自學(xué)考試《英語(一)》復(fù)習(xí)資料第四章

免費？宅在家學(xué)英語？怎么報名？最牛英語口語培訓(xùn)模式：躺在家里練口語，全程外教一對一，三個月暢談無阻！ 洛基英語，免費體驗全部在線一對一課程： /wenkxd.htm（報名網(wǎng)址）Improving Your Memory本課主要語言點1. psychological adj. 心理學(xué)的Psychological factors often play an important part in winning a competition.(在贏得一場比賽中，心理因素常常起著重要作用。)2. focus v. (使)聚焦，(使)集中 ( focus on ) n. 焦點，中心He is focusing his eyes on a painting on the wall.(他正注視著墻上的一幅畫。)3. basic adj. 基本的，基礎(chǔ)的He even didnt have a basic aim in life.(他連生活的基本目標(biāo)都沒有。)It is necessary to teach them some basic mathematical skills.(教他們一些基本的數(shù)學(xué)技能是必要的。)4. principle n. 原理，原則;信念on principle 原則上principal adj. 主要的n. 校長，負(fù)責(zé)人;委托人5. meaningfulness n. 富有意義mean v. 表示意思，意味著;打算meaning n. 意思，意義meaningful adj. 有意思的，意味深長的meaningless adj. 沒有意6. organization n. 組織;機構(gòu)organize v. 組織7. association n. 聯(lián)合，結(jié)合;交往;協(xié)會associate v. 使聯(lián)合;把聯(lián)想起來;交往 ( associate with )associate adj. 副的an associate professor 副教授an associate editor副主編8. Visualization n. 想像，設(shè)想visualize v. 設(shè)想，想像visual adj. 視覺的;看的見的;形象化的9. Rhyme v. 韻，押韻Rhythm n. 節(jié)奏10. ability n. 能力，才能11. random adj. 胡亂的，任意的，隨意的n. 無目的或目標(biāo)This is just a random selection of all the complaints we have received about our after service.(我們只是對所收到的有關(guān)售后服務(wù)方面的投訴隨意地選擇了一下。)He opened the books at random.(他胡亂地打開了書。)12. categorize v. 分類category n. 種類;范疇;部門If you categorize the information you need to remember， you will find it much easier.(如果你把所需記憶的信息分類，你就會覺得記憶起來要容易得多。)13. following adj. 接著的，下述的prep. 在之后The following examples will prove my point.(下面的例子將證實我的觀點。)Following the discussion a decision was made.(討論之后便做出了決定。)14. needless adj. 不需要的，不必要的Needless to say， I dont think much of the proposal he put forward at the meeting.(不用說，我覺得他在會上提的建議不怎么樣。)You dont have to take such a needless risk.(你不用去冒這種不必要的險。)15. Refer v. ( to ) 提到，涉及;參考，查閱;把歸到上;使向請教;有關(guān)聯(lián)Reference n. 參考;提及;關(guān)聯(lián)He referred to her former classmates for her character.(他向她以前的同學(xué)詢問她的品行。)He referred his defeat to poor health.(他把自己的失敗歸因于身體不好。)These answers are for reference only.(這些答案僅供參考。)16. relate v. ( to ) 有關(guān)聯(lián);敘述，講述related adj. 有關(guān)的，相關(guān)的relation n. 關(guān)系，聯(lián)系I dont understand how the result related to / with the cause.(我不理解結(jié)果和原因如何關(guān)聯(lián)。)Dont worry too much about them， they have very good relations.(別太為他們擔(dān)心，他們的關(guān)系很好。)17. accurately adv. 準(zhǔn)確地，精確地accurate adj. 準(zhǔn)確的，精確的accuracy n. 準(zhǔn)確，精確18. memorize v. 熟記，記住memory n.記憶力19. repeat v. 重復(fù) repetition n. 重復(fù)20. preserve v. 保護，維持;保存詞綴法1. 名詞后綴 -ation; tion; sionorganization，visualization，information，preservation，integration，relation，association，repetition，separation，addition2. 動詞后綴 -izeorganize，memorize，visualize，categorize，familiarize3. 名詞后綴 -encereference，difference4. 名詞后綴 -itysimilarity，familairity本課簡介本課介紹了在如何增強記憶方面心理學(xué)所做的研究。信息的意義，組織，聯(lián)想和想像是有助于記憶的幾個基本原則。如何運用這些基本原則呢?課文對此一一作了介紹，條理十分清楚。學(xué)了本課，相信會有收獲。本課語言點1. Psychological research has focused on a number of basic principles that helps memory.research 在本句中做名詞，這個詞也可以做動詞用。請看下面的例句，注意research的詞類和用法：Scientists have been researching on / into the causes of brain damage.(科學(xué)家們一直對腦損傷的起因進行研究。)focus on 是一個常用詞組，意思是“集中”，在生詞部分已作了較為詳細(xì)的講解，在此，請翻譯幾個句子：她覺得很不自在，因為所有的目光都注視著她。(She felt very uneasy as all eyes were focused on her.)a number of 的意思是“許多”。請看下面的例句，注意a number of 和the number of 的區(qū)別：1) A number of factories have been shut down because of pollution problems.(由于污染問題許多工廠被關(guān)閉了。)2) The number of students in our school increases every year.(我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生人數(shù)每年都在增加。)2. It is useful to know how these principles work.it 在句中做形式主語，真正的主語to know how these principles work，此類結(jié)構(gòu)我們在第一和第二單元已有了解。請看下面的句子：It is important to find out why the forest fire broke out.(找出森林大火的原因很重要。)It is difficult to know what he is thinking about.(要想知道他在想什么很困難。)work 在本句中的意思是“起作用;產(chǎn)生影響”，3. Meaningfulness affects memory at all levels.affect 是動詞，意思是“影響”。常常會有一些英語學(xué)習(xí)者把動詞affect和名詞effect混淆，請注意下面的句子：1) The drought would surely affect the harvest.(這場干旱肯定會影響到收成。)2) We could all see the effects of the illness on him.(我們都能看出那場病在的身上的影響。)4. Information that doesnt make any sense to you is difficult to remember.that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾information; 主句是Information is difficult to remember.不定式to remember 用在做表語用的形容詞后面作狀語。make sense 的意思是“有意義;可理解”。請看下面的句子：His explanation makes no sense to his students.(學(xué)生們不理解他的解釋。)5. Organization also makes a difference in our ability to remember.動詞不定式to remember在句中做定語，修飾名詞ability.請看下面的句子：He has kept the promise to come early in the morning.(他遵守了一大早來的諾言。)make a difference 的意思是“有關(guān)系;有影響;起作用”。請看下面的句子：1) What he said would not make any difference in my decision-making.(他說的話不會對我做決定產(chǎn)生任何影響。)2) Your participation in the work will make a great difference.(你參與我們的工作，情況就不一樣了。)6. Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information.句中的better是副詞well的比較級形式，意思是“更好地”。請看下面的句子：This job is better paid than that one.(這份工作的報酬比那份高。)information是一個不可數(shù)名詞，不能在其后加“-s”。請看例句：7. Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of information.在第一單元的Text B中我們已經(jīng)對consist of有所了解。這一詞組的意思是“由組成”，它與be made up of;be composed of 的意思相近，但consist of 不用被動語態(tài)。請看例句：1) The United States consists of 50 states.(美國由50個州組成。)2) Our class is made up of 45 students.(我們班由45名同學(xué)組成。)a bit在句中的意思是“一點，一些”，它可以用在形容詞的前面， 但是不能用在名詞的前面。在名詞前面必須用a bit of.請看下面的例句：1) I am a bit tired today.(我今天有點累。)2) I would appreciate it if you could give me a bit of good advice.(如果你能給我一點寶貴建議我會很感激的。)8. Categorizing is another means of organization.句中的means是一個名詞，意思是“方式;手段”，它不是動詞mean的第三人稱單數(shù)。請看下面的例句：Email is a modern means of communication. (電子郵件是一種現(xiàn)代通訊方式。)9. Many people will group them into similar categories and remember them as follows：group into在句中的意思是“把分組;把歸類”。請看例句：as follows 的意思是“如下”，請看例句：1) The full text reads as follows： (全文如下：)2) The results are as follows： (結(jié)果如下：)10Thus forming an integrated image with all the information placed in a single mental picture can help us to preserve a memory.劃線部分是該句的主要成分，forming an integrated image動名詞短語做主語，can help做謂語，us to preserv