外研版八年級上冊-Module4-知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)+練習(xí)-(無答案)

1、Module 4 Planes, ships and trains1. What happened? 發(fā)生了什么？happen是不及物動詞，意為“發(fā)生”。用法見下表：句型意義例句Sth+happen+地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間某地/某時(shí)發(fā)生了某事What happened last night?Sth+happen to +sb 某人出了某事（常指不好的事情）A car accident happened to him.Sb+happen+to do sth 某人碰巧做某事I happened to meet her in the street .【注意】happen通常指偶然事件的“發(fā)生”，其主語不能用表示

2、人的詞，而通常由accident或it, what, this, that, something等充當(dāng)。如果表示事先安排或有準(zhǔn)備的事件的發(fā)生，則用take place。happen 為短暫性動詞，不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用?！局锌兼溄印扛鶕?jù)漢語提示完成句子（2018連云港中考）-Have you met Luke recently ?-Yes , I _（碰巧看見他）in the science museum yesterday afternoon .2. But nobody was late ,except me .except 介詞： 除之外except表示從所提到的人或事物中除去，即

3、從整體中除去一部分。該詞和but用法相似。如：I dont want anything except this one. 除了這個(gè)，我什么都不想要。【辨析】except, except for, besides與but易混詞（組）區(qū)別except意為“除之外”，表示“（從整體中）減去”，前后是同類事物。如：Nobody was late except Mike.除了邁克之外，沒有人遲到。except for意為“除之外”，說明了整體的情況之后，對細(xì)節(jié)加以糾正，前后是不同類事物。如：His composition is very good except for a few grammar mis

4、takes.除了幾處語法錯誤之外，他的作文非常好。besides意為“除了之外（還）”，表示一種累加關(guān)系。如：I like history besides English.除了英語之外，我還喜歡歷史。but意為“除之外”，側(cè)重整體，常用在nothing, nobody等否定詞之后。如：Everyone was there but him.除他之外，大家都在那兒?！径陶Z】except for 還表示“要不是”We would go for a picnic except for the bad weather .要不是這糟糕的天氣，我們就去野餐了。【中考鏈接】（2019淮安模擬）-The Spr

5、ing Festival is coming. All the workers went home yesterday _ Mr .Green. Do you know why he didnt go home ?-Sure .Because he was on duty .A. except B. besides C. except for 3. Maybe I should go to school by taxi.或許我應(yīng)該坐出租車去學(xué)校。【點(diǎn)撥】（1）maybe是副詞，意為“也許；大概；或許”，與perhaps, probably的意思相同?！颈嫖觥縨aybe與may be易混詞意義與

6、區(qū)別例句maybe是副詞，意為“也許；或許”，常放在句首Maybe you put the pen in your bag .大概你把鋼筆放在包里了。may be為“情態(tài)動詞+be動詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“可能是；也許是”He may be a soldier .他可能是一個(gè)軍人。（2）by taxi意為“坐出租車”，是“by+交通工具”的結(jié)構(gòu)，用作方式狀語?？梢院蛅ake a taxi 進(jìn)行替換。He goes to school by taxi = He takes a taxi to school .4. Thats a good choice , but its a bit dangerous

7、 .choice做可數(shù)名詞，意為“選擇”【考點(diǎn)拓展】choice的動詞形式為choose，意為選擇，選擇做某事是choose to do sth 固定搭配：make a choice 做出選擇have no choice but to do sth 除了做某事別無選擇【中考鏈接】（2018無錫中考）When you have the _ (選擇)of being kind ,choose kind.5. He lives farthest from school , so he takes the underground .far 副詞表示“遠(yuǎn)，遙遠(yuǎn)”，形容詞“遠(yuǎn)的，遙遠(yuǎn)的”有關(guān)far的常用搭

8、配：（1）be far from意為“距離遠(yuǎn)”。如：Juliets home is quite far from her school. 朱麗葉的家距離她的學(xué)校非常遠(yuǎn)。（2）live far from意為“住得離遠(yuǎn)”。如：Jerry doesnt live far from his company. 杰瑞住得離他的公司不遠(yuǎn)。（3）how far意為“多遠(yuǎn)”，用來對距離進(jìn)行提問?！狙由臁縡ar 的比較級 farther/further，最高級 farthest/furthest 6. Her home is the closest to school ,so she walks .close a

9、dj. 近的；接近的 adv. 接近地【點(diǎn)撥】close作形容詞時(shí)，指“（空間或時(shí)間）近的；親密的；勢均力敵的”；作副詞時(shí)，意為“接近地；靠近地；緊密地”?！狙由臁縞lose to意為“靠近；接近”，指在空間或時(shí)間上“接近”。此外，它還可表示“幾乎；差不多”。如：She is close to tears. 她幾乎要落淚了。be close to 離近 ，其同義詞是near ,反義詞組為be far from be the closest to 離最近7. the same as 與一樣【點(diǎn)撥】the same as意為“與一樣”，其反義短語為be different from，意為“與不同”

10、。8. I do not take the bus to school because it is usually very crowded .crowded做形容詞，意為“擁擠的”【考點(diǎn)拓展】be crowded with 意為“擠滿了”The ticket office is always crowded with people .9. But most of my classmates ride bikes.但是我大部分的同學(xué)都騎自行車【辨析】most與most ofmost后直接加名詞；most of后加帶有修飾詞（定冠詞、物主代詞等）的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或直接加代詞。如：most stud

11、ents大部分學(xué)生most of the students大部分學(xué)生most of us我們當(dāng)中的大多數(shù)10. I am planning to travel from London to Amsterdam. plan作動詞時(shí)，意為“計(jì)劃；打算”。plan to do sth.意為“計(jì)劃/打算做某事”。plan作名詞時(shí)，意為“計(jì)劃”。make a plan for.意為“為制定計(jì)劃”?！咀⒁狻縫lan的過去式和過去分詞都要雙寫詞尾的n，再加-ed，即planned。例：-I plan _Hong Kong this winter vacation .What about you ?-I ca

12、nt decide where _.A. to visit , to go B. visit ,go C. visiting ,going D. to visit , going 11. how long 意為“多長時(shí)間”，用來對時(shí)間段進(jìn)行提問【辨析】how long, how soon與how often易混詞組意義與區(qū)別例句how long意為“多久；多長時(shí)間”，主要是對一段時(shí)間進(jìn)行提問，答語通常是“（for）.days/ weeks/months/years”等時(shí)間段，可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)How long do you stay in Nanning every year?For three

13、monthshow soon意為“多久”，常用在一般將來時(shí)態(tài)中，其答語通常是“in+一段時(shí)間”How soon can you finish the work?In half an hour.how often意為“多久一次”，用來提問頻率，答語通常是always, usually, often, sometimes,once/twice a day/month.How often do you see a film?Once a month.例：（2018樂山中考）-_ do you spend on WeChat every day ,Lily ?-About one and a half

14、 hours .A. How long B. How much C. How soon 12. And it takes you about twelve hours to get there .It takes sb some time to do sth .表示“做某事花費(fèi)了某人多長的時(shí)間”【例題】It took her much time _ English fluently after class .A. practise speakingB. to practise to speakC. practise to speakD. to practise speaking 13. How

15、ever , it will not cost as much as going by train .(1)however 做副詞，意為“可是，不過，然而”，放在句首、句中、句末He was tired after the match .However , he was quite proud as a member.賽后他很累，然而，作為比賽一員，他相當(dāng)自豪。(2)however 還可以作連詞連接句中，意為“無論如何，不管怎樣”In ones own home ,one can act however one wishes .一個(gè)人在自己家里，可以想怎么做就怎么做。13. cost v. 價(jià)

16、錢為；花費(fèi) n. 價(jià)錢；成本；代價(jià)（1）cost作動詞時(shí)，意為“價(jià)錢為；（使）花費(fèi)（金錢、費(fèi)用）”。主語是物，固定搭配為：sth costs/cost (sb) money 某物花費(fèi)某人多少錢如：A rose costs two dollars .一支玫瑰花價(jià)值兩美元。（2）cost作名詞時(shí)，意為“價(jià)錢；成本；代價(jià)”。如：The cost of the computer is ￥2,000. 那臺電腦的價(jià)格是2 000元。14. .but you may have to wait for hours at the airport because of bad weather. （1）have

17、to意為“必須；不得不”，后接動詞原形，其第三人稱單數(shù)形式為has to，過去式為had to，其各種句式變化借助于助動詞do, does或did完成。（2）because of意為“因?yàn)椤?，其后跟名詞、代詞或動名詞。如：He didnt come yesterday because of his illness. 因?yàn)樯∷蛱鞗]來?！颈嫖觥縝ecause of與because易混詞（組）區(qū)別because of后面加名詞、短語because后面加句子如：Because of his illness, the boy did not go to school.因?yàn)樯?，這個(gè)男孩沒有去上學(xué)。H

18、e didnt attend the meeting because he had too much work to do.因?yàn)橛泻芏喙ぷ饕?，所以他沒有參加會議。【中考鏈接】（2018齊齊哈爾中考）-_ finish my work now ?-No ,you _ .You can do it later .A. May, neednt B. Must , dont have to C. Can ,couldnt 語法形容詞、副詞的最高級的用法三者或三者以上的人或事物相比，要用形容詞或副詞的最高級1. 形容詞、副詞的最高級構(gòu)成有兩種方式，單音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞加后綴est ，多音節(jié)和部分雙音

19、節(jié)形容詞和副詞前加most，具體見下表：構(gòu)成方法原級最高級單音節(jié)和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞一般在詞尾加estold,quick,new,fast,hardoldest,quickest,newest,fastest,hardest以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的形容詞/副詞，直接加stnice,fine,wide,close,largenicest,finest,widest,closet,largest以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的形容詞/副詞，改y變i,再加estEarly,friendly,happy ,busy ,easyEarliest ,friendliest,happiest,busiest ,easies

20、t以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的形容詞/副詞，先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，然后再加est Fit ,big ,hot ,thin,fatfittest, biggest, hottest, thinnest,fattest 大部分雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞在單詞前面加mostPopular，difficult， expensive，quickly，dangerousMost popular，most difficult， most expensive，most quickly， most dangerous2.常見的形容詞、副詞最高級不規(guī)則變化如下原級最高級Good/wellBestBad/ill,b

21、adlyWorstMany/muchMostLittleLeastFar Farthest/furthest3. 形容級、副詞最高級的用法形容詞最高級前面要加定冠詞the，副詞最高級前面的the可以省略。在含有最高級的句子中，常有一個(gè)in/of短語來表示比較范圍，如：in my class, in China, of the students, of all等。Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three .He works hardest in his class .4. 形容詞、副詞最高級的特殊用法（1）表示“最之一”的句式，用“one of +the +形容

22、詞最高級+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”如：Han Mei is one of the best students in our class .（2）當(dāng)最高級前有物主代詞或名詞所有格時(shí)，不加定冠詞the。如：Monday is my busiest day .（3）當(dāng)形容詞的最高級修飾名詞時(shí)，其前還可以加序數(shù)詞。如：The Yangtze River is the third longest river in the word .（4）“特殊疑問詞+be+the+最高級，A, B or C?”，用于三者或三者以上的比較。如：Which country is the largest, China, Australi

23、a or Canada?（5）“特殊疑問詞+助動詞+主語+實(shí)義動詞+最高級，A, B or C?”，用于三者或三者以上比較。Which season do you like best, spring, summer or autumn?（6）形容詞最高級或副詞的最高級做表語時(shí)，其前的定冠詞the可以省略。如：Who runs fastest in your class ?5. 最高級和比較級之間的轉(zhuǎn)換“比較級+than any other+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”可表示最高級的含義。如：Jack is stronger than any other boy in our class.=Jack is t

24、he strongest boy in our class. 杰克是我們班最強(qiáng)壯的男孩?！咀⒁狻啃稳菰~最高級前必須加定冠詞the，但若有序數(shù)詞、物主代詞或名詞所有格修飾時(shí)，則不必再加the。如：This is the most difficult question. （正） 這是最困難的問題。This is most difficult question. （誤）Jack is Jims best friend .（正） Jack是Jim的最好的朋友。Jack is Tims the best friend . （誤）語法專練：一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Dongting Lake is t

25、he second _(large)fresh water lake in China .2.Were always _(busy)on weekdays and Monday is my _(busy)day .3.Taking trains is _(quick)than taking buses and taking planes is _(quick).4.Yuan Longping is one of the _(great )people that have ever lived , I think .5.Cells are the _(small)and most basic u

26、nits of living matter .二、單項(xiàng)填空( )1.（2018上海中考）The bridge between the two island is _ one in Shanghai .A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest ( )2.(2018北京中考)Tony is _ of the three boys ,but he is the tallest .A. young B. younger C. youngest D. the youngest ( )3.(2018濱州中考)-Home is _place wherever y

27、ou go.-Yes .Theres no place like home .A. warm B. warmer C. warmest D. the warmest ( )4.（2018臨沂中考）Of all the blue holes in the world .Sansha Youngle Blue Hole in the south China Sea is now _.It is 300.89 meters deep .A. deeper B. very deep C. as deep as D. the deepest ( )5.(2018涼山中考)Of all the subje

28、cts ,chemistry seems to be _ for me .A. difficult B. too difficult C. more difficult D. the most difficult 達(dá)標(biāo)測試卷第一卷聽力部分(20分)一、關(guān)鍵詞語選擇。(每小題1分，滿分5分)( )1. A. cakeB. bikeC. make ( )2. A. talk B. take C. walk( )3. A. rain B. main C. train( )4. A. money B. travel C. journey ( )5. A. waiting for B. looking

29、for C. going for 二、短對話理解。(每小題1分，滿分5分)( )6. What is Mary going to do on Sunday?A. B. C. ( )7. What does the girl do at weekends? A. B. C. ( )8. Whats Davids new years resolution?A. B. C. ( )9. Whats Marys resolution for the new term?A. B. C. ( )10. What is Toms new plan about?A. B. C. 三、長對話理解。(每小題1分，

30、滿分5分)( )11. Where is Jim going for his holiday?A. To Hangzhou. B. To Beijing. C. To Fuzhou. ( )12. How is Jim going there?A. By train. B. By plane. C. By bus. ( )13. What does Jim think of travelling by plane?A. Slow but comfortable. B. Fast but expensive. C. Fast and cheap. ( )14. How long will it

31、take Jim to get there?A. About 12 days. B. About 12 hours. C. Half a month. ( )15. Who is Jim going there with?A. His parents. B. My parents. C. His friends. 四、信息轉(zhuǎn)換。(每小題1分，滿分5分) Information about a tripWhere to go(16)_How to go thereBy (17)_How far(18)_ kilometres awayWhat to visit after lunchAn amu

32、sement (19)_When to come backAt (20)_第二卷筆試部分(100分)五、單項(xiàng)填空。(每小題1分，滿分15分)( )21. Will you go to Dalian by _ ship?No, Ill take _ plane there. A. /; /B. /; aC. a; theD. the; a( )22. It is too late. Im afraid we have no _ but to take a taxi home. A. idea B. advice C. chance D. choice( )23. All the students

33、 in my class are on the playground now. There is _ in the classroom. A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody( )24. Yesterday I _ two train tickets from Wuhan to Guilin on the Internet. A. forgot B. passed C. booked D. lent( )25. The sweater _ me 500 yuan. I like it very much. A. used B. paid C

34、. cost D. spent( )26. Huaxing Theatre is _ movie theatre in my city. It is _ than any other one. A. best; best B. better; the bestC. the best; better D. better; better( )27. Tom is only shorter than Dick. He is the second _ boy in our class. A. tall B. taller C. the tallest D. tallest( )28. Who live

35、s _ school in your class? Jimmy does. His home is just next to school. A. close to B. closest toC. far from D. farthest from ( )29. Money is very important. _， its not the most important thing. A. However B. And C. So D. Because( )30. Why does our writing teacher ask us to read more books?Because _

36、books we read, _ our writing is. A. the more; the betterB. most; bestC. more; better D. many; good ( )31. All the people went home _ Mr Smith, because he had to finish his work. A. with B. except C. besides D. for( )32. He often gets up early, because he doesnt like to _ class. A. be late forB. be b

37、usy withC. be ready for D. be popular with( )33. What is the fastest way to Shanghai?Of course by plane. It only takes you two hours _ there. A. get B. to get C. getting D. got( )34. _ is the new supermarket from your home? About 30 minutes on foot. A. How long B. How far C. How tall D. How much ( )

38、35. Im going to take a trip to Beijing. My plane leaves at 8: 00 tomorrow morning. _A. How fast! B. All right. C. Never mind! D. Have a good trip!六、完形填空。(每小題1. 5分，滿分15分)Dad wanted to take us to go for a trip. We _36_ to travel to Dali. Its far from our city. So we chose to go there by plane. It cost

39、 us much money. But its the _37_ way to travel. My sister and I felt (感到) _38_ because it was the first time that we had traveled there. We got there _39_ the evening of September 15th. We felt a little tired. After _40_ in our hotel for some time，my sister and I went out for the evening sightseeing

40、 tour(夜景觀光). My parents didnt like it，_41_ they stayed at the hotel. On the first day，we took a taxi to the Cangshan Mountain. The view(風(fēng)景) was wonderful. To remember the beautiful time，I took many _42_. On the second day，we took a _43_ to Erhai Lake. For dinner，we had something specialrice noodles.

41、 We _44_ had that before. On the third day，we visited the Old Town of Dali. Walking around the beautiful town was really enjoyable. The trip was short, _45_ we had a great time in Dali. ( )36. A. forgot B. planned C. tried D. needed( )37. A. fastest B. slowest C. cheapest D. easiest( )38. A. differe

42、nt B. excited C. lucky D. comfortable( )39. A. for B. at C. in D. on( )40. A. washing B. waiting C. relaxing D. thinking( )41. A. because B. and C. but D. so( )42. A. ideas B. photos C. food D. games( )43. A. bike B. walk C. car D. boat( )44. A. usually B. never C. always D. especially( )45. A. beca

43、use B. but C. or D. and七、補(bǔ)全對話。(有兩項(xiàng)多余)(每小題1分，滿分5分)Tom: Id like to go for a visit to Shanghai. (46)_Jack: Taking a coach is a good way. But its a little more expensive than taking a train. Tom: The cost isnt the most important, but the time is. Jack: You can take a plane. Its the quickest way and its

44、the most comfortable. (47)_Tom: Thats great！(48)_Jack: You can get there in about one and a half hours by air. Tom: Can I take a trip to Nanjing on the way?Jack: Im afraid you cant. You can take a coach if you want to visit Nanjing. After that，you can take another coach to Shanghai. I think its a be

45、tter way. Flying is the quickest. (49)_Tom: All right. (50)_A. How soon can I get there?B. Its a better choice to take a coach. C. How can I get to Shanghai from here?D. What do you think?E. On the other hand it also takes you some time to get to the airport. F. How often can I get there?G. Its a be

46、tter choice to take a bus. 八、閱讀下面的短文，并用英語回答問題(請注意每小題后面的詞數(shù)要求)。Hello，my name is Jacob. I am from Sicily. Its a big island in the south of Italy. Its a beautiful island. I live in a village on the coast. The sea is blue and I like going fishing. In summer its very hot and sometimes my family go into th

47、e mountains because its a bit cooler there. The capital of Italy is Rome. Its a very old city full of famous buildings. St Peter is a very big and beautiful church. Rome is very busy，but Milan is busier than Rome. Its in the north of Italy. Milan has a population of about 1. 4 million. People are bu

48、sy working there. Milan has a lot of factories，shops and banks. 63. Whats the population of Milan？(不超過10個(gè)詞)_64. Why do Jacobs family go into the mountains in summer？(不超過10個(gè)詞)_65. Whats the capital of Italy？(不超過10個(gè)詞)_課后練習(xí)一、單項(xiàng)選擇( )1. I saw the girl crying ,_?A. What happen to her B. What happened to h

49、erC. What happens to her D. What happens to she ( )2.-Alice ,would you like to go hiking with us ?-What a pity ! I am free every day _ today .A. for B. except C. besides C. among ( )3. I usually ride _ bike to school .But this morning . I went to school by _ bus .A. a ,the B. the ,a C. /, a D. a ,/(

50、 )4.Lily lives _ from school than Linda .A. far B. farther C. farthest D. the farthest ( )5.Tianjin is one of _ cities in China .A. big B. bigger C. the biggest D. the bigger ( )6.How do you go to school?-On foot .Our school is _ my house .A. different from B. far away from C. close to D. next( )7.-

51、_ is it from the Childrens Palace to Nanjing South Railway Station ,Tom?-About 10 minutes ride by bus .A. How soon B. How long C. How far D. How much ( )8. I dont really care if my friends are the same _ me or different_ me .A, as ,as B. from ,from C. as ,from D. from ,as ( )9.Linda lives close _ a

52、supermarket and she often goes there and does some shopping .A. to B. from C. with D. at ( )10.Do you know the Yellow River ?Yes , I do . It is _ longest river in China .A. two B. the two C. second D. the second二、根據(jù)單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.She doesnt play as _ (good ) as her sister .2.-What _(happen) to you ?- I hurt my arm when I was running .3.Does Gold Theatre have_(com