能 禁不住 后面 用省to的不定式 e g Iwouldrathergoswimming e g Youhadbettertidyyourbedroom e g WhynotvisityourcousininJapan 2 當(dāng)兩個動詞不定式由and or except but than ratherthan相連接時 通常第二個不定式要省略to e g Doyouwanttogoshoppingorwatchafilm e g Idecidedtowriteratherthanphone