現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式與完成式

現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式和完成式做狀語(yǔ),現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)（adverbial),現(xiàn)在分詞（thepresentparticiple）是由“動(dòng)詞原形+-ing”構(gòu)成?，F(xiàn)在分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)可以在句子中作狀語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步或伴隨狀況。基本句型：現(xiàn)在分詞（分詞短語(yǔ)），主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)其他句子成份。,現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài),現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式(doing)表示：其動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或是與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；eg:Workinginthecountryside,welearnedalotoffromthepeasants.（表時(shí)間）現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式(havingdone)表示：其動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前。eg:Havingworkedallday,Iwenttobedearly.（表原因）,eg1:Turningtotheleft,youwillseetheDagangHotel.（表?xiàng)l件）eg2:Hesatintheemptyhouse,feelingverylonely.（表伴隨）eg3:Havingfinishedhishomework,hestoptohavearest.（表原因）eg4:Thechildfelloffthetree,hittinghisheadagainsttheground.（表結(jié)果）,實(shí)例解說(shuō)（examples),1.Comparingdifferentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities.（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）whenwecomparedifferentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities.（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）,現(xiàn)在分詞（或短語(yǔ)）與狀語(yǔ)從句間的轉(zhuǎn)換,2.Havingexperiencedquiteafewearthquakes,Ididntfeelfrightenedanymore.(原因狀語(yǔ))As/Beacuse/SinceIhaveexperiencedquiteafewearthquakes,Ididntfeelfrightenedanymore.(原因狀語(yǔ)從句)3.Hesatintheemptyhouse,feelingverylonely.Hesatintheemptyhouseandfeltverylonely.(伴隨狀語(yǔ)從句),規(guī)律總結(jié)（一）,現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語(yǔ)，分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)必須一致。(如前例)現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語(yǔ)，分詞與句子的主語(yǔ)是主謂（主動(dòng)）關(guān)系。(如前例),規(guī)律總結(jié)（二）,適用于現(xiàn)在分詞一般式（doing）的兩種情況：（1）現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)同時(shí)與位于動(dòng)作的發(fā)生（過(guò)程中）；eg:Walkingdownthestreet,hehearssomeonecallinghim.（2）現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作先后發(fā)生，無(wú)時(shí)間間隔；eg:Arrivingattheairport,theyfoundtheirflighthadtakenoff.適用于現(xiàn)在分詞完成式（havingdone）的兩種情況：（1）現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的發(fā)生，并持續(xù)一段時(shí)間；eg:HavinglivedinTianjinformanyyears,hekonwstheplaceverywell.（2）現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作前多次發(fā)生，或有時(shí)間間隔；eg:HavingseenthatMarydancedintheparkmanytimes,Ikenwthatshelikeddancing.,專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練（一）,1.theirhatsintotheair,thefansofthewinningteamletoutloudshoutsofvictory.A.TothrowB.HavingthrownC.ThrowingD.Beingthrown2.Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.A.causedB.havingcausedC.causingD.tocause3.hegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice,thebreakfastuntouched.A.leftB.toleaveC.leavingD.havingleft,專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練（二）,4.fromthetopofthehill,wefindthecitymorebeautiful.A.HavingseenB.SeenC.SeeingD.Tosee5.whenthenews,shegotfrightened.A.HearingB.TohearC.HavingheardD.Bhequeneforhalfanhour,theoldmanrealizedthathehadlosthiswallet.A.HavingwaitedB.Towai