專題訓練一：簡單句和并列句]

精品文檔中考英語復習專項 簡單句和并列句 引言：句子的分類。根據(jù)語氣可分為：陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。根據(jù)結構可分為：簡單句、并列句和復合句。 簡單句是只包括一個主謂結構的句子。主語： 定語：( )謂語： 狀語： 賓語： 賓補： 表語： 并列句是包含兩個或兩個以上主謂結構的句子，句子之間常用并列連詞連接。常見的連詞有and, but, or, so等。一、常見的五種基本句型。1. ，主謂，謂語動詞一般為不及物動詞； The bus stopped. S Vi Tom has arrived.2. ，主謂（系）表，謂語動詞一般為連系動詞；（表語可以是名詞，形容詞，動詞不定式、動名詞短語、介詞短語或句子等）。 連系動詞主要有：be(am, is, are), look(看起來), sound（聽起來）, smell（聞起來）, taste（嘗起來）, feel（感到，摸起來）；stay/keep(保持)；seem(好像，似乎). turn/get/become/grow(變得); appear(呈現(xiàn))：appear red The skirt looks beautiful. S V P she is a student. My dream is to be a teacher.3.DO，主謂賓，謂語動詞一般為及物動詞，如果是不及物動詞，后面要跟介詞再接賓語； I like English. S V DO She likes watching TV. She wants to go shopping. Tom gets to school at 6:00am. Tom often laughs at me. Jim is making a kite.4.DOC，主謂賓補，賓語補足語可以是形容詞、名詞、動詞不定式等. I find English easy. S V DO OC They keep their eyes closed.She asked me to go shopping. She makes me laugh. I wish you a good holiday I find Tom a clever boy. I can hear Tom singing an English song.5. ，主謂雙賓，接雙賓語的動詞有buy, give, show, tell, teach, offer, provide等。一般物為直接賓語（DO），人為間接賓語（IO）。 (give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. )(buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb.) She gave me a pen. S V IO DO She buy me a pen.二、常見的并列句：(1) 用來連接兩個并列概念的連接詞有and , not onlybut also, neithernor,as well as等,and所連接的前后分句往往表示平行關系、順接關系、對照關系、先后關系、遞進關系。前后分句的時態(tài)往往保持一致關系,若第一個分句是祈使句,那么第二個分句用將來時。He likes playing football and he plays well.他喜歡踢足球，并且踢得很好。 Hurry up, and you will catch the early bus.as well as是英語中常用的連接詞(并列連詞)，側重于前項。The child is lively as well as healthy. 這孩子既健康又活潑。 = The child is not only lively but also healthy.(2) 表示在兩者之間選擇一個, 常用的連接詞有or, otherwise, eitheror等,前后分句的時態(tài)往往保持一致關系,若第一個分句是祈使句,那么第二個分句用將來時。 Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema（or譯為：或者） Hurry up, or you will miss the early bus. （or譯為：否則）(3) 表明兩個概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者轉折, 常用的連接詞有but, yet, still ,however, while(而)等,前后分句時態(tài)一致。 It has no mouth, but it can talk. 它沒有嘴巴，但是它會說話。（前后彼此矛盾，表示轉折）School is over, yet all the teachers are still working.學校放學了，可是老師們仍然在工作。（前后彼此矛盾，表示轉折）He wants to be a writer, while I want to be a scientist. 他想當作家，而我則想當科學家。（前后不矛盾，只是表示轉折）(4) 說明原因或理由, 用連接詞for ,前后分句時態(tài)一致。He has many good friends, for he is an honest man。他有許多好朋友，因為他是個誠實的男子漢。(5) 表示結果,用連接詞so, 前后分句時態(tài)一致。 Mr. Li went to his hometown, so Mr. Wang was taking his class instead李老師回家鄉(xiāng)去了，所以王老師代他的課。三、反意疑問句： 反意疑問句表示對陳述句所說的事實提出相反的疑問,要求對方用“yes”或“no”來進行回答。1) 構成：由兩部分組成：前一部分是陳述句,后一部分是疑問句,它是由be ,have, 助動詞或情態(tài)動詞+主語構成。如果陳述句是肯定結構,反意疑問句須用否定結構；反之,陳述句如果是否定結構,反意疑問句須用肯定結構。反意疑問句的兩部分,必須保持人稱和時態(tài)的一致；反意疑問句的回答有時會和漢語不同。陳述句部分附加問句部分注 意 點肯定陳述句否定的簡短一般問句當陳述句部分含有“是”動詞、(“有”動詞)、情態(tài)動詞和助動詞時,簡短問句中沿用該詞；否則就使用do/does/did.否定陳述句肯定的簡短一般問句如：He is old, isnt he? (他老了不是嗎？) Your father went to Japan, didnt he? (你爸爸去了日本，不是嗎？) He isnt old, is he? (他不老是嗎？) He seldom plays football, does he? (他很少踢足球，是嗎？) Tom has been to Japan, hasnt he? 比較：Tom has to do housework, doesnt he? There is little water, is there? Kate hardly speaks Chinese, does she? Please open the door, will you? (除Lets外的祈使句的反意疑問句用will you) Let us go swimming, will you? Lets go swimming, shall we?(Lets開頭的祈使句的反意疑問句用:shall we) Everyone is here, arent they ? (everyone 指人) Everything is ready, isnt it? （everything指物) I dont think Tom has done that, has he? (主要看賓語從句：I/we think/believe 引導賓從時否定前移) She thinks Tom hasnt done that, doesnt she? (只要看主句)2) 反意問句的回答：無論哪種形式的反意問句,回答時要遵循：“Yes,+肯定式”或者“No,+否定式” 如： The man went away, didnt he?(那人走開了,不是嗎？)Yes, he did.(是的,他走了。)/ No, he didnt.(不,他沒有走。) Tom didnt go there, did he?(Tom沒去那里,是嗎？)Yes, he did.(不,他去了。)/ No, he didnt.(是的,他沒去。) 四、選擇疑問句：提出兩種或兩種以上情況,需要對方作出選擇回答的疑問句叫選擇疑問句。1) 構成：(1)一般疑問句 + or + 第二選項？ (2) 特殊疑問句 + 第一選項(+ 第二選項)+ or + 第三選項？2) 選擇疑問句的結構與特殊疑問句相同,即要具體回答,不可以用yes / no回答。如：Is your friend a boy or a girl? A girl.Which do you prefer, coffee or tea? Tea, please.Which do you like best, singing, dancing or skating? -Dancing, of course. 五、祈使句：祈使句用來表示請求、命令等。它的主語you往往不說出。祈使句的肯定式： 動詞(原形) + 其他 如：Please give me a hand. (請幫忙) Shut up! (住嘴！) 祈使句的否定式：Dont +動詞原形 + 其他 如：Please dont talk in low voices. (請不要低聲講話。) Dont look back! (不要掉頭看。)注意 以“l(fā)ets”引出的祈使句的否定結構,“not”應放在“l(fā)ets”后面。如：Lets not trouble him. (我們不要打擾他。)肯定祈使句前可以用助動詞來強調語氣。如：Please do help me! (請千萬幫幫我。)（do起強調作用） 注意祈使句在復合句和其它一些情況下看作將來時： Please call me when she comes back. (主將從現(xiàn)) -Dont bring it here tomorrow. -OK, I wont.六、感嘆句：感嘆句用來表示喜怒哀樂等強烈感情。句末常用“！”1.what感嘆名詞。對含有形容詞的名詞短語感嘆的結構通常是：What + (a /an) + (形容詞) +名詞+ 陳述句結構(主謂語) ,感嘆可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。 如：What a kind girl |(she is)! (她是多么善良的一個女孩?。? What a tall tree | (it is)! (它是多高的一棵樹??！)感嘆可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)。 如：What kind girls |(they are)! (她們是多么善良的女孩??！) What tall trees | (they are)! (它們是多高的樹??！)感嘆不可數(shù)名詞。 如：What delicious food | (it is)! What bad/good weather | (it is )! What good news | (it is) ! What useful information | (it is) ! What good advice | (it is) ! What hard work |(it is)!What great fun | (they had) ! (have fun詞組) 特例：What a good time | (they are having) ! (have a good time詞組)技巧: what引導的感嘆句中的形容詞后肯定直接有一個名詞.2.how對形容詞或副詞進行感嘆：結構通常是：How + 形容詞/副詞 + 陳述句結構(主謂語) ,用來強調句子中的形容詞、副詞或動詞。how感嘆形容詞時，可以與what 感嘆句相互轉化。How kind | the girl is! (那個女孩多么善良??！) How tall | the tree is ! (那棵樹多高??！)how感嘆副詞時，不可以與what 感嘆句相互轉化。 How carefully | the old man walks! (這老人走路真小心！) How beautifully |Lily is singing! 有時,陳述句、祈使句、疑問句、一個詞或詞組,也帶有一定的感情色彩,也可以成為感嘆句,此時未必使用感嘆句型。He is sitting on a tigers back! (他坐在老虎的背上！) / A nice shot! (漂亮一擊！) / Good goal! (好球！)典型例題解析【例1】 John likes walking in the open air, .(2001，吉林) A.so does TomB.also does Tom C.tom likes alsoD.so Tom does 【例2】 Joke broke his leg，_?2001，南京A.did heB.didnt he C.do you D.dont you【例3】 There will be a volleyball match in our school, ?2002，福州A.be thereB.is there C.will there D.wont there【例4】 Neither he nor I_from Canada. We are from Australia.2002，山西 A.is B.areC.am D.be【例5】 There is a lot of_in the box.2002，吉林A.cake B.bags of cakes C.milkD.bags of milk 課時訓練1.We cant live_water. A.with B.has C.havent D.without2.We must hurry，_we will be late for school. A.and B.or C.but D.if3._you_she are like English. A.Both.and B.Neither.nor C.Either.or D.Not only.but also4.The number of the students_50. A.are B.am C.is D.have5.He was tired,_he still went on working. A.and B.but C.or D.also6._Lily_Lucy can go with you.Because one of them must look after their mother at home. A.Neither.nor B.Either.or C.Both.and D.No tonly.but also7.Will you go and get some more_for the teacher? A.chalks B.piece of chalk C.pieces of chalk D.pieces of chalks8._is made of _. A.Glasses，glasses B.A glass，glass C.Glasses，glasses D.A glass，glasses9.We are very tired,we should have_rest. A.half an hour B.an hour C.half a hours D.an hours10.I heard her_in the next room. A.singing B.sang C.go sing D.sing11.I usually have breakfast at home. _. A.So have I B.So do I C.I have so D.I do so12.Open the door，_? A.will you B.wont you C.dont you D.do you13.Sheep live on grass，_? A.doesnt it B.dont they C.does it D.do they14.He found_interesting to learn English. A.it B.this C.that D.those15.Why_the information on the Internet? A.not search B.search C.dont search D.do search 16.You usually play football after school,dont you? _.But today I want to read English. A.Yes，I do B.No,I dont C.No,I dont D.No，I do17._good weather it is today! A.How B.How a C.What D.What a18.He hasnt finished the work yet,has he? _.He finished it yesterday. A.Yes,he has B.No,he hasnt C.Yes,he hasnt D.No,he has19.I didnt finish my homework yesterday.He didnt finish his homework,_. A.too B.also C.either D.well20.Lets talk about the picture,_? A.will you B.wont you C.shall we D.shant we21.Its a beautiful day. _. A.so is itB.so it is C.so does it D.so it does22.There is going to _a sports meeting next week. A.have B.has C.hold D.be23._exciting the news is ! A.What B.What an C.How D.How an24.The weather in Beijing is worse than _ in Nanjing. A.that B.those C.it D.this25._TV is my mothers hobby. A.WatchB.Watching C.SeeingD.See句型轉換1.The mountain is very beautiful.(改為感嘆句)_ _beautiful mountain it is!2.How is the weather in China?(改為同義句)_the weather _in China.3.The boy is the most careless in his class.(改為同義句)The boy is _ _than _ _boy in his class.4.He didnt watch TV，his mother didnt either.(改為同義句)_he _his mother watched TV.5.I spent the whole afternoon learning English.(同上)I spent _ _ _learning English.6.I spent 100 yuan on the coat.(同上) I _100 yuan _the coat. I _100 yuan _the coat. The coat _me 100 yuan.7.He has worked in this school since 2 years ago. (對劃線部分提問)_ _has he worked in this school.8.He joined the aray 3 months ago.(改為同義句)=_ _3 months since he joined the aray.=3 months _ _since he joined the aray.=He _ _ _the aray for 3 months.9.The visitors had a good time in Beijing.( 改為同義句)The visitors _ _in Beijing.10.He will come back in a week.(對劃線部分提問)_ _will he come back?11.He has never been abroad.(改為反意疑問句) He has never been abroad，_ _?12.Dont go alone.(改為反意疑問句) Dont go alone,_ _?13.There is little meat in the fridge.(改為反意疑問句) There is little meat in the fridge, _ _?14.Why not ask the man over there?_ _ _ask the man over there?15.How many people are there in India?_ _ _of India?1. I hope that I will hear from you soon. I hope _ _ from you soon.2. I wonder how I can go there.I wonder _ _go there.3. When and where they should build a new power station is a difficult problem for them.When and where _ _ a new power station is a difficult problem for them.4. The teacher who is wearing glasses teaches us English.The teacher _ glasses teaches us English.5. My father got up early so that he could catch the first bus.My father got up early _ _ _ catch the first bus.6. The girl is so short that she cannot be a model.The girl is _ short _ be a model.7. Do you mind if I smoke here ?Do you mind _ _ here ?8. The girl who is dancing on the stage is my sister.The girl _ on the stage is my sister.9. I think it important that middle school students should learn English.I think it _ _ middle school students _ learn English.10. I feel that it is dangerous to play with fire.I feel _ _ to play with fire.11. Marx found that it was necessary to study Russia.Marx found_ _ _ study Russia.12. After his father died, he left his home town.He left his home town after the _ _his father.13. Dont forget to turn off the gas before you leave the kitchen.Dont forget to turn off the gas _ _ the kitchen.15. She wont go to see the play because she has lost her ticket.She wont go to see the play _ _losing her ticket.16. She went for a walk after she had supper.She went for a walk _ _.17. I could swim when I was eight years old. I could swim_ _ _ of eight.18. He was late for school because it rained heavily.He was late for school _ _ the _ rain.19. I dont know how I can answer the question.I dont know _ _ _ the question.20. Please tell me what I should do first.Please tell me _ _ _ first.21. He is so young that he cant join the army.He is _ _ _ join the army.22. She works so hard that she can pass the exam.She works _ _ to pass the exam.23. If you use your head, youll find a way. _ your _, _ youll find a way. 24. If you dont work hard, you wont pass the exam._ _, _ you wont pass the exam.25. The box is so heavy that we cant carry it.The box is _ _ _ us to carry.26. The problem is so easy that I can work it out.The problem is _ _ _me _ work out.27. I cant pass the exam if you dont help me.I cant pass the exam _your _.28. I saw that he was playing computer games.I saw _ _ computer games.29. She heard that the boy cried all night.She heard the boy _ all night.30. It seemed that he would catch up with others.He seemed _ _ up with others.將簡單句改為復合句1. The problem is too difficult for us to work out. The problem is _ _ that we _ work it out.2. Hurry up, or youll be late for the party. _ you _ hurry up, youll be late for the party.3. The tree is too tall for us to reach . The tree is _tall _ we cant reach_ .4. The teacher asked us to come earlier.The teacher asked us _ _ _ come earlier.5. The doctor put down the telephone , and hurried to Jims home._ the doctor put down the telephone, he went to Jims home as _ as possible.6. Dont play basketball here, or you may break the window. _ _ play basketball here, you may break the window.7. He came late because of the bad traffic.He came late _ the traffic was _ .8. He built a lab at the age of nine.He built a lab _ _ _ nine.9. I cant finish the work in time without your help .I cant finish the work if _ _ _ me . 10. The water was too dirty for us to drink.The water was _dirty that we _ drink _.11. At the end of the meeting his bag was lost.He couldnt find his bag _the meeting _over.12. The teacher told us to do the experiment. The teacher told us how _ _ _ the experiment.13. Could you tell me how to get to the station?Could you tell me _ _ _ get to the station?14. She likes pork a little, but she likes beef better.She _ beef _ _ pork.15. Mike is the tallest student in his school. _ _ in the school is taller than Mike典型例題解析【例1】 John likes walking in the open air, .(2001，吉林) A.so does TomB.also does Tom C.tom likes alsoD.so Tom does 【例2】 Joke broke his leg，_?2001，南京A.did heB.didnt he C.do you D.dont you【例3】 There will be a volleyball match in our school, ?2002，福州A.be thereB.is there C.will there D.wont there【例4】 Neither he nor I_from Canada. We are from Australia.2002，山西 A.is B.areC.am D.be【例5】 There is a lot of_in the box.2002，吉林A.cake B.bags of cakes C.milkD.bags of milk 課時訓練1.We cant live_water. A.with B.has C.havent D.without2.We must hurry，_we will be late for school. A.and B.or C.but D.if3._you_she are like English. A.Both.and B.Neither.nor C.Either.or D.Not only.but also4.The number of the students_50. A.a