高二英語(yǔ)必修5-完整語(yǔ)法講義解析

高中英語(yǔ)必修五各單元語(yǔ)法講解第一講 過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)1.English is a widely used language.2.He threw away the broken cup.3.This is one of the schools built in 1980s.4.Prices of daily goods bought through a computer can be lower than store prices.單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，常放在被修飾詞的前面;過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，常放在被修飾詞的后面。spoken English = English which is spoken terrified people = the people who are terrified an organized way = a way that is organized affected area 災(zāi)區(qū) = the area which is affected stolen culture relics= culture relics that had been stolen the book recommended by the teacher = the book which was recommended by the teacher printed articles = articles that are printed1) Doctor John Snow was a well-known doctor in London. 定語(yǔ)2) John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street. 定語(yǔ)3) He got interested in the two theories. 表語(yǔ)4) Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood 表語(yǔ) Past Participle as the Attribute定語(yǔ) Past Participle as the Predicative表語(yǔ)1.terrified people1.people who are terrified2.reserved seats2.seats that are reserved3.polluted water3.water that is polluted4.a crowded room4.a room that is crowded5.a pleased winner5.a winner that is pleased6. Astonished children6.children who look astonished7.a broken vase 7.a vase that is broken8.a closed door8.a door that is closed9.the tired audience9.the audience who feel tired10.a trapped animal10.an animal that is trapped There are many fallen leaves on the ground. = There are many leaves which had fallen on the ground. (地上有許多落葉)Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing.= Some of them , who had been born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing. (他們中的一些人，在農(nóng)村出生并長(zhǎng)大，從沒(méi)去過(guò)北京)及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞表示結(jié)束了的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作或者沒(méi)有一定的時(shí)間性,只表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 polluted water = water which is polluted reserved seats = the seats which were reserved trapped animal = the animal which was trapped 不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞不表被動(dòng)，只表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，含有動(dòng)作完成，動(dòng)作結(jié)束之含義。 boiled water = water which has boiled fallen leaves = the leaves which have fallen risen sun = the sun which has risen 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)也可用作非限制性定語(yǔ)，前后用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。 The books, written by Guo Jingming, are very popular with teenagers. 這些書(shū)是郭敬明寫(xiě)的，深受青少年的喜愛(ài)。 Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing. 他們中的一些人，在農(nóng)村出生并長(zhǎng)大，從沒(méi)過(guò)北京.The book _written by the farmer (一本農(nóng)民寫(xiě)的書(shū)) is very popular.The building built last year (去年建的樓房) now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake.The problem discussed at the meeting yesterday (在昨天會(huì)議上討論的) was very difficult to solve.The window broken by that naughty boy被那個(gè)頑皮男孩打破的) is being repaired.The children examined in the hospital yesterday昨天在醫(yī)院檢查的) were seriously ill.The people exposed to the sun (暴露在陽(yáng)光下的) got sunburnt.The boy punished severely by the teacher (受到老師嚴(yán)厲懲罰的) is now a college student.The water delivered to his home (送到他家的水) carried disease.The English today is quite different from the English spoken in the past 300 years (300年前所說(shuō)的).Most of the artists invited to the party (被邀請(qǐng)去參加聚會(huì)的) were from South Africa.The students inspired by the teacher (受到老師鼓舞的)worked harder than ever before.The Olympic Games, _A_ in 776 B.C. did not include women players until 1912. A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first playing過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)與其修飾詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系且過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作已完成。現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，與修飾詞是主謂關(guān)系。不定式作定語(yǔ)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。first played in 776B.C. = which was first played in 776 B.C.Consolidation 鞏固1. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying2. With a lot of different problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled3. Dont use words, expressions or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known4. When I got back, I saw a message _ to the door_ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A. pin, read B. pinning, reading C. pinned, reading D. pinned, read2）作表語(yǔ) 表示主語(yǔ)的心理感覺(jué)或所處的狀態(tài)。許多動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞已經(jīng)被當(dāng)作形容詞使用。如：disappointed, excited, moved, puzzled, pleased, surprised, lost等。The window is broken. 窗戶碎了。Dont get so excited. 別這么激動(dòng)。1.用作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞被動(dòng)意味很弱，主要表示動(dòng)作的完成和狀態(tài)，此時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞。2.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞意味很強(qiáng),句子主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者，后面常跟by短語(yǔ)。 The glass is broken. The glass was broken by Tom. The windows are closed. The windows are closed by Jack.3.表示“感覺(jué)流露”的一些過(guò)去分詞(如:interested, surprised, excited, frightened, shocked)和一些過(guò)去分詞(如dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known)常用作表語(yǔ),表示狀態(tài).其中有些僅表示狀態(tài),毫無(wú)被動(dòng)意味。 How did the audience receive the new play? They got very excited. How did Bob do in the exams this time? Well, his father seems pleased with his results. She was very disappointed to hear the result. Hes quite experienced in teaching beginners. 作表語(yǔ)練習(xí)：Cleaning women in big cities usually get _by the hour.A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay該題考查分詞作表語(yǔ)的用法?！皌o pay sb. by the hour” 計(jì)時(shí)給某人報(bào)酬。此題被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)作表語(yǔ)。類似的有：get burnt, get hurt , get wounded.1. The rooms are _, so you cant move in. A. painted B. painting C. being painted D. to be painted2. As soon as he entered the city, he _. A. was losing B. got losing C. grew lost D. got lost 3. What he has done is really _.Now his parents are _ him. A. disappointing; disappointed at B. disappointing; disappointed about C. disappointing; disappointed with D. disappointed; disappointing by 現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義 現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表示狀態(tài)或完成 a moving movie 感人的電影 a moved audience 被感動(dòng)的觀眾 boiling water 正在燒(煮沸)的水 boiled water 已煮沸的水 developing countries 反展中國(guó)家 developed countries 發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家 falling leaves 落葉(正在進(jìn)行) fallen leaves 落葉(已經(jīng)完成)The child standing over there is my brother.The room facing south is our classroom.The book written by Lu Xun is very good.The road completed yesterday is leading to Tibet.第二講、過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)用法歸納英語(yǔ)中過(guò)去分詞可作賓補(bǔ)，（此時(shí)的過(guò)去分詞一般是及物動(dòng)詞）表被動(dòng)意義或完成意義，有時(shí)兩者兼而有之。做賓補(bǔ)的過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即賓語(yǔ)是過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。如：She found the door broken in when she came back.(賓補(bǔ)與賓語(yǔ)有被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，表一種狀態(tài)。)一過(guò)去分詞用在表狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞keep,leave等的后面。Eg:They kept the door locked for a long time.Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.(諺語(yǔ)：少說(shuō)多看）Dont leave such an important thing undone.Dont leave the windows broken like this all the time.二過(guò)分詞用在get,have,make, 的后面。1.注意“have +賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”的兩種情況：A）表讓某人做某事/讓某事（被人）做eg: I have had my bike repaired.The villagers had many trees planted just then.B)表遭遇到某種不幸，受到打擊/受.影響，蒙受. 損失Eg:I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.The old man had his leg broken in the accident.He had his leg broken in the match yesterday.(MET1986)2.make+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞,在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，過(guò)去分詞的動(dòng)詞必須是表示結(jié)果含義的。如：They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English.I raised my voice to make myself heard.三、過(guò)去分詞用在感觀動(dòng)詞watch,notice,see,hear,listen to ,feel,find等后面。如When we got to school,we saw the door locked.We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.He felt himself cheated.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.(NMET2000)四、過(guò)去分詞用在want,wish,like ,expect等表示“希望，愿望”這一類動(dòng)詞后面做賓補(bǔ)。如The boss wouldnt like the problem discussed at the moment.I would like my house painted white.I want the suit made to his own measure.I wish the problem settled.五、過(guò)去分詞用在“with +賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.With many brightly-coloured flowers planted around the building ,his house looks like a beautiful garden.With everything well arranged,he left the office.六、過(guò)去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、和不定式作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別?，F(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)：賓語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之間是主謂關(guān)系。其動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行。過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)：賓語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。其動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作。不定式作賓補(bǔ)：表一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作、或表一個(gè)很短時(shí)間內(nèi)看到、聽(tīng)到或感覺(jué)到的具體動(dòng)作。eg:He didnt notice me waiting.I heard the song sung in English.I saw him opening the window.I saw the window opened.I saw him open the window.I heard her sing the song in English. 專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練1：1._ poor at English, Im afraid I cant make myself _.A.To be;understand B.Im ;to understand C.Being ;understanding D.Being;understood2.I have had my bike _ ,and Im going to have somebody _ my radio tomorrow.A.repair;to repair B.repairing;to be repaired C.repaired;repair D.to repair;repairing3.You must get the work _ before Friday.A.do B.to do C.doing D.done4._ the room,the nurse found the tape-recorder _.A.Entering;stealing B.Entering;gone C.To have entered; being stolen D.Having entered;to be stolen5.We are pleased to see the problem _ so quickly.A.settled B.having been settled C.be settled D.settling 6.Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong again.(上海1999）A.it B.it repaired C.repaired D.to be repaired7.It is wise to have some money _ for old age.(NMET1996)A.put away B.keep up C.give away D.laid up (put away 放好, 儲(chǔ)存.備用, 處理掉, 放棄, 拋棄)8.I dont want the children _ out in such weather.A.take B.to take C.taken D.taking 9.Im afraid that I cant make myself _ be cause of my poor English.A.understand B.understanding C.to understand D.understood10.The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied (表動(dòng)作完成）專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練2：1.We found her greatly _.A.improving B.changed C.to help D.having disturbed2.Jane got her bad tooth _ at the dentists.A.to put in B.pulled out C.pushed out D.drawing out3.When _ ,the museum will be open to the public next year.(上海2002)A.completed B.completing C.being completed D.to be completed 4.With a lot of difficulties _ ,they went to the seashore and had a good rest.A.settled B.settling C.to settle D.being settled5.The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.(NMET2002)A.begins B.having begun C.beginning D.begun( once begun 在句中作狀語(yǔ)，begin為及物動(dòng)詞:“著手”）6._ ,they went home,_.A.Their work had been finished;singing and laughingB.They had finished their work;sang and laughed C.Their work finished ;singing and laughingD.after their work finished;singing and laughing7.Before he came to London,he had never heard a single English word _A.speaking B.speak C.spoken D.to speak8._ more attention,the trees could have grown better.A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given 9._ from space,the earth with water _70 of its surface looks like a blue blanket.A.Seen ;covered B.Being seen;covers C.Seeing;covering D.Seen;covering10._,the experiment will be successful.A.If carefully doing B.If it done carefully C.If carefully done D.If doing carefully11.The girl wrote a composition without _.A.ask B.asking C.being asked D.to be asked 12.He finished his homework and then went on _me.A.helping B.with help C.with helping D.to help13._where to go ,he asked a policeman.A.Having lost his way and not knowingB.Losing his way and didnt knowC.Having lost his way and didnt knowD.Lost his way and didnt know 14._ her friend was badly hurt,she burst into tears.A.Hearing B.Having heard C.To hear D.Heard15._ his team had won, his face lit up at once.A.Knowing B.When knowing C.After knowing D.When he knew專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練3：1.They hurried back home only to find their house _ into.A.break B.to break C.broken D.breaking 2.When he came to,he found himself _ on a chair, with his hands _ back.A.to sit;tied B.sitting;tying C.sat;tied D.sitting;tied3.We do not feel _ to enter modern buildings;everything about them seems unfriendly.A.invited B.inviting C.to invite D.to be invited(feel后加形容詞，此處的invited 表主語(yǔ)we 的感受)4.Im going to have my letters _ tomorrow if Ive got them ready by then.A.to type B.type C.typed D.typing5.Every great culture in the past had its own ideas of beauty _ in art and literature.A.expressed B.to express C.being expressed D.to be expressed答案：專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練1：1-10 DCDBA CACDD專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練2：:1-15 BBAAD DDADC CDDAD專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練3：:1-5 CDACA第三講、Past Participle As the adverbial 過(guò)分作狀語(yǔ)Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.Well-known for their expertise, his parents company .Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.Exhausted, I slid into the bed and fell fast asleep.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)：過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情況，其等同于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。vt 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)與主句主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示被動(dòng)和完成，vi 過(guò)去分詞表示狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作的完成。Heated , water changes into steam .The professor came in, followed by a group of young people .1 作原因狀語(yǔ)，等于as / since / because 引導(dǎo)從句Moved by what she said ,we couldnt help crying . = ( As we are moved by what she said 2 作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，等于when 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間從句，如果分詞表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，可在分詞前加when/ while / until 等使時(shí)間意義更明確。When heated , water can be changed into steam .Seen from the hill ,the park looks very beautiful .= ( When the park is seen from the hill3 作條件狀語(yǔ)等于 if / whether 引導(dǎo)從句 Given more attention , the cabbages could have grown better .= ( If they have been given more attention .Compared with you , we still have a long way to go = ( If we are compared with you 4 作方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)The actress came in , followed by her fans .She sat by the window , lost in thought .5 作讓步狀語(yǔ)Much tired ,he still kept on working .（Although he was tired ,) he .6 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)： 當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是主句主語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞可以有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。常用來(lái)表示伴隨情況。The boy rushed into the classroom , his face covered with sweat .All things considered ,your article is of great value than hers .Rewrite with proper conjunctions Example : United we stand, divided we fall. If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided,we will fall.1 Asked what had happened, he told us about it.When he was asked what had happened, 2 Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.Because he was well known for his expert advice, 3 Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better. If we were given more time,4 Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.Once it was translated into Chinese,5 Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.Because she was deeply interested in medicine,6 Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all.Although he was left alone at home,現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，；而過(guò)去分詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間則表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 Seeing these pictures, I couldnt help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing . Seen from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more magnificent. (see) 選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的主語(yǔ)。如分詞的動(dòng)作是主句的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過(guò)去分詞。例如： Used for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，這本書(shū)看上去很舊。 Using the book, I find it useful. 在使用的過(guò)程中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書(shū)很有用注意:1.系表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)_ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. ( lose)_ in white, she looks more beautiful.( dress) be lost in be dressed in be interested in be devoted to be supposed to be caught in the rain be seated in be prepared for be determined to2.不與主語(yǔ)保持一致的固定結(jié)構(gòu) generally speaking一般說(shuō)來(lái)strictly/ frankly speaking 嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)/坦白地說(shuō) judging from 從判斷 all things considered 從整體來(lái)看 taking all things into consideration全面看來(lái)例如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.從他的臉色看，他一定是病了。Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 總的來(lái)說(shuō)，狗比豬跑得快。 （speaking 不是dogs 的動(dòng)作）Practice 1. Complete each sentences using the P.P. of the right verb.build frighten trap follow shoot see examine1 _ by noises in the night, the girl no longer dared to sleep in her room.2 The lady returned home, _ by two policemen.3 After having been _ carefully, the room was locked again.4._ in 1949, the exhibition hall is over 50 years old.5 _ from a distance, the Opera House looks like ship sails.6 If _ in a burning building, you should send for help.7 Although _ in the leg, he continued firing at the police.練習(xí)1 _ time ,he will make a first-class tennis player .A Having given B To give C Giving D Given 2 _in 1636 ,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States .A Being founded B It was founded C Founded D Founding 3 Unless _to speak ,you should remain silent at the conference .A invited B inviting C being invited D having invited 4 _,but he still couldnt understand it .A He had been told many times B Having been told many timesC Told many times D Although he had been told many times 5 When first _to the market , these products enjoyed great success .A introducing B introduced C introduce D being introduced 6 There seemed to be nothing _to do but _for the doctor .A leave / send B left / to send C left / send D leaving / send 作介詞but ,expect ,besides 的賓語(yǔ)，前面又有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞 do時(shí)，不定式通常省去to 7_everywhere , the wolves had no where _themselves .A Hunting / hiding B To hunt / to hide C Hunted / hiding D Hunted / to hide 8 . The _ morning, the father came into the lonely house, _ by his naughty boy.A. following, following B. followed, followedC. following, followed D. followed, following9. Mrs. White was glad to see the nurse _ after her son and was pleased to see the boy