英語中考短文填空解題技巧

中考短文填空解題技巧I首字母填空題解題技巧字母填空題主要考察學(xué)生正確理解和書寫英語單詞。解答這種題需要平時(shí)扎實(shí)地打好基礎(chǔ)，單詞拼寫要過關(guān)，善于分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，熟練各種詞形首的變化，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)形式的變化，非謂語動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用等，另外，掌握必要的閱讀技巧，也很重要。一 跳過空格，通讀短文，了解大意根據(jù)首字母填空的題型，實(shí)際上相當(dāng)于完形填空，必須先快速通讀全文，盡量理解文章的主要內(nèi)容，再仔細(xì)揣摩需要填詞的句子，只有完全理解全句的意思，才能準(zhǔn)確填寫單詞。 二. 復(fù)讀短文，確定語義，判斷詞形。1 利用上下文的語境，結(jié)合所學(xué)過的知識，先確定空格處所需詞語的意義.2再根據(jù)空格在句子中的位置，判斷其在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，從而確定所填詞的詞性，再依據(jù)詞語搭配和語法規(guī)則，判斷所填的詞的正確形式。例如，單，復(fù)數(shù)、形容詞，副詞的級別、時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣及非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式等，要特別注意時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)及主謂一致。三.通讀短文，檢查答案。II、動(dòng)詞填空題解題技巧動(dòng)詞填空主要用來測試考生對動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞形式、語態(tài)及主謂一致等知識的掌握情況。因此，掌握好動(dòng)詞的各種形式及其用法是做此類題的關(guān)鍵。我們可以從以下幾方面著手： 一、確定正確的時(shí)態(tài) 1根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語來確定時(shí)態(tài)。例如，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語：already, yet, ever, never, just, before, for, since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)；since+過去時(shí)態(tài)的句子, so far, by now, in/during the last/past few years etc 2注意時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)。 在主從復(fù)合句中，主句謂語與從句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是相互照應(yīng)的。 1）在賓語從句中，如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)需要選用任何時(shí)態(tài)；如果主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句要用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)；如果從句表達(dá)的是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)不管主句是何種時(shí)態(tài)，從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。2）在狀語從句中，如果主句是一般將來時(shí)，或是祈使句，或是含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子，時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。3根據(jù)上下文確定時(shí)態(tài)。 有時(shí)句子沒有明顯的時(shí)間狀語，也不能用時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)規(guī)則來對照，這時(shí)就可以根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容來判斷時(shí)間關(guān)系，確定時(shí)態(tài)。如： 如： “Youve certainly touched my heart with your choices. And Im sure the Five Friendlies_(touch) the heart of the world.”句意是“你以你的選擇已經(jīng)震撼了我的心，我相信這五個(gè)福娃將會(huì)給世人帶來震撼?！焙缶涫枪P者對美好事物的祝愿，所以應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)。 二、確定正確的語態(tài) 我們在考慮時(shí)態(tài)的同時(shí)，也要考慮語態(tài)。當(dāng)句子的主語是謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；反之用主動(dòng)語態(tài)。如： “They _(choose) carefully by Beijing 2008 to represent.注意：不及物動(dòng)詞或相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞的短語動(dòng)詞（如listen，sleep，take place, happen，get up，grow up，break out，come in等）沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如Great changes have taken place in the last few years.The war broke out many years ago 但是，當(dāng)“不及物動(dòng)詞介（副）詞”構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞其作用相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 The children are looked after well 三、確定非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式 如果所給的動(dòng)詞在句子中不作謂語，就應(yīng)該考慮用動(dòng)詞的非謂語動(dòng)詞形式。 1 want，hope，wish，decide，would like，agree, learn, plan, choose, manage, offer to do2在enjoy，finish，mind，be busy，be worth，feel like，whathow about，cant help，practice，have funproblems ,miss, give up, suggest, look forward to, succeed in, pay attention to, keep, be worth, allow -ing 3tell, ask, order, encourage, advise, teach, want, wish, allow sb to do4.remember, forget, stop, try, mean, love, like, need, go on, continue, be used to do/doing5.感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞 feel sb do/doinglisten to, hear sb do/doingmake, let, have sb do (have sth done)look at, watch, see, notice sb do/doing 在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中用to do 七、首字母填空：先通讀下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和所給首字母，在空格內(nèi)填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使短文意思完整，所填單詞在題后橫線上必須完整寫出。(本大題共6分，每小題0.5分)A survey has been published which shows that British people dont like their neighbours very much. 80% of the people who took part in the survey feel that their neighbours h 1 pay attention to others feelings. 25% dont talk to the people who live next door and 10% dont even know their n 2 . In fact, one million people in Britain would like to m 3 because they dont get along w 4 with their neighbours.According to the survey, the b 5 problem is noise. Many of the c 6 about noise came from people who live in flats and old houses. These places often have thin walls which cant s 7 the noise from next door.The other main problems are disagreements about car parking space, and old people complaining about the y 8 . Some disagreements last a long time. In one case, people w 9 live in the same building havent talked to each other for fifteen years. Sometimes the disagreements end in violence ( 暴力 ). In one of the worst cases, a man killed a neighbour because he kept p 10 in “his space”.Another survey shows that 90% of the neighbours never s 11 a meal. 80% have never had a drink together and 20% have never even spoken. However, when neighbours become each others friends, they are ofte