中醫(yī)基礎(chǔ)理論關(guān)鍵名詞術(shù)語 (2).doc

中醫(yī)基礎(chǔ)理論關(guān)鍵名詞術(shù)語（key words） 緒論introduction8中醫(yī)學(xué)traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)中醫(yī)學(xué)理論體系theory system of TCM中醫(yī)基礎(chǔ)理論basic theory of TCM整體觀念holism concept五臟一體觀holism of five organs形神一體觀holism of body and spirit天人一體觀holism of human beings and universe醫(yī)學(xué)模式medical pattern辨證syndrome differentiation論治treatment variation 疾病disease證候syndrome 癥狀symptom體征physical sign 辨病disease diagnosing同病異治different treatment for the same disease異病同治the same treatment for the different disease第一章 中醫(yī)學(xué)的哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)ancient philosophic basis of TCM精jing (as the world origin in ancient philosophy) 氣qi (as the world origin in the ancient philosophy)精氣學(xué)說theory of jingqi生命life 中介medium氣機(jī) qi activity 氣化qi transformation感應(yīng)induction水地說hypothesis of jing originating from water and earth云氣說hypothesis of qi originating from cloud and air氣一元論monism of qi元氣一元論monism of qi陰陽yinyang; yin and yang陰陽學(xué)說theory of yinyang陰陽對立inter-opposition between yin and yang陰陽互根inter-dependence between yin and yang陰陽消長wane and wax between yin and yang陰陽交感inter-induction between yin and yang陰陽互藏inter-containing between yin and yang陰陽轉(zhuǎn)化inter-transformation between yin and yang陰陽自和reestablishment to yin-yang equilibrium陰陽平衡both yin and yang in equilibrium五行five elements五行學(xué)說theory of five elements五行相生inter-promotion of five elements五行相克inter-inhibition of five elements五行制化relationship of promotion and restriction of five elements五行相乘inter-invasion of five elements五行相侮reverse restriction in five elements五行勝復(fù)resistance of oppressed elements母病及子mother-organ disorder involving its child-organ子病及母child-organ disorder involving its mother-organ滋水涵木replenishing water to nourish wood培土生金reinforcing earth to generate metal益火補(bǔ)土tonifying fire to supplement earth金水相生mutual generation between metal and water抑木扶土inhibiting wood and strengthening earth培土治水cultivating earth to control water佐金平木assisting metal and calming wood瀉南補(bǔ)北purging the south (fire) and nourishing the north (water)宏觀觀察observation on macroscopic level中和golden mean類比analogy第二章 藏象viscera state藏象viscera state 藏象學(xué)說doctrine of viscera state臟腑viscera; zangfu organs五臟five zang organs心heart 肺lung 脾spleen 肝liver 腎kidney 六腑six fu organs膽gall bladder 胃stomach小腸small intestine 大腸large intestine三焦tri-jiao; sanjiao 膀胱u(yù)rinary blader奇恒之腑extraordinary fu organs腦brain 髓marrow骨bone 脈vessel女子胞uterus滿而不實full of essence without foodstuff實而不滿full of foodstuff without essence心主神明heart controlling mental activities心主血脈heart controlling blood circulation心藏神heart storing spirit肺主氣lung governing qi肺主呼吸之氣lung governing respiratory qi肺主一身之氣lung governing physical qi肺朝百脈convergence of vessels in the lung肺主行水lung governing water metabolism肺主治節(jié)lung governing coordinative activities ofviscera肺為華蓋lung being the canopy肺為嬌臟lung being the delicate organ肺主宣發(fā)肅降lung controlling dispersing outward and inwards氣門pore后天之本source of acquired constitution脾主運化spleen governing transportation andtransformation脾氣主升spleen governing ascending脾主統(tǒng)血spleen governing blood脾喜燥惡濕spleen preferring dryness to dampness肝主疏泄liver governing regulating肝主藏血liver storing blood肝體因而用陽liver of yin nature with yang functioning肝為剛臟liver being the resolute viscera罷極之本source of endurance先天之本congenital foundation腎藏精kidney storing essence腎陰kidney yin 腎陽kidney yang腎精kidney essence 腎氣kidney qi天癸tiangui腎主水液kidney governing water腎主納氣kidney receiving respiratory qi命門vital gate七沖門seven important portals膽主決斷gallbladder governing deciding胃主通降stomach managing downward transportation of food喜潤惡燥preferring moisture to dryness受盛化物containing and digesting泌別清濁separating the clear from the turbid上焦如霧upper-jiao resembling mist中焦如漚middle-jiao resembling fermenter下焦如瀆lower-jiao resembling drainage元神之府mentality house腦為髓海brain being the marrow sea心腎相交coordination between heart and kidney水火相濟(jì)regulation between water and fire肺為氣之主lung being the governor of qi腎為氣之根kidney being the root of qi肝腎同源liver and kidney sharing the same origin乙癸同源Yi and Gui sharing the same origin (liver and kidney sharing the sameorigin)精血同源essence and blood sharing the same origin藏泄互用interdependence between storing anddischarging納運相得inter-promotion between containing and digestion升降相因interdependence between ascending and descending燥濕相濟(jì)interdependence between drying andmoistening胃潤喜惡燥stomach preferring moisture to dryness第三章 精氣血津液神essence, qi, blood, body fluid and spirit氣qi 元氣primordial qi元陰primordial yin 元陽primordial yang氣機(jī)qi activity 氣化qi transformation氣海qi sea 衛(wèi)氣defensive qi宗氣thoracic qi 營氣nutrient qi原氣primordial qi氣能生血qi promoting blood production氣為血之帥qi being the governor of blood氣主升之qi promoting氣能生津qi promoting body fluid production氣能行血qi promoting blood circulation血為氣之母blood being the mother of qi血主濡之blood nourishing氣能行津qi promoting body fluid circulation氣能攝血qi governing blood津能載氣body fluid conveying qi血能載氣blood conveying qi氣能攝津qi governing body fluid津停氣滯body fluid retention causing qi stagnation血blood 精essence 神spirit精能化氣essence transforming into qi先天之精congenital essence后天之精acquired essence水谷之精foodstuff essence氣能生精qi promoting essence production津血同源body fluid and blood sharing the same source血汗同源blood and sweat sharing the same source膻中danzhong虛里heart apex津液body fluid第四章 經(jīng)絡(luò)meridians and collaterals經(jīng)絡(luò)meridians and collaterals經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)說theory of meridian and collateral; meridian doctrine經(jīng)氣meridian qi 經(jīng)脈meridian; channel絡(luò)脈collateral十二經(jīng)脈twelve meridians十二正經(jīng)twelve regular channels手太陰肺經(jīng)lung channel of hand taiyin(L)手陽明大腸經(jīng)large intestine channel of hand yangming(LI)足陽明胃經(jīng)stomach channel of foot yangming(St)足太陰脾經(jīng)spleen channel of foot tayin(Sp)手少陰心經(jīng)heart channel of hand shaoyin(H)手太陽小腸經(jīng)small intestine channel of hand taiyang(SI)足太陽膀胱經(jīng)urinary bladder channel of foot taiyang(U足少陰腎經(jīng)kidney channel of foot shaoyin(K)手厥陰心包經(jīng)pericardium channel of hand jueyin(P)手少陽三焦經(jīng)tri-jiao channel of hand shaoyang(TJ)足少陽膽經(jīng)gall bladder channel of foot shaoyang(G足厥陰肝經(jīng)liver channel of foot jueyin(Liv)奇經(jīng)八脈eight extra channels督脈governor vessel; Du meridian任脈conception vessel; Ren meridian沖脈flush vessel; Chong meridian帶脈belt vessel; Dai meridian陰蹺脈yinqiao meridian陽蹺脈yangqiao meridian陰維脈yinwei meridian陽維脈yangwei meridian十二經(jīng)別twelve divergent channels十五別絡(luò)fifteen large collaterals孫絡(luò)minute collateral浮絡(luò)superficial collateral十二經(jīng)筋twelve meridian musculatures十二皮部twelve coetaneous areas陽脈之海sea of yang meridian (governor vessel)陰脈之海sea of yin meridian (conception vessel)任主胞胎conception vessel governing uterus and gestation十二經(jīng)脈之海sea of the twelve meridians (flush vessel)血海blood sea (flush vessel)第五章 體質(zhì)body constitution體質(zhì)body constitution 形神合一harmonizatio 體格physique 體型body type人格personality 氣質(zhì)temperament性格character 素質(zhì)heredity理想體質(zhì)ideal body constitutions病勢disease tendency質(zhì)化（從化）property transformation第六章 病因pathogeny病因pathogeny 病因?qū)W說etiology辨癥求因pathogeny differentiation from symptoms and signs六淫six exopathogens 六氣six climates六邪six exopathogens傷寒exogenous febrile disease 中寒cold stroke風(fēng)性輕揚wind tending to drift善行數(shù)變migrant and variable風(fēng)性主動wind tending to migrate百病之長guide of various disease寒性凝滯cold tending to coagulate and stagnate寒性收引cold tending to contract寒則氣收cold retarding qi circulation暑性升散summer heat tending to ascend and disperse炅則氣泄heat causing qi exhaustion暑多夾濕summer heat usually accompanied with dampness濕性重濁dampness being heavy and turbid濕性黏滯dampneee being viscous and lingering濕性趨下sampness tending to descend燥性干澀dryness tending to desiccate火性趨上fire tending to flare up火易生風(fēng)動血fire causing wind and bleeding癘氣epidemic pathogens 瘟疫pestilence七情seven emotions七情內(nèi)傷inernal injuries caused by seven emotions怒則氣上rage causing qi to flow upwards喜則氣緩joy causing qi slack悲則氣消grief causing qi depression思則氣結(jié)contemplation causing qi stagnation驚則氣亂terror causing qi disorder恐則氣下fear causing qi collapse飲食不節(jié)improper diet 飲食不潔dirty diet飲食偏嗜diet preference形勞physical overstrain勞則氣耗overstrain causing qi exhausetion心勞heart overstrain 神勞psychological ovrestrain腎勞kidney overstrain 房勞sexual overstrain有形之痰visible phlegm無形之痰invisible phlegm瘀血blood stasis 結(jié)石calculus藥邪medicine abuse 醫(yī)過therapist fault胎弱congenital deficiency 胎毒fetus toxin第七章 發(fā)病invasion正氣healthy qi邪氣pathogenic factors遺傳病genetic disease感邪即發(fā)acute onset after affected徐發(fā)chronic onset伏而后發(fā)latent onset繼發(fā)secondary onset合病simultaneous onset并病following onset復(fù)病recurrence后遺癥sequela重感致復(fù)re-affected causing recurrence食復(fù)diet recurrence勞復(fù)overstrain recurrence藥復(fù)medicine recurrence情志致復(fù)emotion recurrence第八章 病機(jī)pathogenesis病機(jī)pathogenesis 病機(jī)學(xué)pathology病機(jī)層次pathological level基本病機(jī)basic pathogenesis實sthenia 實證sthenic syndrome虛asthenia 虛證asthenia syndrome虛實錯雜mixture of asthenia and sthenia虛中夾實asthenia with sthenia實中夾虛sthenia with asthenia虛實轉(zhuǎn)化inter-transformation between asthenia and sthenia由實轉(zhuǎn)虛sthenia transforming into asthenia因虛致實sthenia symptoms caused by asthenia虛實真假pseudo or true manifestation of asthenia and sthenia真實假虛sthenia with pseudo asthenia大實有羸狀excessive sthenia manifesting as excessive asthenia真虛假實asthenia with pseudo sthenia至虛有盛候excessive asthenia manifesting as excessive sthenia正勝邪退healthy qi expelling pathogen邪去正虛pathogen retreating with asthenia healthy qi邪盛正衰prosperous pathogen with asthenia healthy qi邪正相持struggle between healthy qi and pathogen正虛邪戀asthenic healthy qi with pathogen lingering陰陽失調(diào)imbalance between yin and yang陰陽偏盛excess of yin or yang陽偏盛yang excess 陽盛yang excess陰偏盛yin excess 陰盛yin excess陰陽偏衰deficiency of yin or yang陽偏衰yang deficiency 陽虛yang deficiency陰偏衰yin deficiency 陰虛yin deficiency陰陽互損inter-impairment between yin and yang陰損及陽yin impairment involving yang陽損及陰yang impairment involving yin陰陽格拒repellence between yin and yang陰盛格陽predominant yin rejecting yang格陽rejecting yang陽盛格陰predominant yang rejecting yin格陰rejecting yin陰陽亡失exhaustion of yin or yang亡陰yin exhaustion 亡陽yang exhaustion精虛essence asthenia 精瘀essence stasis氣虛qi asthenia氣機(jī)失調(diào)disorder of qi activity氣滯qi stagnation 氣逆qi adverseness氣陷qi collapse上氣不足qi failing to transport upward中氣下陷qi failing to lift氣閉qi blockage 氣脫qi exhaustion血虛blood asthenia 血瘀blood stasis出血haemorrhage 血寒blood cold血熱blood heat精氣兩虛asthenia of essence and qi精血不足asthenia of essence and blood氣滯精瘀qi stagnation and essence stasis血瘀精阻blood stasis and essence obstruction氣滯血瘀qi stagnation and blood stasis氣虛血瘀qi asthenia causing blood stasis氣不攝血qi failing to control blood氣隨血脫qi exhaustion resulting from hemorrhage氣血兩虛asthenia of qi and blood津液不足body fluid asthenia傷津body fluid impairment脫液body fluid exhausetion津液輸布障礙dysfunction of body fluid distribution津液排泄障礙dysfuncion of body fluid excretion水停氣阻water retention causing qi stagnation氣隨津脫qi exhaustion resulting from body fluid loss津枯血燥body fluid depletion causing blood stasis津虧血瘀body fluid depletion causing blood stasis血瘀水停blood stasis causing water retention內(nèi)風(fēng)endogenous wind風(fēng)氣內(nèi)動disturbance of endogenous wind肝風(fēng)liver wind肝陽化風(fēng)liver yang causing wind熱極生風(fēng)extreme heat causing wind陰虛風(fēng)動yin asthenia causing wind血虛生風(fēng)blood asthenia causing wind寒從中生cold originating from interior內(nèi)寒endogenous cold濕濁內(nèi)生dampness originating from interior內(nèi)濕endogenous dampness津傷化燥body fluid impairment causing dryness內(nèi)燥endogenous dryness火熱內(nèi)生heat or fire originatin from interior內(nèi)熱endogenous heat 內(nèi)火endogenous fire少火junior fire 壯火excessive fire陽亢化火excessive yang causing fire氣有余便是火excessive qi causing fire邪郁化火pathogen accumulation causing fire五志化火five emotions causing fire陰虛火旺yin asthenia causing fire疾病傳變pathogenesis transmission病位傳變focus transmission表里傳變transmission between interior and exterior表