重慶科創(chuàng)職業(yè)學(xué)院資料庫(kù)精讀2uint3.ppt

1、,Teaching Goal,Make the students achieve a full comprehension of the text, and develop the students ability to understand the details of the text and to summarize the main idea of the text as a whole. Explain important language points. Summarize the text. Tutor students to appreciate the text.,I. Wa

2、rming-up Questions II. A Brief Introduction to the Text III. Reading of the New Words, Phrases and Expressions IV. Presentation of the Text V. Summary VI. Homework,Teaching Procedures,Warm-up Questions,Do you admire any great political figures or statesmen both at home and abroad? Who are they? And

3、why?,Of the American presidents, how many do you know? Can you recognize the people in the following pictures and say something about them?,Jefferson,Background Information,Thomas Jefferson George Washington Abraham Lincoln Philadelphia Independence Hall Jefferson and the French Revolution,Jefferson

4、,Jefferson, Thomas (1743-1826), third president of the United States (1801-1809) and author of the Declaration of Independence.,Thomas Jefferson,Jefferson did not consider himself a professional politician. Instead, he regarded himself as a public-spirited citizen and a broad-minded, practical think

5、er. He preferred his family, his books, and his farms to public life. But he spent most of his career in public office and made his greatest contribution to his country in the field of politics.,Jefferson and his birthplace,Jefferson and his Residence,Jefferson Memorial The Thomas Jefferson Memorial

6、, completed in 1943, sits along the Potomac Rivers Tidal Basin in Washington, D.C. The memorials walls are inscribed with some of Jeffersons most famous quotations.,White House,Congress Hall,The Declaration of Independence,The Declaration of Independence is one of the most important documents in the

7、 history of the USA and of the world as well. It was drafted by Thomas Jefferson and adopted with a number of minor changes on July 4, 1777, by the representatives of,the 13 colonies at the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia. In this public document the colonists in America solemnly proclai

8、med their independence from British rule. It marked the beginning of a new nation: the United States of America, and therefore July 4 has become the national birthday.,This great document falls into two parts. The first part tells of the rights that belong to everyone and the second part recounts th

9、e wrongs the British did against the colonies. These were charges against George III, King of England.,George Washington,George Washington,George Washington(1732-1799) won a lasting place in American history as the “Father of the country”. For nearly 20 years, he guided his country much as a father

10、cares for a growing child.,In three important ways, Washington helped shape the beginning of the United States. First, he commanded the continental Army that won American independence from Great Britain in the Revolutionary War. Second, Washington served as president of the convention that wrote the

11、 United States constitution. Third, he was elected the first president of the United States.,Abraham Lincoln,Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) was one of the truly great men of all time. He led the United States during the Civil War(1861-1865), which was the greatest crisis in U.S. history.,Lincoln helped

12、 end slavery in the nation and helped keep the American Union from splitting apart during the war. Lincoln thus believed that he proved to the world that democracy can be a lasting form of government.,Philadelphia,Philadelphia,Philadelphia is the largest city of Pennsylvania. Founded in 1682, Philad

13、elphia is known as the Birth-place of the Nation because of its role in Americas struggle for independence from Britain. Both the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States were drafted in the city and signed in Philadelphias historic.,Independence Hall,The name Philadelph

14、ia was derived from the Greek words meaning “city of brotherly love”. Modern Philadelphia has worked hard to become one of the great commercial, cultural, and educational centers in the United States.,Independence Hall,Warm up Activity,As a person, he is always fascinating because he did so many dif

15、ferent things so well. His interests and talents covered a really amazing range. Besides being a well-known statesman, he was a writer, a thinker, a diplomat, an architect, a musician, a scientist and inventor,Though he lived 83 years, he never ceased to be young in spirit. He was always learning so

16、mething new, always trying to contribute to human progress. He did not have any person ambition, however. He once wrote: “I had rather be shut up in a very modest village, with my books, my family and,a few old friends, dining on simple bacon, and letting the world roll on as it likes than to occupy

17、 the most splendid post which any human power can give.” The society he thought of as ideal was one where landowning farmers could live under as little government as possible. Who was he?,Reading,Main idea,Thomas Jefferson was the third president of the United States and the author of the Declaratio

18、n of Independent .He was a versatile man ,whose interests ranged widely .Here are some of his ideas and examples mentioned in the text : “go and see”, You can learn from everyone”, judge for yourself”, Do what you believe is right” Trust the future ,trust the young ,”these are still of great interes

19、t to us .,2. Structure of the text,This text can be divided into 3 parts.,Part I (Para 12) Introduce Jefferson to the reader.,Part II (Para 38) Main body of the text, state the lessons from Jefferson.,Part III (Para 911) Come to a conclusion about Jeffersons contribution and achievements.,Text inter

20、pretation,What can we learn about Jefferson from the text? the 3rd president, author of the DOI, born in the 18th century, a man of thought, practical, noble, well-educated, modest, industrious, inner-directed, open-minded, innovative, optimistic, courageous, idealist, knowledgeable, versatile, cons

21、iderate, talented, devoted, tireless, great,Text interpretation,What type is the text? A. narration B. exposition C. description D. argumentation The text is mainly an exposition of Jeffersons insightful ideas.,記敘文 說(shuō)明文 描述文 議論文,Text interpretation,Can you come up with some Chinese quotations similar

22、in meaning to those subheadings? 沒(méi)有調(diào)查就沒(méi)有發(fā)言權(quán)。 三人行必有我?guī)煛?兼聽(tīng)則明。 走自己的路。 長(zhǎng)江后浪推前浪。 Try to think up more!,1. Introductory questions,1) Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?,2) Why was Jefferson chosen to write the Declaration of Independence?,3) Jefferson was an expert in many fields. Can you name some

23、 of them?,4) What did Jefferson teach people to do when obtaining knowledge?,5) Why was Jefferson determined never to answer his critics (批判者)?,6) How do you understand the sentence “ How much pain has been caused by evils which have never happened?”,1) Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?,2)

24、Why was Jefferson chosen to write the Declaration of Independence?,( Thomas Jefferson ),( His talent of writing earned him the chance of writing the Declaration of Independence. ),3) Jefferson was an expert in many fields. Can you name some of them?,4) What did Jefferson teach people to do when obta

25、ining knowledge?,( agriculture, archeology(考古學(xué)), medicine and so on ),( go and see ),5) Why was Jefferson determined never to answer his critics (批判者)?,6) How do you understand the sentence “ How much pain has been caused by evils which have never happened?”,( Because he believed in conflict rather

26、than in unquestioning agreement. ),( It was useless to worry about the future and new ideas. ),7) Why does the author say that American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson?,8) From the text, what can we learn about Thomas Jefferson himself?,( Because he believed that only a nation of edu

27、cated people could remain free. ),( We learn that Jefferson was a man of great courage, an idealist (理想主義者) and a man of many talents. ),9) What lesson do we learn from Jefferson?,( Go and see; Learn from everyone; Judge for yourself; Do what you believe is right; Trust the future, trust the young.

28、),Jefferson died long ago, but many of his ideas are still of great interest to us.,Reading of the Text,LESSONS FROM JEFFERSON,Bruce Bliven,Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States, may be less famous than George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, but most people remember at least one

29、 fact about him: he wrote the Declaration of Independence.,Para.1,Although Jefferson lived more than 200 years ago, there is much that we can learn from him today. Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth. Here are some of the things he said and wrote:,Para.2,Go and see. Jefferso

30、n believed that a free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books and that personal investigation is important. When still a young man, he was appointed to a committee to find out whether the South Branch of the James River was deep enough to be used by large boats. While the other member

31、s of the committee sat in the state capitol and studied papers on the subject, Jefferson got into a canoe and made on-the-spot observation.,Para.3,Jefferson believed that a free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books and that personal investigation is important. 杰斐遜認(rèn)為，一個(gè)自由的人除了從書(shū)本中獲取只是

32、外，還可以從許多別的來(lái)源獲得知識(shí)。親自做調(diào)查是很重要的。,When still a young man, he was appointed to a committee to find out whether the South Branch of the James River was deep enough to be used by large boats. 在他還很年輕的時(shí)候，他就被任命為一個(gè)委員會(huì)的成員，去調(diào)查詹姆斯河南部支流的水深是否可以通行大型船只。,While the other members of the committee sat in the state capitol

33、 and studied papers on the subject, Jefferson got into a canoe and made on-the-spot observation. 委員會(huì)的其他成員都坐在州議會(huì)大廈內(nèi)研究有關(guān)這一問(wèn)題的文件，而杰斐遜卻跳進(jìn)一只獨(dú)木舟去作現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀測(cè)。,You can learn from everyone. By birth and by education Jefferson belonged to the highest social class. Yet, in a day when few noble persons ever spoke to

34、those of humble origins except to give an order, Jefferson went out of his way to talk with gardeners, servants, and waiters. Jefferson once said to the French nobleman, Lafayette, “ You must go into the peoples homes as I have done, look into their cooking pots and eat their bread. If you will only

35、 do this, you may find out why people are dissatisfied and understand the revolution that is threatening France.”,By birth and by education Jefferson belonged to the highest social class. 按出身及其所受的教育，杰斐遜均屬于最高的社會(huì)階層。,Yet, in a day when few noble persons ever spoke to those of humble origins except to g

36、ive an order, Jefferson went out of his way to talk with gardeners, servants, and waiters. 然而，在那個(gè)貴族們除了發(fā)號(hào)施令以外很少跟出身卑賤的人說(shuō)話的年代，杰斐遜卻想盡辦法跟園丁，仆人和侍者交談。,Jefferson once said to the French nobleman, Lafayette, “ You must go into the peoples homes as I have done, look into their cooking pots and eat their bread

37、. 有一次，杰斐遜曾這樣對(duì)法國(guó)貴族拉斐特說(shuō)：“你必須像我那樣到平民百姓的家里去，看看他們的燒飯鍋，吃吃他們的面包。,If you will only do this, you may find out why people are dissatisfied and understand the revolution that is threatening France.” 只要你肯這樣做，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)老百姓為什么會(huì)不滿意，你就會(huì)理解正在威脅著法國(guó)革命。,Judge for yourself. Jefferson refused to accept other peoples opinions w

38、ithout careful thought. “ Neither believe nor reject anything,” he wrote to his nephew, “ because any other person has rejected or believed it. Heaven has given you a mind for judging truth and error. Use it!” Jefferson felt that the people “ may safely be trusted to hear everything true and false,

39、and to form a correct judgment. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.”,Para.5,Jefferson refused to accept other peoples opinions without careful thought. 未經(jīng)過(guò)認(rèn)真的思考，杰斐

40、遜絕不接受別人意見(jiàn)。,“ Neither believe nor reject anything,” he wrote to his nephew, “ because any other person has rejected or believed it. Heaven has given you a mind for judging truth and error. Use it!” 他在給侄子的昕信中寫(xiě)到：“不要因?yàn)閯e的人相信或拒絕了什么東西，你也就去相信它或拒絕它。上帝賜予你一個(gè)用來(lái)判斷真理和謬論的頭腦，那 你就運(yùn)用吧！,Jefferson felt that the people

41、“ may safely be trusted to hear everything true and false, and to form a correct judgment. 杰斐遜覺(jué)得，人民是完全可以信賴的，應(yīng)該讓他們聽(tīng)到一切真實(shí)和虛偽的東西，然后作出正確的判斷。,Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer th

42、e latter.” 倘使讓我來(lái)決定，我們是應(yīng)該要一個(gè)沒(méi)有宣傳的政府呢還是應(yīng)該有不要政府的報(bào)紙，我會(huì)毫不猶豫地選擇后者。,Do what you believe is right. In a free country there will always be conflicting ideas, and this is a source of strength. It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive. Though Jefferson was for many years the obje

43、ct of strong criticism, he never answered his critics. He expressed his philosophy in letters to a friend, “ There are two sides to every question. If you take one side with decision and act on it with effect, those who take the other side will of course resent your actions.”,In a free country there

44、 will always be conflicting ideas, and this is a source of strength. 在一個(gè)自由的國(guó)家里總會(huì)有各種相互沖突的思想，而這正是力量的源泉。,It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive. 使自己保持活力的是沖突而不是絕對(duì)的一致。,Though Jefferson was for many years the object of strong criticism, he never answered his critics. 雖然有好多

45、年杰斐遜一直受到激烈的批評(píng)，但他從不回答那些批評(píng)他的人。,He expressed his philosophy in letters to a friend, “ There are two sides to every question. If you take one side with decision and act on it with effect, those who take the other side will of course resent your actions.” 他在寫(xiě)給一位朋友的信中表達(dá)了自己的觀點(diǎn)：每個(gè)問(wèn)題都有兩面，如果你堅(jiān)決站在一面并根據(jù)它有效地采取行動(dòng)

46、，那么，站在另外一面的那些人當(dāng)然會(huì)對(duì)你的行動(dòng)怨恨不滿。,Trust the future; trust the young. Jefferson felt that the present should never be chained to customs which have lost their usefulness. “ No society,” he said, “ can make a perpetual constitution, or even a perpetual law. The earth belongs to the living generation.” He di

47、d not fear new ideas, nor did he fear the future. “ How much pain,” he remarked, “ has been caused by evils which have never happened! I expect the best, not the worst. I steer my ship with hope, leaving fear behind.”,Jefferson felt that the present should never be chained to customs which have lost

48、 their usefulness. “ No society,” “ can make a perpetual constitution, or even a perpetual law. 杰斐遜認(rèn)為，絕不可以用那些已經(jīng)無(wú)用的習(xí)俗來(lái)束縛住“現(xiàn)在”的手腳。他說(shuō)，“沒(méi)有那個(gè)社會(huì)可以制定一部永遠(yuǎn)適用的法律也制定不出來(lái)。,The earth belongs to the living generation.” He did not fear new ideas, nor did he fear the future. “ How much pain,” he remarked, “ has been

49、 caused by evils which have never happened! 地球是屬于活著一代的，他不害怕細(xì)想也不害怕未來(lái)。他評(píng)論說(shuō)：“有多少痛苦是由一個(gè)些從未發(fā)生過(guò)的災(zāi)難引起的?。∥移诖氖亲詈玫臇|西，而不是最壞的東西。,I expect the best, not the worst. I steer my ship with hope, leaving fear behind.” 我滿懷希望地駕駛著自己的航船，而吧恐懼拋在后面。,Of all Jeffersons many talents, one is central. He was above all a good an

50、d tireless writer. His complete works, now being published for the first time, will fill more than fifty volumes. His talent as an author was soon discovered, and when the time came to write the Declaration of Independence at Philadelphia in 1776, the task of writing it was his. Millions have thrill

51、ed to his words:“ We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal”,Of all Jeffersons many talents, one is central. He was above all a good and tireless writer. His complete works, now being published for the first time, will fill more than fifty volumes. 在杰斐遜的眾多才能中，有一種是最主要的：,

52、When Jefferson died on July 4, 1826, the 50th anniversary of American independence, he left his countrymen a rich legacy of ideas and examples. American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson, who believed that only a nation of educated people could remain free.,IV. Language points, be of u

53、se useful, be of help helpful, be of assistance assistant, be of importance important, be of significance significant,1. be of great interest,= very interesting,Similarity:,Jefferson died long ago, but many of his ideas are still of great interest to us.,2. at least,至少,Examples:, This book cost me a

54、t least 10., There are at least 10,000 students in this University., but most people remember at least one fact about him: he wrote the Declaration of Independence., There are at most 50 students in this examination room.,3. source, origin:,Examples:, Well have to find a new source of income., A new

55、spaper gets news from many sources., The origin of the custom is unknown., Ancient Greece is called the origin of Western Civilization (西方文明).,Jefferson believed that a free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books and that personal investigation is important.,4. appoint, name,Both mean

56、 “ put (sb.) in or choose (sb.) for a position, job, etc.” Appoint indicates that the selection is made by someone officially charged with this duty, whereas name is less formal and tells little about the chooser or the method of choice involved.,When still a young man, he was appointed to a committ

57、ee to find out whether the South Branch of the James River was deep enough to be used by large boats.,Examples:, The President appointed a new cabinet (內(nèi)閣) member., I heard that the committee would appoint him director of the China Studies Program., He was appointed to a university chair., When will

58、 they name a successor?, He was named captain of the team.,5. capitol, Capitol, capital,The word capitol means a building in which the state legislative body (州政府機(jī)構(gòu)) meets, or a group of buildings in which the functions of a state government are carried out. Here in the text it refers to the buildin

59、g of the colonial government of Virginia. The Capitol with a capitalized C is the building in which the US Congress meets in Washington, D.C. A capital is the town or city where the government of a country, state or province is officially located.,While the other members of the committee sat in the state capitol and studied papers on the subject, Jefferson got into a canoe and made on-the-spot observation.,6. By birth and by education Jefferson belonged to the hightest social class., Judging by his family and educational background, Jefferson was a member