反壟斷法律術(shù)語.doc

AAbuse of monopoly power 濫用壟斷支配力Abuse theory 濫用理論Abusive conduct 濫用行為Acquired firm 被收購的企業(yè),被收購方Acquiring firm 收購企業(yè),收購方Acquisition of asset 資產(chǎn)的收購Act of state doctrine 國家行為理論Actual damage 實際損失Additional suit 附加訴訟Administrative adjudication 行政裁決Administrative process 行政訴訟程序Adverse competitive effect 反競爭影響,反競爭效果Affirmative duty 積極的義務(wù)Aftermarket 下游市場Aggravating circumstance 從重處罰情節(jié)Aggressive pricing 超高定價Agreement to divide market 分割市場的協(xié)議Agreement with mixed competitive consequence 帶有混合競爭后果的協(xié)議Allocate market geographically 從地域方面分割市場Allocative efficiency 資源配置效率Amicus brief 為協(xié)助法庭而對案情所提出的意見書，法庭之友意見概要Ancillary restraint/ partial restraint 附屬的/部分的限制Annual sale 年銷售額Anti-competitive effect 反競爭效果Anticompetitive stock acquisition 反競爭性的股份收購Anticompetitive 限制競爭的，反競爭的Anti-merger 合并控制Antitrust 反壟斷，反托拉斯Antitrust Enforcement Guidelines for International Operations 國際經(jīng)營的反壟斷執(zhí)法指南Antitrust felony 反壟斷重罪Antitrust immunity 反壟斷法的除外Antitrust litigation 反壟斷訴訟Antitrust procedures and penalties act of 1974 反壟斷程序和處罰法Antitrust scrutiny 反壟斷審查Assign customer 劃分客戶Assistant Attorney General 美國聯(lián)邦司法部長助理Assured source of supply 穩(wěn)定的供貨渠道Attempt to monopolize 企圖獨占Attempted monopolization 企圖獨占Attenuating circumstance 從輕處罰情節(jié)Attorney General 司法部部長Automatic adjustment mechanism 自動調(diào)節(jié)機制Average revenue平均收益Average total cost 平均總成本Average variable cost 平均可變成本BBackward integration 上游合并（與供應(yīng)商的合并）Bad faith 惡意Bar association 律師協(xié)會Barrier to entry 進入壁壘，進入障礙Beleaguered small business 處于困境中的小企業(yè)Below-cost pricing 低于成本的定價Benchmarking 制定基準(zhǔn)點Bid 出價Bid-rigging 串通投標(biāo)Bilateral cooperation agreement 雙邊合作協(xié)議Blanket license arrangement 一攬子許可協(xié)議Blanket license 一攬子許可Block patent 封鎖專利Bona fide 善意Bottleneck doctrine 瓶頸理論Bright-line test 可明確適用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Burden of proof 舉證負擔(dān)Bureau of competition 競爭局Business behavior交易行為Business pattern 經(jīng)營方式Business reputation 商業(yè)信譽Buyer-lever competition 買方競爭CCartel participant/ cartelist 卡特爾參加者 Cartel price 卡特爾價格Cartel 卡特爾Case-by-case evaluation 個案分析，個案評估Casual connection 因果關(guān)系Cause of action 訴因Celler-Kefauver Act 塞勒-克福弗反合并法Chain operation連鎖經(jīng)營Chain store 連鎖店Characterization process 認定程序Charter of freedom 自由憲章Chicago school 芝加哥學(xué)派Chief Justice 首席法官Circumstantial evidence 環(huán)境證據(jù)Class action 集團訴訟Classic conspiracy 典型的共謀行為Coercion 強制Collaboration 協(xié)作/聯(lián)合Collateral offense 附帶性的違法Collateral restraint 附帶限制Collateral 從屬于Collective action 集體行為，多方行為Collective conduct 集體行為Collective power 聯(lián)合力量Collusion 共謀Collusion 共謀行為Commercial Clause憲法中的商業(yè)條款Committed entry 不自由的市場進入，市場進入有較高的門檻Competing bid 競爭性的出價Competition policy 競爭政策Competitive variable 競爭性變量Competitiveness 競爭力Compromise 和解Compulsory licensing 強制許可Concentration in the relevant market 相關(guān)市場的集中度Concentration 集中Concerted efforts by competitors 競爭者之間的協(xié)同行為Concerted horizontal refusal to deal橫向聯(lián)合抵制交易Concerted refusal to deal 聯(lián)合抵制交易Conglomerate merger 混合合并Conscious parallelism 有意識的協(xié)調(diào)Consciously parallel pricing conduct 有意識的協(xié)調(diào)價格行為Consent order 同意令Consignment agreement 寄售協(xié)議Consignment arrangement 寄售協(xié)議(安排） Consolidation 聯(lián)合Conspiracy to monopolize 通過共謀行為實現(xiàn)獨占Conspiracy 共謀Conspiratorial conduct 共謀行為Consumer welfare 消費者福利Continuum model 一體分析方法Contractor 承包商Contributory infringement 共同侵權(quán)Control natural monopoly 管制自然壟斷Convicted antitrust defendant 被判決違反反壟斷法的被告Copyright infringement suit 版權(quán)侵權(quán)訴訟Corporate entity 法人實體Corporate Leniency Policy 對公司的寬大處理政策Corporate merger 公司合并Corroborating evidence 佐證，確證的證據(jù)（也是一種附加的證據(jù)，這種證據(jù)使得提供的證據(jù)更為有利）Cost consumer 使消費者受到損失Cost justification 成本抗辯，成本辯護Cost saving 成本節(jié)約Cost-based school 以成本為基礎(chǔ)的學(xué)派Coverage 專利的有效范圍Criminal indictment 刑事控告Criminal investigation 刑事調(diào)查Criminal prosecution刑事追訴/起訴/公訴Criminal sanction 刑事制裁Cross-elasticity of demand 需求交叉彈性Cross-examination 交叉盤問Cross-licensing agreement 相互許可協(xié)議 Cross-licensing 相互許可DDamage claim 損害賠償之訴Damage settlement 損害賠償和解Dealer-imposed price restraint 銷售商強加的價格限制Declaratory judgment 宣告（式）判決，確認判決（法院只宣告確認當(dāng)事人某項權(quán)利）Deconcentration分散Defense 辯護Degree of industry concentration 產(chǎn)業(yè)集中度Delineating the relevant market 界定相關(guān)市場Delivered price 交付價格Demand curve/schedule 需求曲線Demand elasticity 需求彈性Demand substitution需求替代Denying access 拒絕進入Depression-era 經(jīng)濟大蕭條時期Deregulation of industry 對產(chǎn)業(yè)的放松管制Dichotomy model 二分法Dictum 法官判決的附帶意見Direct infringer 直接的侵權(quán)行為人Direct victim 直接受害人Directness of the injury 損害的直接性Discretion 自由裁量權(quán)Discriminatory allowance 歧視性的折讓Dismiss 駁回（案件）Distribution channel 銷售渠道Distribution cost 銷售成本Distribution pattern 銷售方式Diversified producer 多樣化產(chǎn)品的制造商Divestiture decree 拆散的判決Divestiture or compulsory licensing of intellectual property 剝奪或者強制許可知識產(chǎn)權(quán)Doctrine of comity 禮讓原則Dominant firm占市場支配地位的企業(yè)Dominant position 市場支配地位Downstream market 下游市場Drawing of the market boundary 界定市場范圍Due process 正當(dāng)程序Duplicative recovery 雙重補償/追償Duration of waiting period等待期間 Duration 持續(xù)期間Economy of scale 規(guī)模經(jīng)濟Effective competition 有效競爭Efficiency defense 效率抗辯Dlasticity of supply 供給彈性EEnd user 最終消費者End-use 終端使用Enforcement agency 執(zhí)行機構(gòu)Enforcement guideline 執(zhí)行指南Entrench dominance 加強市場支配地位Entry barrier 市場進入障礙/壁壘Entry condition進入市場的條件Entry fee 入會費，進入費Entry of the market 市場進入Equitable decree 衡平法上的判決Equitable relief 衡平法上的救濟Equitable servitude on chattel 衡平法上的在動產(chǎn)上設(shè)定的地役權(quán)Essential facility 關(guān)鍵設(shè)施Bottleneck doctrine瓶頸理論Evade price control 規(guī)避價格管制Evidentiary burden 舉證責(zé)任Ex ante 事先Ex post 事后Excess capacity 過剩的生產(chǎn)能力Exchange assurance 交換承諾Exclude rival 排除競爭者Exclusionary act排他行為，排斥競爭行為Exclusionary conduct 排他行為Exclusionary purpose 排斥競爭的目的Exclusionary排他性的，排斥競爭性的Exclusive authority 專有權(quán)Exclusive dealing agreement 獨家經(jīng)銷協(xié)議Exclusive dealing contract 獨家經(jīng)銷合同Exclusive dealing 排他性交易，獨家交易Exclusive right 獨占權(quán)Exclusive territorial arrangement 排他性的地域劃分Exclusive territory 獨占地域Exculpate 宣告無罪Exemption 豁免Exit of the market市場退出Explicit agreement / Express agreement 明示協(xié)議Express or tacit collusion 明示或默示的合謀 Extension of the waiting period 等待期的延長Extraterritorial reach 域外效力FFailing division defense 垂危部門抗辯Failing firm defense 垂危公司抗辯Federal merger guideline聯(lián)邦合并指南Federal Trade Commission Act 聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易委員會法Felony 重罪Field of use 應(yīng)用范圍Finding 事實認定Fix price 固定價格Fix the price of patented goods on resale 固定專利產(chǎn)品的轉(zhuǎn)售價格Fixed cost 固定成本Fixing of maximum resale price 固定最高轉(zhuǎn)售價格Foreign sovereign act 外國政府行為Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act 外國主權(quán)豁免法Foreign Trade Antitrust Improvement Act 對外貿(mào)易反壟斷改進法Forestalling 買斷Forfeit asset 沒收財產(chǎn)Forward integration 下游合并（與客戶的合并）Fragmented industry 集中度很低的行業(yè)Franchise agreement 特許經(jīng)營協(xié)議Franchised agent 有特許權(quán)的代理人Franchised agreement 特許經(jīng)營協(xié)議Fraudulent procurement of a patent 通過欺騙取得專利權(quán)Free-ride 搭便車Fringe supplier 潛在供貨商Functional discount 功能折扣Future competition 潛在競爭GGame theory 博弈論Game-theoretic school 博弈論學(xué)派Generality 一般原則Geographic extension merger 地域擴大型合并Geographic market 地域市場Giant corporation 巨型企業(yè)Good faith 善意Good faith agency 善意的代理關(guān)系Grand jury 大陪審團（12-25名陪審員）Group boycott 集體抵制/聯(lián)合抵制Grouping buyer 集團化的買方Guideline 指南Guild customs 行會習(xí)慣HHart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvement Act 哈特-斯科特-羅迪諾反壟斷修訂法Height of entry barrier 進入市場的障礙程度Herfindahl-Hirschman index 赫爾芬達-赫爾斯曼指數(shù)，赫氏指數(shù)Heterogeneous不同質(zhì)的，異質(zhì)的Huge barrier to entry and exit 進入和退出市場方面存在很大障礙Hobsons choice 無選擇余地Holder of a legal monopoly 合法壟斷權(quán)人Holding company 控股公司Homogeneous同質(zhì)的Horizontal alliance 橫向聯(lián)合Horizontal allocation of territory 橫向地域分割Horizontal collaboration 橫向聯(lián)合Horizontal collusion橫向合謀Horizontal market division 橫向市場劃分Horizontal merger guideline 橫向合并指南Horizontal merger 橫向合并Horizontal output restraint 橫向產(chǎn)量限制Horizontal price-fixing arrangement 橫向固定價格安排horizontal price-fixing conspiracy 橫向固定價格的共謀Horizontal price-fixing 橫向固定價格Horizontal restraint 橫向限制Horizontal territorial division 橫向地域劃分House of Lords 上議院IIllegal per se 本身違法Illegal purpose 非法目的Illicit cooperation 不正當(dāng)合作Impair competition 損害競爭Impairment of primary line competition 對第一級的損害Impediment to competition 妨礙競爭Imperative 命令，規(guī)則Implicit agreement 默示協(xié)議Implied contract 默示合同Impose a tie-in 強加附加協(xié)議Incompetence 無行為能力Individual license 個別許可Industrial concentration 產(chǎn)業(yè)集中Industrial organization economics 產(chǎn)業(yè)組織經(jīng)濟學(xué)Industrial Organization Theory 產(chǎn)業(yè)組織理論Inference of monopoly power 壟斷力量的干預(yù)Information exchange 信息交換Information sharing 信息分享Injunction 禁令I(lǐng)njunctive relief 禁令性救濟Insurance coverage 保險范圍Intangible property rights 無形財產(chǎn)權(quán)Intellectual property rights 知識產(chǎn)權(quán)Intended victim 預(yù)期的受害人Intent to monopolize 壟斷意圖Interbrand competition 品牌之間的競爭interchangeability 可替代性Interfirm coordination 企業(yè)間的協(xié)調(diào)行為Interlocking director 連鎖董事/共同董事Interlocking directorate 連鎖董事Internal expansion 內(nèi)部擴張Interstate commerce 州際貿(mào)易Intrabrand competition 品牌內(nèi)的競爭/同一商標(biāo)銷售商之間的競爭Investment return投資回報Invitation to collude 引誘進行共同犯罪行為Invitation to withhold immunity 請求撤銷豁免Ipso facto 根據(jù)事實本身Issue of security 證券發(fā)行JJoint arrangement 聯(lián)合安排Joint horizontal action橫向聯(lián)合行為Joint venture 合營企業(yè)Judicial construction 司法解釋Judicial discretion 法官的自由裁量權(quán)Jurisdictional holes 管轄權(quán)漏洞Jurisdictional reach 管轄范圍Jurisdictional restriction 管轄權(quán)的限制Jury 陪審團Jury verdict 陪審團的裁決Justice Department 美國聯(lián)邦司法部Justice Departments Antitrust Division 聯(lián)邦司法部的反壟斷局KKnow-how 專有技術(shù)Knowing 明知LLaissez faize 自由放任（的經(jīng)濟政策）Legal viability 法律上的根據(jù)Legitimate end 合法的目的Less demanding liability test 非強制性責(zé)任標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Lessee 承租人Lessor 出租人Letters patent 專利許可證，專利特權(quán)許可證Leverage theory 杠桿理論Leveraging 杠桿作用Licensee 被許可人License-prescribed price 專利許可協(xié)議中規(guī)定的價格Limitation period 時效期限Limited antitrust dispensation 有限的反壟斷豁免Listed price 目錄價格Litigant 訴訟（參與）人Litigation outcome 訴訟結(jié)果Local price-cutting 地方性價格折讓Location clause 限定地域的條款Lock-in buyer 現(xiàn)有的買方MMake restitution 恢復(fù)原狀Managerial compensation管理人員的報酬Managerial displacement 管理層的更換Mandated 強制性的Mandatory 強制性的Marginal cost 邊際成本Marginal revenue 邊際收益Marginal utility 邊際效用Market allocation agreement /covenant /scheme 分割市場的協(xié)議Market allocation 市場分割Market behavior市場行為Market characterized by interdependence 以競爭者之間的相互依賴為特征的市場Market concentration 市場集中Market control 市場支配力Market definition市場界定Market failure 市場失靈Market performance 市場行為Market power measurement 市場支配力的測量market power市場支配力Market share 市場份額Market structure 市場結(jié)構(gòu)Market trend 市場趨勢Marketing arrangement 營銷協(xié)議Marketing strategy 營銷策略Market-rigging practice 操縱市場的做法Maximum price-fixing 固定最高價格Maximum resale price maintenance 維持最高轉(zhuǎn)售價格Measure of cost 成本測量Measurement and assignment of cost 成本的測定和分攤Measurement yardstick衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Menace to competition 對競爭的威脅Mephistophelean pact 惡魔的協(xié)議，指對任何一方均無好處的協(xié)議Merger and acquisition 合并和收購Merger guideline 合并指南Mergers to Monopoly 壟斷性兼并Microeconomics 微觀經(jīng)濟學(xué)Middleman profit 中間人利潤Minimum price clause 最低價格條款Minimum resale price 最低轉(zhuǎn)售價格Minimum Sherman Act fine 違反謝爾曼法的最低罰款額度Minimum threshold 最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Misallocation of resource 資源錯誤配置Misrepresentation 虛假陳述Misuse of private economic power 濫用私人經(jīng)濟勢力Misuse of resource 資源的濫用Monetary relief 金錢救濟Monopolist 獨占者Monopolistic competition壟斷競爭Monopolization 壟斷化Monopoly power 壟斷力Monopoly pricing 壟斷性定價Monopoly 壟斷Monopsony 買主獨家壟斷/買方壟斷Most favored nation clause 最惠國條款Motivation 動機Moving party 動議方，提出請求的一方Multicount indictment 數(shù)罪并告Multi-factored reasonableness test 考慮多種因素的合理原則Multiple patent 多重專利權(quán)Mutually accommodating behavior 相互協(xié)調(diào)行為NNaked price fixing 赤裸裸的固定價格行為Naked restraint 赤裸裸的限制National Association of Attorney General （NAAG）全國檢察長協(xié)會Natural monopoly 自然壟斷Net revenue 凈利潤No rule school 無規(guī)則學(xué)派No-fault monopolization 無過失的壟斷化Non-binding 無法律約束力的Non-binding guideline 沒有法律約束力的指南Noncontractual restraint 非合同的限制Non-efficiency aim 非效率目標(biāo)Nonexclusive license 非獨占許可Nonexclusive 非獨占性的Non-horizontal meger 非橫向合并Nonpatented product 非專利的產(chǎn)品Nonprice competition 非價格競爭Nonprice distribution restraint 非價格方面的分銷限制Nonprice restriction 非價格限制Nonprice vertical restraints 非價格的縱向限制Nonstatutory exemption 非法定的豁免Norris-LaGuardia Act of 1932 1932年諾里斯-拉格爾迪阿法Notify 申報OOligopolistic interdependence 壟斷寡頭間的相互依賴Oligopolistic market structure 寡頭壟斷的市場結(jié)構(gòu)Oligopoly 寡頭壟斷 賣方壟斷Open competition 公開競爭Operating cost 交易成本Opportunity cost 機會成本Outlaw 宣布為非法Output 產(chǎn)出Overt cartel 公開的卡特爾PPackage of service 一攬子服務(wù)Parallel behavior 協(xié)同的行為Parallel pricing 協(xié)同定價Parens patriae 政府監(jiān)護Partial per se standard 不完全的本身違法原則Patented product 專利產(chǎn)品Patentee 專利權(quán)人Pecuniary gain 金錢收益Pecuniary loss 金錢損失Pecuniary reward 金錢報酬P(guān)er se illegality 本身違法Per se rule 本身違法規(guī)則Per se rule of nonliability 本身無責(zé)任的原則Perfect competition 完全競爭Perfectly contestable market 完善的競爭市場Performance test 行為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Permissive test 任意性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Personal jurisdiction 屬人管轄權(quán)Pertinent information 有關(guān)的信息Plant specialization 生產(chǎn)專業(yè)化Plea 辯解Plea agreement （經(jīng)法庭批準(zhǔn)，被告為避免受到較重的處罰與控訴人達成的）認罪協(xié)議Plus factor 附加因素 Point-of-sale 銷售點pool the patent 共享專利權(quán)Pooled patent 同源專利Positive trait 好處Post-acquisition收購之后的Post-acquisition market share 收購后的市場份額Post-merger market 兼并之后市場Post-merger market share 兼并后市場份額Potential competition doctrine 潛在競爭理論Potential entrant 潛在的市場進入者Precedent 判例Predation claim 涉及掠奪性定價的請求Predatory conduct 掠奪性行為Predatory price 掠奪性價格Predatory pricing 掠奪性定價Predatory tactics 掠奪性的經(jīng)營策略Predictability 可預(yù)期性Preemption 優(yōu)先權(quán)Preferential rate 優(yōu)惠價Premerger notification 合并前的申報Prevail 勝訴Price and non-price restraint 價格限制與非價格限制Price concession 價格折讓Price discrimination 價格歧視Price fixing 固定價格Price offer 報價Price structure 價格結(jié)構(gòu)Price uniformity 價格聯(lián)盟Price verification 價格核查Price-fixing cartel 固定價格的卡特爾price-fixing license 固定價格的許可price-sensitive buyer 對價格敏感的購買者Price-setting arrangement 確定價格的安排Price-shading firm 產(chǎn)品價格不明朗的企業(yè)Price-taker 價格接受者Pricing agreement價格協(xié)議pricing behavior定價行為Prima facie 初步印象，初步證據(jù)，表面證據(jù)Prima facie case of illegality 初步推定違法的案件Prima facie violation 以初步證據(jù)可認定違法Primary line injury 第一級損害（對賣方的競爭者的損害）Primary line liability 第一級損害的責(zé)任Prison term 監(jiān)禁期限Private antitrust action 私人反壟斷訴訟Private attorney general 私人檢察長（出庭為每個公民實施公共權(quán)力的個人）Private monopoly 私人壟斷Private treble damage claim 私人三倍損害賠償請求Private treble damage action私人三倍損害賠償之訴Probation 緩刑Procompetitive consequence 支持競爭的后果product differentiation 產(chǎn)品區(qū)分，產(chǎn)品差異Product extension merger 生產(chǎn)擴大型合并Product heterogeneity 產(chǎn)品的異質(zhì)性Product homogeneity 產(chǎn)品的同質(zhì)性 Product innovation產(chǎn)品革新Product market 產(chǎn)品市場Production quota 生產(chǎn)配額Productive efficiency 生產(chǎn)效率Profit margin利潤幅度Profit-maximization 利潤最大化Profit-maximizing price可以實現(xiàn)最大利潤的價格Profit-pooling agreement 分享利潤的協(xié)議Proviso 但書Public interest 公共利益Public policy 公共政策Public price announcement 公開報價Public utility 公用事業(yè)Pure conglomerate transaction 純混合合并QQuality control 質(zhì)量控制Quasi-public monopoly 準(zhǔn)國家壟斷RRadical price cut 大幅度削價Reasonable and prudent person 理性人Reasonable interchangeability 合理的可替代性Reasonableness test 合理性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Reciprocal dealing 互惠性交易Recoupment test 賠償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Recover damage 追償損害賠償，得到補償Redeeming virtue 可彌補其不足之處的功能Refusal to deal 拒絕交易Regrating 囤積居奇Reimburse 補償Relaxation of antimerger standard 反合并標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的松動Relevant geographic market 相關(guān)地理市場Relevant market 相關(guān)市場Relevant product market 相關(guān)產(chǎn)品市場Remand the case for further finding 將案件發(fā)回下級法院要求進一步的審查Remand to the trial court 將案件送回下級法院Remedy 救濟Rent-seeking 尋租Resale margin 轉(zhuǎn)售商品中的賺頭Resale price maintenance 維持轉(zhuǎn)售價格 Rescission of completed transaction撤銷已完成的交易Resource allocation 資源配置Resource misallocation資源的錯誤配置Restrict output限制產(chǎn)量Restrictive agreement/ covenant 限制競爭協(xié)議Restrictive distribution contract 限制銷售協(xié)議Restrictive leasing 限制性的租賃Restrictive provision 限制性條款Retail market 零售市場Retail price 零售價格Retail price-fixing clause 固定零售價格的條款Revenue 收益Rival 競爭對手rivalry test 競爭行為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Robinson-Patman Act 羅賓遜-帕特曼法Royalty 專利使用費RPM(Resale price maintenance)轉(zhuǎn)售價格維持Rule of per se legality 本身合法的原則Rule of reason criteria 合理原則的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Rule of reason 合理原則Rule of reason/a reasonableness test 合理性原則SScale economy 規(guī)模經(jīng)濟Scrutiny 審查Seal of approval 認證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Secondary line injury 第二級損害（對買方的競爭者的損害）Selective price concession 選擇性的價格優(yōu)惠Selective price cut 選擇性削價Self-correct market abuse 可通過市場自行糾正的濫用行為Self-interest 自身利益Seller concentration 賣方集中Separate entity 相互獨立的實體Set aside 撤銷Severe liability rule 嚴格責(zé)任原則sham conduct 欺騙性行為Sherman Act 謝爾曼法Spillover of cost 成本的溢出Spoken assurance 口頭承諾Stabilize price 固定價格Standard contract 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)合同Standardization 生產(chǎn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化Standing （起訴）資格State attorney general 州檢察長Status quo 現(xiàn)狀Statutory combination 法定的聯(lián)合Statutory defense 法定的抗辯Stock ownership 股份所有權(quán)structural approach 市場結(jié)構(gòu)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Structural criteria/approach 結(jié)構(gòu)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Structural filter school 結(jié)構(gòu)過濾學(xué)派Structural model 結(jié)構(gòu)模式Structural rule 結(jié)構(gòu)性規(guī)則，即根據(jù)市場結(jié)構(gòu)認定合法性Structural School 結(jié)構(gòu)主義Structural screen 市場結(jié)構(gòu)的審查Structuralist school市場結(jié)構(gòu)學(xué)派Structure of an industry產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)Structure-conduct-performance model 結(jié)構(gòu)-行為-績效模型，按照市場結(jié)構(gòu)、市場行為和市場運行狀況認定市場是否具有競爭性的方式Structured rule of reason standa