最新2018高中英語閱讀理解技巧及其習(xí)題

精選文庫閱讀理解方法及技巧（一） 閱讀是獲得更綜合、更復(fù)雜、更精確信息的必要手段，考生在做閱讀理解時，不僅要看懂文章的字面意思，還需要針對不同題材和體裁的篇目運用不同的方法作出正確的選擇。一般來說，詞匯、閱讀速度和理解能力是閱讀理解中三個最重要并且有相互聯(lián)系的因素。 閱讀的方法可以使用以下幾種： 1.跳讀：就是快速的一步閱讀法。實際上是有選擇閱讀，找關(guān)鍵詞。用這種閱讀方法回答who、what、when、where之類的問題最為有效。2.略讀：指比跳讀慢些的二步閱讀法。即泛泛地、粗略地快速閱讀，目的是了解大意，對文章有個總的概念。此種閱讀方法能回答why、how之類的問題。3.精讀：即最細致、最慢的深層閱讀方法，目的是求得對所讀文章的全部意義的理解與掌握。 在使用閱讀技巧時盡量做到以下幾點： 1.帶著問題閱讀短文。 2.找出主題句、確定中心思想。 3.推斷單詞、句子和文章的含義。 4.盡快選擇答案。 （二）不同體裁文章的特點及解題技巧 1. 記 敘 文記敘文又可分傳記類和故事類。 傳記類文章在閱讀中時間是全文的關(guān)鍵，根據(jù)時間我們可以找到相關(guān)的事件，抓住文章的主要內(nèi)容。 故事類文章情節(jié)性較強，閱讀時要注意故事中的時間、地點、人物和發(fā)生的事件，這些都是文章中的主要內(nèi)容和信息，對于準(zhǔn)確理解文章十分重要。2. 說 明 文 說明文是對事物的形狀、性質(zhì)、特征、成果或功用等進行介紹，解釋或闡述的文章。把握所說明事物的特征和本質(zhì)是理解說明文的關(guān)鍵。說明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定義法、解釋法、比較法、比喻法、數(shù)字法、圖表法、引用法和舉例法等。 數(shù) 字 說 明 文 在閱讀數(shù)字說明文時要特別注意文中數(shù)字的含義，從這些數(shù)字中可以找到文章的主要內(nèi)容。 解 釋 說 明 文 解釋說明文著重說明事物的本質(zhì)、特征和功用等。許多科普文章都屬于這一類。在閱讀這類文章時要學(xué)會解決what, how, why 等一類的問題。它們是文章的關(guān)鍵。如能帶著這些問題閱讀，將會更迅速抓住文章的主題。 比 較 說 明 文 比較說明文是通過對比方法說明問題。在閱讀這類文章時要善于把握全篇陳述的基本傾向。作者在談?wù)撘粋€有爭議的問題時總要顧及到爭議的各個方面。但是，在一般情況下，作者的陳述總要傾向于某一種觀點。 應(yīng) 用 文 應(yīng)用文涉及的范圍比較廣，包括廣告、通知、書信等。應(yīng)用文一般語言簡潔，省略及不規(guī)范的句子較多。閱讀時一般要求考生全面掌握文章中提供的信息，并運用這些信息去解決問題。因此對題干的理解尤為重要。 （三）不同類型問題的解題方法與技巧 1.主旨大意類題型 主旨大意類題型主要測試學(xué)生對文章全面理解和概括的能力，提問的內(nèi)容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某段的段落大意。一般不易在文中直接找到答案。 1）常見提問方式 What is the topic of the text? (NMET93)The text is mainly about _. (NMET95)Whats the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?(NMET98) What would be the best title for the text? (2004全國)This article mainly tells about the story of _(NMET99)The writers purpose in writing this story is _. (NMET 2000)The subject discussed in this text is _. (NMET 2000) What does the text mainly describe? (2004全國)2）解題方法A.分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，找出文章主題 B.全面分析細節(jié)，準(zhǔn)確概括大意 C.抓住文章主線，歸納文章中心 A.分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，找出文章主題 在許多情況下，尤其在閱讀說明文和議論文時，根據(jù)其篇章特點我們可以通過仔細閱讀短文的第一句或第二句, 即文章的主題句來歸納出文章的主題。 若短文由若干段組成，除仔細閱讀第一段的首句外，還須仔細閱讀每一段的第一句，即段落中心。還有些文章中心句在全文的最后。此類文章往往以列舉事實開頭，通過論證最后闡述核心觀點。因此，仔細閱讀這類文章或段落的首尾句是關(guān)鍵 。（00C-59） Decision-thinking is not unlikepokerit often matters not only what youthink, but also what others think you thinkand what you think they think you think.Themental process(過程) is similar. The subject discussed in the text is_.Athe process of reaching decisions Bthe difference between poker and chessCthe secret of making good business plans Dthe value of information in winning games B.全面分析細節(jié)，準(zhǔn)確概括大意 在閱讀中一定要對文章中提供的信息進行全面的分析。既不能片面行事，亦不可隨意擴大。在解題時一定要仔細分析文章的細節(jié)，找出共同點，然后才能做出準(zhǔn)確的判斷。 C.抓住文章主線，歸納文章中心 有些文章像記敘文，主題思想不是通過一兩句話就可以表達的。這時就需要通過閱讀全文，抓住關(guān)鍵字或主要論題來歸納中心思想。 2.推測判斷類題型 要求考生縱觀全文，在掌握全文提供的各項信息的基礎(chǔ)上進行正確的邏輯推理，推斷作者的意圖；人物的動機、目的、性格特征；事件的前因后果； 語言中的語氣等。此類題屬于深層理解題，難度最大。但要取得高分就必須抓好此類考題。 1）常見提問方式 We can infer from the text that “computer-literate” means _. (NMET 99)From the text, we learn that the diary is now owned by _. (NMET99) Vanvergarges remark suggests that _. (NMET 98)After reading the story, what can we infer about the hospital? (NMET 96) What did Greg Rota probably do in the end? （2004全國） 在推測判斷題中典型的常用詞匯有： infer , imply , suggest和conclude。 此外提問中也可能含有表示推測的情態(tài)動詞，如can, could, would, might 等和其它表示可能性的副詞，如 probably, most likely等。 From the text we know that Dagmar is most likely _. (NMET 96)Which of the following might have happened afterwards? (NMET 91)This text is most probably taken from a _ . (NMET 94)In the writers opinion, a good stage school should _. (NMET 99) This text most probably appears in . （2004全國） 2）解題方法 A.利用已知信息，進行邏輯推理 B.結(jié)合一般常識，分析提供信息 C.注意表層意思，悟出深層含義 A.利用已知信息，進行邏輯推理 推理判斷題的答案一般在文中不可能直接找到，但這并不意味著讀者可以隨意判斷。解答此類題時必須充分利用文中所提供的信息進行合乎邏輯的推斷。 在做這類題時必須要注意兩點：第一，要分清題目是問作者的觀點還是讀者的觀點，二者不可混淆。第二，不要脫離原文憑自己意愿亂推測或只憑常識推測。所做出的答案一定要在文中直接或間接找到依據(jù)或理由。 B. 結(jié)合一般常識,分析提供信息 在對文章進行分析判斷時，有時在文章所提供信息的基礎(chǔ)上，讀者還需要運用一般常識進行合理推斷。 C.注意表層意思,悟出深層含義 在進行閱讀判斷時還要注意在語篇層面上進行深層的連貫性思考，要學(xué)會去偽存真、由表及里去推測作者的真正意圖?？荚囍羞@類題目不多但是難度較大，極易失分 。 3.細節(jié)類題型 細節(jié)題的考查每年高考中都有一定比例。一般難度較低，屬于淺層理解題，得分率較高。 The reason Father was in a hurry to get home was that he _. （99D-63） Awasnt feeling very well Bhated to drive in the dark Cwanted to take some exercise Ddidnt want to be caught by the police 表層信息是： daughter: you cant be healthy father: could go for a run深層信息是： father: wants to be healthy so he goes for a run every day was driving fast so that he could go for a run daughter: knew why he was driving so fast noticed that he didnt wear his safety belt 1）常見提問方式 以what, which, where等疑問詞開頭,后接短文具體內(nèi)容提問；以from the text, according to 開頭,后接短文具體內(nèi)容提問；以某個細節(jié)提問；以true, not true 提問；就文中細節(jié)進行簡單計算、排序、識圖等提問。 2）解題方法 細節(jié)類題型的共同特點是：就文中某一個事實或細節(jié)提問。要求考生在文中找出相關(guān)的事實或細節(jié)。此類題型的解題方法是：抓住提問中的關(guān)鍵詞，仔細閱讀文章中的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，一般可以在文章中直接找到或稍加歸納就可以找到正確答案。 NMET 1999-A-54 Which of the following shows the right order of what happened to the diary? a-Tom Brennan found the book in an office building b-The book was shown to James Green c-Cory Luxmoore arrived from England d-The book was left behind in a taxiA. a, b, c, d B. c, b, d, a C. a, c, d, b, D. c, a, b, d 在做細節(jié)題時一定要具有迅速獲取有效信息的能力。按考試說明規(guī)定做閱讀題的時間是35分鐘，但在考試中一般學(xué)生做閱讀題都超過了這一規(guī)定時間。問題在于考生閱讀速度太慢，缺乏一定的閱讀技巧。有些閱讀材料如新聞報道，故事，應(yīng)用文體等在閱讀時不必逐字逐句去理解，可先進行快速略讀（skim）領(lǐng)會文章大概意思，再看題目，然后根據(jù)題目要求再掃讀（scan）文章，獲取相關(guān)信息。與題目無關(guān)的內(nèi)容完全不必費時去理會。 NMET02C64. Which theatre offers the cheapest seat?65. If you want to see a play with old jokes and songs, which phone number will you ring to book a seat?66. We may learn from the text that Sue Townsend is _. 4. 猜測詞義類題型 在閱讀中常要求學(xué)生猜測某些單詞或短語的意思。歷年高考中均有此類題目。有的文章盡管沒有專門設(shè)題，但由于文章中常常出現(xiàn)生詞，因此，詞義的猜測還是貫穿在文章的閱讀理解之中。 解這類題目一般是通過上下文去理解或根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法去猜測。猜測詞義的具體方法是： 1）從文章 段落 句子的結(jié)構(gòu)去推測詞義。 2）借助作者對詞義的解釋。 3）從上下文的對比中猜到詞義。 4）運用常識進行判斷。 5）根據(jù)生詞所在句子的內(nèi)容斷定詞義。 根據(jù)段落或文章猜測詞義，是一種難度較大且復(fù)雜的閱讀技能。掌握這種技能的關(guān)鍵在于準(zhǔn)確全面理解段落或全文的內(nèi)容，并且靈活地運用猜測句子的多種綜合技能，才能達到猜測詞義的理想效果。 The underlined phrase “figure out” in the text means _. （97A-54） A. work out B. add up C. guess D. study The underlined word “l(fā)eg” in “Bicycle tour and race” probably means _ .( 96E 68) A. race B. practice C. part of the training D. part of the tour 02E74) What does the underlined word “hassle”（paragraph 1） probably mean? A. A party designed by specialists B. A plan requiring careful thought C. A situation causing difficulty or trouble D. A demand made by guests（04全國74） The underlined word “l(fā)and” in the last paragraph probably means . A. keep for some time B. successful get C. immediately start D. lose regretful（05全國44）The underlined word “chapter” in paragraph 2 means_. Aone branch of an organization Ba written agreement of a club Cone part of a collection of poems Da period in a societys history閱讀理解1、 O. Henry was a pen name used by an American writer of short stories. His real name was William Sydney Porter. He was born in North Carolina in 1862. As a young boy he lived an exciting life. He did not go to school for very long, but he managed to teach himself everything he needed to know. When he was about 20 years old, O. Henry went to Texas, where he tried different jobs. He first worked on a newspaper, and then had a job in a bank, when some money went missing from the bank O. Henry was believed to have stolen it. Because of that, he was sent to prison. During the three years in prison, he learned to write short stories. After he got out of prison, he went to New York and continued writing. He wrote mostly about New York and the life of the poor there. People liked his stories, because simple as the tales were, they would finish with a sudden change at the end, to the readers surprise.1. In which order did O. Henry do the following things? a. Lived in New York. b. Worked in a bank. c. Travelled to Texas. d. Was put in prison. e. Had a newspaper Job. f. Learned to write stories. A. e. c. f. b. d. a B. c. e. b. d. f. a C. e. b. d. c. a. f. D. c. b. e. d. a f. 2. People enjoyed reading O. Henrys stories because A. they had surprise endings B. they were easy to understand C. they showed his love for the poorD. they were about New York City 3. O. Henry went to prison because . A. people thought he had stolen money from the newspaper B. he broke the law by not using his own name C. he wanted to write stories about prisoners D. people thought he had taken money that was not his4. What do we know about O. Henry before he began writing? A. He was well-educated.B. He was not serious about his work. C. He was devoted to the poor.D. He was very good at learning.5. Where did O. Henry get most material for his short stories? A. His life inside the prison.B. The newspaper articles he wrote. C. The city and people of New York.D. His exciting early life as a boy.2、One day a few years ago a very funny thing happened to a neighbour of mine. He is a teacher at one of Londons big medical schools, He had finished his teaching for the summer term and was at the airport on his way to Russia to give a lecture. He had put a few clothes and his lecture notes in his shoulder bag, but he had put Rupert, the skeleton (人體骨骼) to be used in his lecture, in a large brown suitcase (箱子). At the airport desk, he suddenly thought that he had forgotten to buy a newspaper. He left his suitcase near the desk and went over to the shop. When he got back he discovered that someone had taken his suitcase by mistake. He often wonders what they said when they got home and found Rupert.1. Who wrote the story? A. Ruperts teacher.B. The neighbours teacher. C. A medical school teacher.D. The teachers neighbour.2. Why did the teacher put a skeleton in his suitcase? A. He needed it for the summer term in London. B. He needed it for the lecture he was going to give. C. He wanted to take it to Russia for medical research. D. He wanted to take it home as he had finished his teaching.3. What happened at the airport? A. The skeleton went missing .B. The skeleton was stolen . C. The teacher forgot his suitcase.D. The teacher took the wrong suitcase .4. Which of the following best tells the teachers feeling about the incident? A. He is very angry .B. He thinks it rather funny . C. He feels helpless without Rupert.D. He feels good without Rupert .5. Which of the following might have happened afterwards? A. The teacher got back the suitcase but not Rupert. B. The teacher got back neither the suitcase nor Rupert. C. The teacher got back Rupert but not the suitcase. D. The teacher got back both the suitcase and Rupert.3、 On the evening of June 21, 1992, a tall man with brown hair and blue eyes entered the beautiful hall of the Bell Tower Hotel in Xian with his bicycle. The hotel workers received him and telephoned the manager, for they had never seen a bicycle in the hotel ball before though they lived in “the kingdom of bicycles.” Robert Friedlander, an American, arrived in Xian on his bicycle trip across Asia which started last December in New Delhi, India. When he was 11, he read the book Marco Polo and made up his mind to visit the Silk Road. Now, after 44 years , he was on the Silk Road in Xian and his early dreams were coming true. Robert Friedlanders next destinations (目的地) were Lanzhou, Dunhuang, Urumqi, etc. He will complete his trip in Pakistan.1. The best headline(標(biāo)題) for this newspaper article would be . A. The Kingdom of Bicycles B. A Beautiful Hotel in Xian C. Marco Polo and the Silk RoadD. An American Achieving His Aims 2. The hotel workers told the manager about Friedlander coming to the hotel because . A. he asked to see the manager B. he entered the hall with a bike C. the manager had to know about all foreign guests D. the manager knew about his trip and was expecting him3. Friedlander is visiting the three countries in the following order, . A. China, India, and Pakistan B. India, China, and Pakistan C. Pakistan, China, and IndiaD. China, Pakistan, and India 4. What made Friedlander want to come to China? A. The stories about Marco Polo .B. The famous sights in Xian . C. His interest in Chinese silk.D. His childhood dreams about bicycles .5. Friedlander can be said to be . A. cleverB. friendlyC. hardworkingD. strongminded4、Mr. Grey was the manager of a small office in London. He lived in the country, and came up to work by train. He liked walking from the station to his office unless it was raining, because it gave him some exercise. One morning he was walking along the street when a stranger stopped him and said to him, “You may not remember me, sir, but seven years ago I came to London without a penny in my pockets, I stopped you in this street and asked you to lend me some money, and you lent me 5, because you said you were willing to take a chance so as to give a man a start on the way to success.” Mr Grey thought for a few minutes and then said, “Yes, I remember you. Go on with your story!” “Well,” answered the stranger, “are you still willing to take a chance?”1. How did Mr. Grey get to his office? A. He went up to work by train. B. He walked to his office. C. He went to his office on foot unless it rained. D. He usually took a train to the station and then walked to his office if the weather was fine.2. Mr Grey liked walking to his office because _. A. he couldnt afford the buses B. he wanted to save money C. he wanted to keep in good health D. he could do some exercises on the way3. Mr. Grey had been willing to lend money to a stranger in order to_ A. give him a start in life B. help him on the way to success C. make him rich D. gain more money4. One morning the stranger recognized Mr. Grey, and_ A. wanted to return Mr. Grey the money B. again asked Mr. Grey for money C. would like to make friends with him D. told Mr. Grey that he had been successful since then5. In the second paragraph, “take a chance” means _. A. Mr. Gray happened to meet a stranger B. Mr. Grey had a chance to help a stranger C. Mr. Grey helped a stranger by chance D. Mr. Grey took the risk that the stranger would not give back the money which he lent him 5、Even if you are a good high-jumper, you can jump only about seven feet off the ground. You cannot jump any higher because the earth pulls you hard. The pull of the earth is called gravity. You can easily find out the pull of the earth. If you weigh yourself, you will know how much gravity is pulling you. Since there is gravity, water runs down hill. When you throw a ball into the air, it falls back down. Because of gravity, you do not fall off the earth as it whirls (旋轉(zhuǎn)) around. Then, can we get away from the earth and go far out into space? Now you can do it, because spaceships have been invented. Then spaceship will go so fast that it can escape (逃出) the earths gravity and carry you into space.1. In this passage, the word “gravity” means. A. the pull of everything. B. the force of attraction(吸引) among objects. C. the force which attracts objects towards the centre of the earth D. the force which attracts the earth towards the sun.2. When you slip(滑) you always fall to the ground because A. the earth always turns round. B. the earth has gravity C. the earths gravity is greater than your weight. D. you are careless.3. Gravity is strong that A. it can throw a ball into the air. B. it makes you jump only seven feet. C. it can let you fly away from the earth. D. it can keep everything on earth.4. Because of gravity, A. water flows everything. B. we can go everywhere by ship. C. water always flows downwards. D. fish can live in water.5. We can get away from the earth by spaceship because A. the spaceship goes very fast. B. the earth cant pull the spaceship. C. the spaceship has a strong force. D. the spaceship can jump higher than other things.6、An expensive car speeding down the main street of a small town was soon caught up with by a young motorcycle policeman. As he started to make out the ticket, the woman behind the wheel said proudly, “Before you go any further, young man, I think you should know that the mayor of this city is a good friend of mine.”The officer did not say a word, but kept writing. “I am also a friend of chief of police Barens,”continued the woman, getting more angry each moment, Still he kept on writing. “Young man,”she persisted, “I know Judge Lawson and State Senator (參議員) Patton.” Handing the ticket to the woman, the officer asked pleasantly , “Tell me, do you know Bill Bronson.” “Why, no,”she answered. “Well, that is the man you should have known,”he said, heading back to his motorcycle, “I an Bill Bronson.”1. The policeman stopped the car because_ A. it was an expensive car B. the driver was a proud lady C. the driver was driving beyond the speed limit D. the driver was going to make trouble for the police2. The woman was getting more angry each moment because _.A. the policeman didnt know her friends B. the policeman didnt accept her kindnessC. the policeman was going to punish her D. she didnt know the policemans name3. The policeman was _. A. an honourable fellow B. a stupid fellow C. an impolite man D. a shy man4. The woman was _. A. kind-hearted B. a person who depended on someone else to finish her work C. trying to frighten the policeman on the strength of