初中英語副詞的用法[1]1.doc

副詞（adverb，簡寫為adv）是一種用來修飾動詞、形容詞、全句的詞，說明時間、地點、程度、方式等概念的詞。副詞是一種半虛半實的詞。副詞可分為：地點副詞、方式副詞、程度副詞、疑問副詞和連接副詞。副詞連用順序：程度副詞+方式副詞+地點副詞+時間副詞。 副詞adverb 起修飾或限制動詞或形容詞作用、表程度或范圍的詞。 1) 時間和頻度副詞: now,then,often,always,usually,early,today, late, next,lastday,already,generally,frequently, seldom,ever,never,yet,soon,too, immediately, finally,shortly, before, ago,sometimes, yesterday. once，twice 2) 地點副詞: here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on. 3) 方式副詞: carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly 4) 程度副詞: much,little, very,rather,so,too,still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely,almost, slightly, hardly. 5) 疑問副詞: how, when, where, why. 6) 關(guān)系副詞: when, where, why. 7) 連接副詞: therefore,moreover,however,otherwise,then. 副詞在句中可作狀語,表語,補語，定語。 He works hard. （作狀語） 他工作努力。 You speak English very well. （作狀語） 你英語講的相當(dāng)好。 Is she in ? （作表語） 她在家嗎? Lets be out. （作表語） 讓我們出去吧。 Food here is hardly to get. （作狀語） 這兒很難弄到食物。 Let him out!（作補語） 讓他出去！ .修飾名詞的副詞放在被修飾詞之后 a. The villagers there are busy getting in wheat 1) 實義動詞之前，be動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后。 I am also Bush. I can also do that. I also want to play that games. I get up early in the morning every day. 我每天早早起床。 He gave me a gift yesterday. 他昨天給了我一件禮物。 She didnt drink water enough. 她喝的水不夠。 The train goes fast. 火車跑得快。 We can go to this school freely. 我們可以免費到這家學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。 They left a life hardly then. 當(dāng)時他們的生活很艱難。 He has a new hat on today. 他今天戴了一頂新帽子。 I have seen this film twice with my friends. 這部電影我和朋友看過兩次。 2) 副詞修飾形容詞,副詞時,副詞在前面,而被修飾的詞在后面。 Its rather easy, I can do it. 這很容易,我能做到。 He did it quite well. 他做得相當(dāng)好。 Its rather difficult to tell who is right. 很難說誰是對的。 Its so important that I must tell my friends. 這件事太重要了，我得告訴我的朋友。 Its much better. 好多了。 3) 頻度副詞可放在實義動詞的前面,情態(tài)動詞和助動詞的后面。 I often help him these days. 這些日子我經(jīng)常幫助他。 I always remember the day when I first came to this school. 我常常記得我第一次來學(xué)校的那一天。 You mustnt always help me. 你不能老是幫助我。 He seldom comes to see us. 他很少來看我們。 We usually go shopping once a week. 我們通常一周買一次東西。 The new students dont always go to dance. 新學(xué)生并不時常去跳舞。 4) 疑問副詞,連接副詞,關(guān)系副詞以及修飾整個句子的副詞,通常放在句子或從句的前面。 When do you study everyday? 你每天什么時間學(xué)習(xí)? Can you tell me how you did it? 你能告訴我你如何做的嗎? First, let me ask you some questions. 先讓我來問幾個問題。 How much does this bike cost? 這輛車子多少錢？ Either you go or he comes. 不是你去就是他來。 The students were reading when the teacher came into the classroom. 當(dāng)老師進(jìn)教室時，學(xué)生們正在讀書。 5) 時間副詞和地點副詞在一個句中, 地點副詞在前面,時間副詞在后面。 We went shopping in the supermarket at 9 oclock yesterday. 昨天九點鐘我們到超市買東西了. What were you doing in the classroom yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午你在教室里干什么？ The accident took place in the Eleven Avenue one hour ago. 一小時前十一號大街發(fā)生了一場事故。 6)否定副詞在句首，句子要倒裝，如： Never have I felt so excited! 我從來沒有覺得太激動了！ 副詞和形容詞一樣,也有它的比較級和最高級形式. 可以參考形容詞的變換形式。但以詞尾 -ly 結(jié)尾的副詞（除 early ）須用 more 和 most 。 hard harder hardest fast faster fastest early earlier earliest much more most warmly more warmly most warmly 單音節(jié)副詞的比較級是在副詞后面加上 -er 構(gòu)成的，最高級是在副詞后面加上 -est 構(gòu)成的。 near nearer nearest hard harder hardest 多音節(jié)副詞的比較級是在副詞的前面加上 -more 構(gòu)成的。 最高級是在副詞前面加上 -most 構(gòu)成的。 warmly more warmly most warmly successfully more successfully most successfully 有些副詞的比較級和最高級形式是不規(guī)則的。 well-better - best little - less(er) - least much- more - most badly - worse - worst far-farther(further)-farthest(furthest) 副詞的比較級和最高級用法同形容詞的比較級用法基本一樣。 最高級形式句中 the 可以省略。 He works harder than I. 他比我工作努力。 Lucy gets up earlier than Lili. 露西比麗麗起床早。 He runs fastest in our class. 他在我們班跑地最快。 He dives deeper than his teammates. 他比他的隊員潛水深。 Its true that he speak English more fluently than any of us. 他英語講的確實比我們?nèi)魏稳硕己谩?Our school team play football best in our region. 我們校隊在我們地區(qū)足球踢得最好的。 語法 Grammar in use形容詞的比較級和最高級 （1）構(gòu)成 A 大多數(shù)單音節(jié)形容詞的比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成是在其原級后面加上-er和-est： small-smaller-smallest new-newer-newest B 許多單音節(jié)形容詞只有一個元音字母，其末尾為一輔音字母。在比較級和最高級形式中，這個輔音字母要雙寫： big-bigger-biggest thin-thinner-thinnest C 許多單音節(jié)形容詞以-e結(jié)尾，如 nice。這些形容詞只需在原級形式后加-r和-st： large-larger-largest nice-nicer-nicest D 有些形容詞以-y結(jié)尾，而在-y前是一個輔音字母。這些形容詞一般有兩個音節(jié)。變?yōu)楸容^級和最高級時，-y要變成-i，末尾再加-er和-est： easy-easier-easiest heavy-heavier-heaviest E 但有少數(shù)形容詞的比較級和最高級是不規(guī)則的，必須熟記，如： good-better-best bad-worse-worst F 大多數(shù)較長的形容詞（即有兩個以上音節(jié)的詞）可與more連用構(gòu)成其比較級形式，與most連用構(gòu)成其最高級形式。 原級比較的基本用法1. 原級比較由“as形容詞或副詞(或再加名詞或短語)as ”構(gòu)成“原級相同”比較句，表示兩者比較；其否定式，即“程度不及”比較句型為“not so(as) 形容詞或副詞as”，而且asas結(jié)構(gòu)前可用just, almost, nearly, quite等表示程度的詞修飾 1) Walking briskly for thirty minutes will burn as many calories as . A to run for fifteen minutes B running for fifteen minutes C you run for fifteen minutes D fifteen?minute walking 2) The gorilla(大猩猩)， while A not quite as curious than B the chimpanzee(黑猩猩)， shows more persistence C and memory retention(記憶力) in solving D a problem. 3) Alaska is twice A as larger B as C the next largest D state， Texas. 2. “as (so)名詞as名詞”進(jìn)行名詞比較，這時一般情況下有一個表示原級的比較詞，但如果第一名詞前出現(xiàn)了形容詞修飾該詞或出現(xiàn)副詞修飾謂語，應(yīng)當(dāng)用so而不用as 4) Thomas Jeffersons achievements as an architect rival his contributions a politician. A such B more C as D than 5) I should say Henry is not much a writer as a reporter. (88年考題) A that B so C this D as 3. 表示“是幾倍”時用“twice; three times等 + as 形容副詞as.” eg. 1)This book costs twice as much as that one. 這本書的價錢是那本書的兩倍。 2)He has four times as many books as I have 他擁有的書是我擁有的四倍 比較級1. 比較級由“形容詞(副詞)比較級than，”構(gòu)成表示在兩者中間一方比另一方“更加”。連詞than后可接句子，也可接名詞、代詞、名詞短語、介詞短語、動詞、動詞不定式、?ING結(jié)構(gòu)和?ED結(jié)構(gòu)，有時也可省去than。 6) Natural mica(云母) of A a superior B quality is cheapest C to obtain than synthetic D mica. 7) She is older than . A any other girl in the group B any girl in the group C all girls in the group D you and me as well as the group 8) Josephine McCrackin joined A the “Santa Cruz Sentinel” in 1905 and， until her death fifteen years late B ， remained C active in journalistic D work. 2. 注意than前后兩項相比較的人或事物要一致 9) The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than . A ours B with us C for ours it had D it did for us 10) Sound travels air. A faster through water than through B faster than through water and C through water faster andD where it is faster through water than through 11) Gerbrand von den Feckhout， one of Rembrands pupils， followed A the style of his teacher so implicitly that B his paintings C are sometimes confused with his master D . 最高級1. 最高級用于三者以上比較，形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是“定冠詞形容詞最高級名詞表示范圍的短語或從句”(如all, of all, of the tree, in the world, that has ever taken place等) 12) The more A fearsome of all the B animals in C the Western D Hemisphere is the grizzly bear. 13) Of all economic A problems， inflation continues to be B a C most significant in its daily impact on D people and business. 14) ， the most familiar to general public is the criminal jurisdiction. A All the activities B The activities C Of all the activities D It is the activities 2. 副詞的最高級與形容詞最高級的區(qū)別在于最高級可以不用定冠詞the 特殊表達(dá)法一、形容詞與副詞的同級比較： 由“as(so)as”引出，其否定式為“not so”或“not asas”,考生還應(yīng)注意下列含有“as”結(jié)構(gòu)或短語的句子 1. as such：表示上文所指明的事或人 He is a child,and must be treated as such. 他是個孩子，必須被當(dāng)作孩子對待。 2. as much：表示“與同量” Take as much as you like. 拿多少都行。 I would gladly have paid twice as much for it. 就是價格再貴一倍，我也會愿意把它買下的。 He as much as admitted the whole story. 他幾乎全部承認(rèn)了。 3. as many：表示“與一樣多” I found six mistakes in as many lines. 我在六行中發(fā)現(xiàn)了六個錯。 二、表示“幾倍于”的比較級：用twice (兩倍)，four times (四倍)，ten times (十倍)加上as as 結(jié)構(gòu) This one is four times as big as that one. 這個是那個的四倍大。(這個比那個大三倍。) / Our campus is three times as large as yours. 我們的校園比你們的大兩倍。 / He has books twice as many as she does. 他的書比她多一倍。 1) The five?year deal obligates A the country to buy nine million tons B of grain a year C ， three million more as D the old pacts minimum. 三、“the same 名詞as”表示同等比較 2) The lens of a camera performs the lens of the eye. A in the same function B the same function as C the function is the same as D and has the same function 3) The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have as the amount of money borrowed. A as the same value B the same value C value as the same D the value is the same 四、比較級前可用a little, a bit, slightly, a great deal, a lot,many, much等詞語表示不定量，far, completely,still表示程度或更進(jìn)一步 4) There are now methods for studying color vision in infants than there once were. A more sophisticated than B much more sophisticated C much sophisticated D sophisticated 5) The photographs of Mars taken by satellite are than those taken from the Earth. A clearest B the clearest C much clearer D more clearer 6) Common porpoises(海豚) are usually not considered A migratory， although B some do move C to more warmer D waters in winter. 兼有兩種形式的副詞1) close與closely close意思是近； closely 意思是仔細(xì)地 He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely. 2) late 與lately late意思是晚； lately 意思是最近 You have come too late. What have you been doing lately? 3) deep與deeply deep意思是深，表示空間深度；deeply時常表示感情上的深度，深深地 He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film. 4) high與hi