必修三 Unit 4Reading

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestarsReading,高一人教新課標版必修三,1.Doyouknowtheoriginoflifeonearth?2.Eachreligionorculturehasitsownideasabouthowlifebeganonearth.,InChineseculture,_separates(分)theskyfromtheearth.,Pangu盤古,sky,earth,_madehumanbeings.,Nuwa(女媧),Inwesterncountries:_createdtheworldandalllivingthings.,God(上帝),Day1:GodspokeandseparatedlightfromdarknesscreatingDayandNightDay2:GodspokeandseparatedthewatercreatingskyandoceanDay3:Godspokeandcreateddryland,TheBiblicalAccount,Day4:Godspokeandcreatedthesun,moonandstarsDay5:GodspokeandcreatedlivingcreaturesintheairandseaDay6:GodspokeandcreatedthelandanimalsandmanDay7:GodrestedandblessedthisdaycallingitHoly,IndiaBrahmaisthegodfirstrepresentedintheHinduTriad.Heisthecreatoroftheuniverseandalllivingbeingsaresaidtohaveevolvedfromhim.,Pre-reading,Lookatthepicture.Doyouknowthetopicofthisreading?,大爆炸宇宙產(chǎn)生示意圖,BigBang,Gas,Newstars,Dyingstars,remnants,地球大氣,Theearthsatmosphere,nitrogen,oxygen,dioxide,carbon,vapour,Itwasfullofwater.,海洋里的細胞開始分裂,登陸,爬行動物,恐龍,Mammals,人類的興起,1.Whywastheearthdifferentfromotherplanets?Thewaterremained.2.Whydidtheplantsgrowbeforetheanimalscame?Becauseplantsprovideoxygenforanimalstobreathe.,Answerthequestions.,FastReading,3.Whyisitwronginfilmsandstoriestoshowdinosaursandpeopletogether?Becausedinosaursdiedoutlongbeforehumanbeingsdevelopedontheearth.,4.Thereusedtobenineplanetsinthesolarsystem.Recentlyscientistshavedecidedthatoneofthemcannolongerbeconsideredaplanet.Doyouknowthenameofthatplanet?Doyouknowwhytheyremovedit?Pluto.Scientistsnowthinkitistoosmalltobecalledaplanet.,5.Whydoyouthinkthathumansarethecleverestanimalsontheearth?Theyarethecleverestanimalsbecausetheyhavelargerbrainsthananyothercreatureontheearthsofar.6.Whatproblemiscausedbyhumanbeings?Theycauseglobalwarming.,1.Whywastheearthdifferentfromotherplanets?A.Itproducedalotofheat.B.Thewaterremained.C.Thewaterdisappeared.D.Itwastheoldestplanet.,Choosethebestanswer.,B,2.Whywaslifeabletodevelopontheearthbutnotonotherplanets?A.Theearthhadasolidshape.B.Theearthdidnothaveharmfulgasesinitsatmosphere.C.Thewaterstayedontheearthbutnotonotherplanets.D.Theearthwasnottoohotandnottoocold.,C,3.Whywasitnecessaryforplantstogrowbeforeanimals?A.Animalsneededplantstoprotectthemfromthesun.B.Plantsprovidedoxygenforanimalstobreathe.C.Animalscouldhidefromhuntersintheforest.D.Itwaseasierforplantstogrow.,B,4.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_.A.after“BigBang”,whatthedustwastobecomeremainedamysteryB.plantsappearedbeforetheanimalsC.plantsmultipliedandfilledtheoceanswithoxygenD.plantsplayedanimportantpartintheappearanceoftheanimals,D,AwidelyacceptedtheoryabouttheformationoftheuniverseTheformationoftheearthTheimportanceofwaterforlifeThedevelopmentofplantsandanimalsontheearthThearrivalofhumansandtheirimpactontheearth,Para.1,Para.2,Para.3,Para.4,Para.5,Themainideaforeachparagraph.,CarefulReading,Puttheeventsintoatimeline.,1.Insectsandamphibiansappeared.3.Theearthbecameasolidball.5.Reptilesappeared.7.Theearthwasacloudofdust.9.Shellfishandotherfishappeared.11.Cleveranimalswithhandsandfeetappeared.,Keys:107384961521211,2.Dinosaursappeared.4.Smallplantsgrewonthewater.6.Plantsbegantogrowondryland.8.Waterappearedontheearth.10.Theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”.12.Mammalsappeared.,Combineinto,Explodewithfireandrock,dissolveharmfulgases,BigBang,Energeticdust,aviolentsolidball,Atmosphere,Water,oceansandseas,Cooldown,Finishthefollowingform.,Para1-3,Acloudofenergeticdust,Asolidball,Atmosphere,Aworldfullofwater,4,1,3,2,dissolveharmfulgases,Fillintheblankswiththeproperwords.,Afterthe_,theearthwasacloudof_.Laterthedustbeganto_into_.Andthenit_loudlywithfireandrock,whichwereintimeto_thewatervapour,carbondioxide,whichweretomaketheearths_.Astheearth_down,_beganto_onitssurface.Waterhad_fromplanetsorsatellites,butit_ontheearth.Thatmadeitpossibleforlifetobeginto_.,energeticdust,combine,exploded,produce,cooled,appear,disappeared,stayed,develop,“BigBang”,aball,atmosphere,water,1.smallplantsinwater,2.shellfishandallsortsoffish,3.greenplantsonland,4.insects(onland)5.amphibian(onlandandinwater),6.forests,7.reptiles(onland)8.dinosaurs(onland)9.mammals(onland),Para4:Finishthefollowingform.,arrivalofsmallplantsinwater,earlyshellfish,plants,animals,allsortsoffish,earlyshellfish,Afewkinds,manykinds,Plantsinthewater,Plantsonland,water,land,insects,dinosaurs,simple,complex,low,Manhadevolvedfromapes.,達爾文(進化論),advanced,Fillintheblanks.,Thearrivalof_encouragedthe_ofearly_.Manymillionsofyearslater_begantoappear_.Later_appeared.Somewere_.Otherscalled_,wereabletoliveonlandswellas_.Whentheplantsgrewintoforests,_appearedforthefirsttime.Aftertheydisappeared,_becamemoreimportant.Theywerethelastgroupofanimalsdifferentfrombecausethey_fromwithintheirbodies.,development,shellfishandallsortsoffish,onland,landanimals,amphibians,dinosaurs,mammals,produced,smallplants,thefistgreenplants,insects,inthesea,Languagepoints,1.Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.1)violent猛烈的,激烈的2)whether可以引導主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句;而if只能引導賓語從句。引導賓語從句既可以用whether,也可以用if,Heaskedmewhether/ifIcouldlendhimmybike.Couldyoutelluswhether/ifitsnowsinwinterinAustralia?,2.Theywereintimetoproduceintime及時;終于Shewillbebackintimetopreparedinner.Thedoctorcameintimetosaveherlife.醫(yī)生及時趕來救了她的命.Maryusuallygetshomeintimetobaththechildren瑪莉通常及時到家給孩子們洗澡.注意:intime還有“過些時候;最后”之意Youllgetusedtoitintime.過些時候你會習慣它的.Dontworry.Imsurethingswillgetbetterintime.別著急,我肯定過些時候事情會好轉的.,與time相關的短語:innotime立刻,馬上attimes有時atatime每次;依次onceuponatime從前ontime按時;準時atonetime從前forthetimebeing暫時fromtimetotime不時地,3.atmospheren.大氣層;氣氛Anatmosphereoftensionfiledtheroom.屋子里籠罩著緊張的氣氛。Theatmosphereoverdinnerwaswarmandfriendly.用餐時洋溢著熱情友好的氣氛。注意:指“大氣層”使,常用theatmosphere;指“氣氛”時,常使用單數(shù)形式。,4.astheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.隨著地球的冷卻,地球的表面就開始出現(xiàn)了水。1)cooldown變涼,冷卻2)appear“出現(xiàn),似乎”是不及物動詞當表示“似乎,好像”時是系動詞,該詞無被動語態(tài)。OurteacherappearedonTVthismorning.,辨析:appearseemlook,I.含義上的差異appear是指根據(jù)事物的外表表象做出判斷的,但實質(zhì)上并不一定如此;seem是表示說話人主觀上的判斷,暗含有一定的根據(jù),往往接近事實的判斷;look是根據(jù)視覺印象而得出的判斷,實質(zhì)上也可能如此。Sheisfiftybutsheappearsyoung.她五十歲了,但看起來很年輕。(其實并非如此)Sheseemsyoung.(Ithinksheisyoung.)她看起來很年輕。(個人的主觀判斷而推斷出)Shelooksyoung.她很年輕。(從他外表可出感覺出),II.用法上的差異a.appear,look,seem后均可帶名詞、形容語、tobe結構。Themanwhocameyesterdayappeared/seemed/lookedanhonestman.昨天來的那個人看來是一個誠實的人。b.look可用于進行時,而seem,appear一般不能。Heislookingveryhappy.他現(xiàn)在看起來很高興。,c.appear和seem之后可接動詞不定式的一般式、完成式以及其他形式,而look之后除了能接tobe結構外,不接其它動詞不定式形式。Sheappearedtoagreewithyou.他好像同意你的意見。Theydontseemtohavereadthisnovel.他們好像沒有讀過這本小說。,d.look,seem能與介詞like構成習語,意思是“看上去象”,而appear卻不能。如:ItseemslikeyearssinceIlastsawyou.自從上次見到你后,好像很久沒有見到你了。Helookslikeastudent.他看起來象個學生。e.seem,look后均可接asif,asthough引導的表語從句,從句中既可用陳述語氣也可用虛擬語氣,而appear則不能。Itseemed/lookedasifhehadbeentoBeijing.看起來他去過北京。,f.appear和seem均可接that引導的從句,而look不能。Itseems/appearsthatwewontfinishthisworktoday.我們好像今天完不成這項工作。g.appear和seem可用于therebe結構中,而look不能。如:Thereappearstohavebeenanaccident.好像出了一次事故。,5.bylayingeggs.lay-laid-laid-laying放,把.放在.;產(chǎn)卵Helaidhisbooksonthedesk.注意:lie(lay;lain;lying)躺;位于lie(lied;lied;lying)說謊Thenaughtyboy_tomethatthehenthat_therejustnowhad_twoeggsthedaybefore.A.laid;laid;laidB.laid;lay;lainC.lied;laid;lainD.lied;lay;laid,D,6.givebirthto1)生(孩子)Shesjustgivenbirthtoahealthybabygirl.她剛剛生了個健康的女嬰。2)產(chǎn)生Theextraordinaryexperiencegavebirthtohislatestnovel.這段奇特的經(jīng)歷促成了他的最新的一部小說的誕生。,7.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.他們把太多的二氧化碳釋放到大氣層中,這就使得熱量不能從地球上散發(fā)到太空中去。preventsth./sb.(from)doingsth.制止(防止)某人(某物)做某事Therulesareintendedtopreventaccidents.Whatcanwedotopreventthisaccident(from)happening?,Iintendtogoandnothingyoudocanpreventme!(阻止)Nothingcanpreventthisplanfrombeingcarriedout.注意:類似結構keep/stopsb.fromdoingsth.,但keepsb.fromdoingsth.中from不可省略,prevent/stopsb.fromdoingsth.中的from可省,但如在被動語態(tài)中,他們中的from都不可省。Itriedtokeephimfromwaitingforher.我試圖叫他不要再等她了.Itriedtokeephimwaitingforher.我試圖讓他等她.,8.theearthmaybecometoohottoliveon.地球可能會因此變得太熱而不適合生物的生存。有關too的一些用法1)too作“太”講。Thereistoomuchwater.水太多了。Thisshirtistoolargeforme.這襯衫我穿起來太大。Theproblemisrathertoohardforme.這個問題對我來說太難了。,2)“tooadj.to”,有兩種意義,一種為“太以至(不)”,在翻譯時要加上一個否定詞;另一種是“太”,語意肯定,但too后的形容詞常用ready,heavy,beautiful等。Thequestionistoohardtounderstand.問題太難,理解不了。Heistooproudtoseehisownshortcomings.他太驕傲了以至于看不到自己的缺點。Youaretooreadytofindfaultwithothers.你太愛挑別人的毛病了。,3)“only/all/not/buttooadj.to”,后面的動詞不定式在翻譯時不必加否定詞。only等與too連用等于very(非常)。Ishallbeonlytoopleasedtohearfromyoufurther.我非常歡迎你再來信。Theyarebuttoogladtodoso.他們非常喜歡這么做。Weareonlytoopleasedtoworktogetherwiththeworkers.我們和工人們一起勞動,非常高興。,4)“cannotcannever.too”,表示“無論怎樣也不會過分”。Youcannotpraisehimtoohighly.你無論怎樣表揚他也不過分。Wecannotbetoocarefulindoingexperim