專題冠詞講義.doc

專題（一）冠詞一、a與an的用法區(qū)別a用于輔音前；an用于元音前。1、I have been waiting for him for _hour and a half. (1980全國)A. the B. a C. an D. whole2、Five years ago her brother was _university student of _physics. (1990上海)A. a; the B. an; the C. an; / D. a3、 Please pay attention to your spelling. You have dropped _”m” here. (1989上海) A. an B. the C. / D. a 總結(jié)：(1) 拼寫以輔音字母開頭讀音卻以元音開頭的單詞 hour, honest, honor等單詞的拼寫雖然以輔音字母h開頭，但其讀音卻以元音開頭，因此，前面要用an。 (2) 拼寫以元音字母開頭讀音卻以輔音開頭的單詞 useful, university, usual, united, European, one-eyed, one-way等單詞的拼寫雖然以元音字母開頭，但其讀音卻以輔音開頭，因此，前面要用a。(3) 英文字母前用a還是用an的問題 在26個英文字母中，a, e, i, o, f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x等12個字母的讀音是以元音開頭的，其余字母的讀音則是以輔音開頭的。 二、不定冠詞的主要用法（一）(1)The Wilsons live in _A-shaped house near the coast. It is _17th century cottage. (2004浙江) A. the , / B. an, the C. /, the D. an, a。(2)Jumping out of _airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _exciting experience. (2002全國)A. 不填; the B. 不填; an C. an; an D. the; the (3)In _ review of 44 studies, American researchers found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cut the risk of _heart disease by 76%. (2006湖南)A. a; the B. the; a C. a; 不填D. 不填; a總結(jié)：1. 不定冠詞用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示泛指某類人或事物中的一個或任一個，意為“一個/位/座/項/段/次”（二）(1)I earn 10 dollars _hour as _ supermarket cashier on Saturdays. (2003上海)A. a ; an B. the ; a C. an; a D. an; the (2)Mrs. Tailor has _ 8-year-old daughter who has _gift for painting she has won two national prizes. (2005浙江)A. a, a B. an, the C. an, a D. the, a總結(jié)：2. 表示“(數(shù)量)一”“每一”“同一(of +a/an +n.)”1、When he left _college, he got a job as _reporter in a newspaper office. (2004天津)A. 不填；a B. 不填；the C. a; the D. the ; the總結(jié)：3. 用于作表語或作as的賓語的職業(yè)或身份的名詞前。三、定冠詞的主要用法 （一）(1)I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over _ keyboard. You shouldnt put drinks near _ computer. (2006北京)A. the; 不填 B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. a; a(2)Dont worry if you cant come to _ party. Ill save _ cake for you. (2006浙江)A. the; some B. a; much C. the; any D. a; little 總結(jié)：1. 定冠詞the的基本用法，即表示特指，相當(dāng)于this(這), that(那), these(這些), those(那些)。包括指上文提到過的人或事物，或者雙方都知道的人或事物2. 用于“the+比較級”表示“兩者中較的”那一個人或事物【真題再現(xiàn)】Of the two sisters, Betty is _ one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet. (2006安徽) A. a younger B. a youngest C. the younger D. the youngest 3. 用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表示某類事物的整體?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】Alexander Graham Bell invented _telephone in 1876. (1991全國) A.不填 B. a C. the D. one 4. 用于介詞短語中的方位名詞前。 【真題再現(xiàn)】Summer in _south of France is for _most part dry and sunny. (2000京春) A. /, a B. the, / C. /, / D. the, the在沒有介詞的方位名詞前，不用冠詞。如：We stood at the top of the mountain _east of the city, watching _burning sun rising. A. 不填；a B. the; a C. the; the D. 不填；the5. 用于最高級形容詞或副詞前。 【真題再現(xiàn)】Of all _reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my fathers advice was _ most important one. (2006遼寧)A. the; a B. 不填；a C. 不填; the D. the; the6. 用于play后的西洋樂器名詞前。 【真題再現(xiàn)】After watching _TV, she played _violin for an hour. (1991全國) A. 不填, 不填 B. the, the C. the, 不填 D. 不填, the 用于“the +逢十的復(fù)數(shù)基數(shù)詞”前表示年代?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】It is not rare in _that people in _fifties are going to university for further education. (1999上海) A. 90s; the B. the 90s; / C. 90s; their D. the 90s; their 8. 用于“the+比較級，the+比較級”(越就越)句型中?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】It is believed that _ you work, _result youll get. (1993上海) A. the harder; the better B. the more hard; the most better C. the harder; a better D. more hard; more better9用于by the dozen/gallon/ ton/yard/ year/month/day/hour等結(jié)構(gòu)中表示計量單位，意為“按/以(賣/租/付款)”，常與buy, sell, rent, charge等動詞連用。 【真題再現(xiàn)】As a rule, the workers are paid _.(2004上海春)A. by the hour B. by hour C. by an hour D. by hours注意：表示工人的工資“按小時付”用by the hour。在by weight(按重量)中不用the。10. 用于“動詞+人+介詞+the+人體部位或衣著”中：用于該句型的動詞常常是表示“打、抓、牽、拉、拍、踢”等之類的動詞?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in _ leg. (2001上海)A. a B. one C. the D. his 四、零冠詞的主要用法(即不用冠詞的情況)1. 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示泛指和不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時不用冠詞。【真題再現(xiàn)】(1)The sign reads In case of _fire, break the glass and push _red button. (2003全國)A. 不填；a B. 不填；the C the; the D. a; a （2）Everywhere man has cut down _ forests in order to grow crops, or to use _ wood as fuel or as building material. (2006重慶25)A. the; the B. the; / C. /；the D. /；/ 2. 在as(雖然)引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句前面的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞。 【真題再現(xiàn)】_, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. (2005重慶)A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student 3. man(人，人類), word(消息)的前面不用冠詞。 【真題再現(xiàn)】While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made _ discovery which completely changed _ mans understanding of colour. (2004廣東) A. a不填 B. athe C. 不填the D. thea 4. 學(xué)科名詞前不用冠詞。 【真題再現(xiàn)】She is _ newcomer to _chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries. (1994全國) A. the; the B. the; 不填 C. a; 不填 D. a; the注：下列3種情況雖未曾考過，但仍需注意： (1)球類運動和棋類游戲名詞前不用冠詞。如play football踢足球。 (2)在某些獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中。如： The teacher came in, book in hand. 老師進(jìn)來了，手里拿著一本書。(3)在表示“變成”的turn后作表語的名詞不用冠詞。如：He will never turn traitor. 他絕不會成為叛徒。五、有關(guān)冠詞使用的疑難問題1. 序數(shù)詞前冠詞的使用問題：強調(diào)順序時用定冠詞；當(dāng)不強調(diào)順序，而是表示在原來的基礎(chǔ)上增加，即“又，還，再”時，用不定冠詞。如：【真題再現(xiàn)】The cakes are delicious. Hed like to have _third one because _second one is rather too small. (2002上海春) A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a2. school, bed等前面冠詞的使用問題：像bed, table, class, school, college, church, hospital, prison等名詞，在指這些家具、建筑或場所本身時用冠詞，但若指它們所具有的作用或功能時，則不用冠詞，此時多用于go to或者be in/at之后?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】(1)Where is Jack? I think he is still in_ bed, but he might just be in _ bathroom. (1992全國) A. 不填；不填 B. the；the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；the (2)When you come here for your holiday next time, dont go to _hotel; I can find you _bed in my flat. (2004全國) A. the; a B. the; 不填 C. a; the D. a; 不填 3. 專有名詞前的冠詞使用問題：一般不用冠詞，如John, China等。但以下幾種情況用冠詞：“the姓氏復(fù)數(shù)”：表示“某某夫婦”或“姓某的一家人”。真題再現(xiàn)】Who did you spend last weekend with? _. (1998上海)A. Palmers B. The Palmers C. The Palmers D. The Palmers “a(n)+人名”：表示“式的人物”或“(有)一個名叫的人”?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? Sorry, wrong number. There isnt _Mr. Smith here. (2006全國I)A.不填 B. a C. the D. one由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前通常要加the?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】(4)According to _World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent _spread of AIDS. (2006陜西)A. the; 不填 B. the; the C. a; a D. 不填; the注：(1)表示特指時專有名詞前也可能用the。如the Gorge of China (中國的高爾基)，the China of the 1960s(20世紀(jì)60年代的中國)，the Smith youre looking for(你在找的那個史密斯)。(2)若是在“專有名詞(人名或地名)普通名詞”構(gòu)成的專有名詞前不用冠詞，如Beijing University(北京大學(xué)), Yale University(耶魯大學(xué))。4. 物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞前冠詞的使用問題：一般不用冠詞，但特指時要用the。 【真題再現(xiàn)】I know you dont like _ music very much. But what do you think of _ music in the film we saw yesterday? (2006全國II)A. /; / B. the; the C. the; / D. /; the注：下列兩種情況也用冠詞： (1)有的抽象名詞具體化后，前面要加不定冠詞。如a surprise一件預(yù)料之外的事，a pity /shame (一件令人遺憾的事), a success(一件成功的事或一個成功的人)，a pleasure(一件快樂的事)，a time(一段時間)?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】There was _time _I hated to go to school. (2004湖北) A. a, that B. a, when C. the, that D. the, when(2)不定冠詞可在coffee, tea, beer, drink等物質(zhì)名詞前表示“一杯/罐/瓶”。如：Id like a tea(=a cup of tea), please.我要來杯茶。5. 表示季節(jié)、月份、星期的名詞前的冠詞使用問題：一般不用冠詞，但特指時用the；表示某個，或者受形容詞修飾表示具有某種特點時可用a/an。如the spring of 1998(1998年的春天)，a hard winter(一個嚴(yán)寒的冬天)。 【真題再現(xiàn)】I cant remember when exactly the Rohinsons left _city. I only remember it was_ Monday. (2005湖南)A. the, the B. a, the C. a, a D. the, a 6. 獨一無二的事物名詞前冠詞的使用問題：像world, earth, sun, moon, sky, universe等獨一無二的事物名詞前通常用定冠詞，但前面有形容詞修飾，表示“一個的”時，用不定冠詞。 【真題再現(xiàn)】(2)It is _world of wonders, _world where anything can happen. (2004福建) A. a, the B. a, a C. the, a D. /, / 注意：以下兩點也需留意(1)有后置定語的名詞不一定用the，因為在指一類事物時用a/an。如： Id like to buy a present that is useful but not expensive. (我想買一件價格不貴但又有用的那樣一類禮物。) (2)表示三餐的名詞前通常不用冠詞，但特指時用the，有定語修飾時，可用a/an。如： After _quick breakfast, she went to school by _bike. A. a, a B. the, a C. a, / D. /, / 不定冠詞在短語中的運用1 無冠詞：make room留空take place 發(fā)生Catch sight of 看見make sense 有意義Take hold of 抓住keep order維持秩序 by train/bus2 有冠詞：have a gift for 有天賦 make a present for 給做禮物take a look at 看一看make a difference 有差別do sb. a favor給某人恩惠have a cold感冒have /lead /live a life過著樣的生活on the telephone打電話3 有無定冠詞 the 的區(qū)別Out of question毫無疑問Out of the question毫無可能In charge of 負(fù)責(zé)in the charge of 被負(fù)責(zé) in store 儲備in the store 在商店on watch 值班on the watch 留意 at church做禮拜；at the church 在教堂 1)For him _ stage is just _ means of making a