課件(十四)主謂一致(孫逸豪推薦).ppt

(十四)主謂一致英語中，主語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定著謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。主謂一致必須遵循以下三條原則：語法一致原則、意義一致原則、就近一致原則。1.并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)。由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Ayoungmanandagirlwanttogothere.但如果在意義上指同一個(gè)人、同一件事或同一個(gè)概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：Aneedleandthreadwasfoundonthefloor.當(dāng)each.andeach.；every.andevery.；no.andno.；manya.andmanya.結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：,Nomanandnoanimalistobefoundonthemoon.Manyadoctorandmanyanurseisbusywiththeirwork.由notonly.butalso.；either.or.；neither.nor.；or連接的并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞與就近的名詞或代詞保持一致。如：Eithertheplayersorthecoachisresponsibleforthedefeat.當(dāng)主語由aswellas,alongwith,togetherwith，ratherthan,nolessthan,but,except,besides,inadditionto,like,including等詞連接時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞與前面的名詞或代詞保持一致。如：Anironandstealworks,withsomesatellitefactories,istobebuilthere.Tom,alongwithhisfriends,goesskatingeverySaturday.,2.百分?jǐn)?shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)作主語時(shí)。當(dāng)百分?jǐn)?shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)后面加名詞或代詞時(shí)，要根據(jù)這個(gè)名詞或代詞來決定其謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果是復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果是單數(shù)名詞(或不可數(shù)名詞)或代詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Fiftypercentofthestudentsinourschoolaregirls.Threefourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.3.不定代詞作主語時(shí)。不定代詞each,another,theother,either,neither和由some,any,no,everyone或thing構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：,Neitherofushasgonethroughregulartraining.Nobodywantstogothere，doeshe?Somethinghasbeendonetoendthestrike.all作主語表示人時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；表示物時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Alliswellthatendswell.Allareeagertoreachanagreement.4.表示“全體”、“部分”等意義的詞作主語時(shí)。當(dāng)主語是most,therest,thelast,theremainder等時(shí)，其謂語一般應(yīng)遵循意義一致的原則：如果of后面的名詞是單數(shù)，則用單數(shù)；如果of后面的名詞表示復(fù)數(shù)，則用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Threeofuswillgo,therestaretostayhere.Afterthebigfire,theremainderisnothing.,5.“the形容詞/過去分詞”作主語時(shí)。當(dāng)“the形容詞/過去分詞”表示一類人或事物時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果指某一抽象概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)。如：Thesickhereareverywellcaredfor.Thetrueistobedistinguishedfromthefalse.6.形式為復(fù)數(shù)、意義為單數(shù)的名詞作主語時(shí)。表示時(shí)間、距離、金額、重量、計(jì)量、空間、體積等意義的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。如：Eighthoursofsleepisenough.Tenpoundswasmissingfromthetill.,7.number；manya.等作主語時(shí)。thenumberof.(的數(shù)目)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；而anumberof.(許多)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Thenumberofmistakesissurprising.manya,morethanone單數(shù)名詞構(gòu)成的短語，盡管意義上是復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：Manyacomradehasthatkindofopportunity.8.集體名詞作主語時(shí)。有生命的詞，如：cattle,police等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Thepoliceareinvestigatingthecrime.,9.“oneof復(fù)數(shù)名詞定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中的主謂一致。在“oneof復(fù)數(shù)名詞定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)由它修飾的先行詞的數(shù)來決定。如：Thisisoneoftheroomsthatweredamagedinthefire.在“theonlyoneof復(fù)數(shù)名詞定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。如：Maryistheonlyoneoftheyoungestgirlswhoplaysintheband.10.從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、ing形式作主語時(shí)。在“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果以what從句作主語，表語又是單數(shù)，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)；如果表語是復(fù)數(shù)，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)；動(dòng)詞不定式、ing形式作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。如：Whatcausedtheaccidentisacompletemystery.TolearnEnglishwellisdifflcult.,過關(guān)落實(shí)1.Asurveyoftheopinionsofexperts_thatthreehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweek_goodforoneshealth.A.show；areB.shows；isC.show；isD.shows；are解析：“asurvey”作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；表時(shí)間，距離，金錢的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)。答案：B2.Welivedaybyday，butinthegreatthings，thetimeofdaysandweeks_sosmallthatadayisunimportant.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen解析：主語是“thetime”，故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。答案：A,3.Thecompanyhadabout20notebookcomputersbutonlyonethird_usedregularly.Nowwehave60workingalldaylong.A.isB.areC.wasD.were解析：此處onethird指onethirdof20notebookcomputers，故為復(fù)數(shù)；與now相對(duì)，用過去時(shí)。答案：D4.MostofwhathasbeensaidabouttheSmiths_alsotrueoftheJohnsons.A.areB.isC.beingD.tobe解析：主語為“大部分對(duì)Smith夫婦的說法”，看成單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用is。答案：B,5.Apoetandartist_comingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingtomorrowafternoon.A.isB.areC.wasD.were解析：apoetandartist指一個(gè)人，既是詩人，也是藝術(shù)家。答案：A6.Thefatheraswellashisthreechildren_skatingonthefrozenrivereverySundayafternooninwinter.A.isgoingB.goC.goesD.aregoing解析：主語仍為thefather，單數(shù)形式；aswellashisthreechildren作句子的狀語，不影響謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。答案：C,7._ofthelandinthatdistrict_coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth；isB.Twofifth；areC.Twofifths；isD.Twofifths；are解析：表示分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，分子大于一，分母(序數(shù)詞形式)加s；主語為land，不可數(shù)，故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。答案：C8.Everypossiblemeans_topreventtheairpollution，buttheskyisstillnotclear.A.isusedB.areusedC.hasbeenusedD.havebeenused解析：everypossiblemeans每一種可行的方式；means單復(fù)數(shù)同形，此句中為單數(shù)；表示“每種辦法都用過了”，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。答案：C,9.Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests，alarge_ofdesert_coveredtheland.A.number；hasB.quantity；hasC.number；haveD.quantity；have解析：alargenumberof不修飾不可數(shù)名詞；alargequantityof不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)。答案：B10.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_thewinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen解析：有theonly修飾先行詞，其后的定語從句中謂語用單數(shù)。答案：D,11.ThepopulationofChina_over1.3billionandeightypercentofitspopulation_peasants.A.is；areB.are；isC.is；isD.are；are解析：population表示“人口”。當(dāng)表示人口數(shù)為多少時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如果有分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)修飾時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。答案：A12.Greyaswellashistwocompanions_leave_Paristomorrow.A.areto；forB.isto；forC.isto；toD.areto；to解析：句中主語是Grey，單數(shù)，故謂語也用單數(shù)；leaveforsp.，動(dòng)身去某地。答案：B,13.Eitheryourparentsoryourelderbrother_toattendthemeetingtomorrowafternoon.A.areB.haveC.isD.had解析：either.or.遵循就近一致的原則，因yourelderbrother為單數(shù)，句中謂語也用單數(shù)。答案：C14.30%ofthecattle_thin，buttherest_fa