定語(yǔ)從句高一資料

1、克拉瑪依高級(jí)中學(xué)高一備課組資料 定語(yǔ)從句 2010.10定語(yǔ)從句專題定語(yǔ)的概念：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱為定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)可由以下表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容詞）China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分詞） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名詞）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代詞）Our monitor is always the firs

2、t to enter the classroom.（不定式短語(yǔ)）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（動(dòng)名詞）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介詞短語(yǔ)）定語(yǔ)從句的概念：當(dāng)以一個(gè)句子來(lái)充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)成分時(shí)，我們稱之為定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句的基本用法：（一）定語(yǔ)從句一般由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)1、關(guān)系代詞：who, whom, whose, which, that, as2、關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞必須位于從句之首，主句先行詞之后，

3、起著連接先行詞和從句的作用， 同時(shí)在從句中又充當(dāng)句子成分。e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.（關(guān)系代詞who在從句中作主語(yǔ)）The comrade with whom I came knows French.（whom在從句中作介詞with的賓語(yǔ)）3、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法：1）當(dāng)先行詞為人時(shí)用who 作主語(yǔ)，whom作賓語(yǔ)；2）當(dāng)先行詞為物或整個(gè)句子時(shí)用which ，可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)；3）先行詞為人、物時(shí)用that ，可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)；4）whose用作定語(yǔ)，可指人或物；5）關(guān)系副詞when（指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，where（指地點(diǎn)

4、，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)），why（指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)）。（二）限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句1、限制性定語(yǔ)從句：從句與主句關(guān)系密切，去掉從句，主句意義不完整，甚至不合邏輯。e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定語(yǔ)從句，意思就不完整）2、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：從句對(duì)先行詞關(guān)系不密切，去掉定從句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，不能that用引導(dǎo)。e.g. Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引導(dǎo)非限制性定

5、語(yǔ)從句，整個(gè)句子可分成兩句來(lái)翻譯）（三）使用定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)特別注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題1、that與which的區(qū)別。1）用that而不用 which的情況：先行詞為不定代詞all, anything, nothing, ；先行詞有最高級(jí)修飾，有序數(shù)詞修飾；先行詞有only, very, any等詞修飾；先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 沒(méi)有什么能阻止他不干那件事。The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂

6、林他們所參觀的第一個(gè)地方是象鼻山。This is the best film that I have ever seen. 這部電影是我看過(guò)的最好的一部。Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他認(rèn)識(shí)的唯一的外國(guó)人。2）用which而不用 that的情況：引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；代表整個(gè)主句的意思；介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞。e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他數(shù)學(xué)考試沒(méi)有及格，這使他的父親很生氣。This is the room

7、in which my father lived last year. 這是父親去年居住過(guò)的房子。3）as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的用法as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常用于the same as, such as結(jié)構(gòu)中。e.g. I want the same shirt as my friends. 我要一件跟我朋友一樣的襯衫。Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我們車(chē)間使用的這種機(jī)器是中國(guó)制造的。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用來(lái)修飾整個(gè)句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to a

8、ll, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所預(yù)料的那樣，他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。3）as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)與which的區(qū)別當(dāng)主句和從句語(yǔ)義一致時(shí)，用as；反之，用which來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected.He made a

9、long speech, which was unexpected.當(dāng)非限制定語(yǔ)從句為否定時(shí)，常用which引導(dǎo)。e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesnt like at all.2. 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)由先行詞決定。e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在樓下的那個(gè)人英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很流利。The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill

10、 tomorrow.3. 定語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)不直接緊靠先行詞，中間由一個(gè)定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)隔開(kāi)。e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I cant understand.4. 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞有時(shí)可以用“介詞 + which”來(lái)代替。e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the Peoples Republic of China was founded.5. 當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是帶介詞或副詞的固定短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的各個(gè)固定部分不要拆開(kāi)。e.g. The sick man

11、whom she is looking after is her father.6. 介詞在關(guān)系代詞前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介詞在句尾，關(guān)系代詞可有which, that, whom, 口語(yǔ)中也可用who，且可省略。e.g. The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to school.解答定語(yǔ)從句中的方法技巧：選擇引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞是學(xué)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句的難點(diǎn)。巧用以下口決，可化難為易。一看指人還是物，二看介詞在何處；三看句中作何用，四看否屬特殊。方法一：“一看指人還是物”指人時(shí)用who（作主語(yǔ)）、who

12、m(作賓語(yǔ))和whose(作定語(yǔ)，既指人又指物)；that既可指人又可指物，但在當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)中多指物；which只能指物，that與which在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)；在非正式文體中，作賓語(yǔ)的whom,which或that可省略。如：In the beginning, people who bought them often got angry. (who指人，修飾先行詞people,作從句的主語(yǔ)。)剛開(kāi)始，買(mǎi)的人經(jīng)常會(huì)生氣。They needed a plant which didnt need as much water as rice.(which指物，修飾先行詞plant,作從句的主語(yǔ)，此處wh

13、ich可換為that。)他們需要一種不像水稻那樣需要大量水的作物。Ive bought a new dictionary whose cover is blue.（這里whose指物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。）我買(mǎi)了一本封皮是藍(lán)色的字典。難點(diǎn)：（1）whose既可指“某人的”，也可指“某物的”，指物時(shí)不可想當(dāng)然誤用which,但可使用“the+n.+of which”的表達(dá)方法，也可用“of which +n”的表達(dá)方式。例句：Ive bought a new dictionary, the cover of which is blue.Ive bouth a new dictionary of wh

14、ich the cover is blue.(2)在非正式文體中，當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞who位于從句句首時(shí)，可替換whom作賓語(yǔ)。如：Do you know the boy who/whom we talked to just now?方法二：“二看介詞在何處”當(dāng)介詞置于從句之首時(shí)，若指人，介詞之后只能用whom而不能用who或that;若指物,則只能用which而不能用that。試比較以下兩組句子：1Do you know the woman with whom I shook hands at the school gate?(此處介詞with之后的whom不可替換為who或that,也不能省略。)D

15、o you know the woman whom I shook hands with at the school gate?(此句中的引導(dǎo)詞whom作介詞with的賓語(yǔ)，可換為who或that,也不能省略。)難點(diǎn)：（1）當(dāng)who, whom, which, that等引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)而省略時(shí)，從句中不能再加賓語(yǔ)。如：This is the pen she bought it yesterday.(此處的it應(yīng)去悼，因?yàn)樽髻e語(yǔ)的which或that已省略。)（2）兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句組成一個(gè)句子時(shí)，必須用關(guān)聯(lián)詞來(lái)連接兩個(gè)句子，而不能用代詞。如：This is our monitor, wit

16、hout him, we couldnt win the game.(此句中的人稱代詞him必須改為引導(dǎo)詞whom。)Can you see the tall building, in front of it there a large play ground?(此句中的代詞it 必須改為引導(dǎo)詞which。)方法三：“三看句中作何用”如何選用定語(yǔ)從句中的引導(dǎo)詞，關(guān)鍵是要看引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作什么成分。若作主語(yǔ)，則在who, that或which之中選擇；若作定語(yǔ)，則用whose;若作狀語(yǔ)，則在when,where,why之中選擇。試比較：1. Have you ever been to the p

17、lace which/that we visted last year你去過(guò)我們?nèi)ツ陞⒂^的那個(gè)地方嗎?Have you ever been to the place where we worked last year?你去過(guò)我們?nèi)ツ旯ぷ鞯哪莻€(gè)地方嗎？以上第一句中的引導(dǎo)詞which/that作及物動(dòng)詞visited的賓語(yǔ)，可省略，不可換用where;第二句中的引導(dǎo)詞where作不及物動(dòng)詞worked的狀語(yǔ)，不可換用which或that,但可用in which來(lái)替換。2.Do you still remember the day which/that we spent together?你還記得我

18、們一起度過(guò)的那一天嗎？Do you still remember the day when we stayed together?你還記得我們呆在一起的那一天嗎？以上第一句中的引導(dǎo)詞which/that作及物動(dòng)詞spent的賓語(yǔ)，可省略，不可用when替換；而第二句的when作不及物動(dòng)詞stayed的狀語(yǔ)，不可換用which或that,但可用on which來(lái)替換。難點(diǎn)：要把握句子結(jié)構(gòu)，正確分析句子成分，切不可見(jiàn)到表示時(shí)間的名詞就用when,見(jiàn)到表示地點(diǎn)的句詞變用where。方法四:“四看是否屬特殊”定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的使用還要注意一些特殊情況,如who 與that均可指人,which和that都

19、可指物,但這些引導(dǎo)詞在具體的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中有區(qū)別,不能換用。如：This is the first time that Ive been to the museum, which I have been looking forward to for many years.這是我第一次去博物館，我盼了好多年了。當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞只用that而不能用which；在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，只能用which而不能用that,故此句中的that與which不能互換。which is the book that you want to borrow?你想借那一本書(shū)？當(dāng)先行詞是which時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用th

20、at.另外一種常考的點(diǎn)是way和reason引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。如：I dislike the way in which/that/ he talks to his mother.我不喜歡他和他母親說(shuō)話的方式此句中way在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)方式狀語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)詞用in which that 或者省略定語(yǔ)從句專練：練習(xí)題 1.1.The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.A.until B.that C.when D.where2._is known to everybody

21、, the moon travels around the earth once every month.A.It B.As C.That D.What3.Aften living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A.which B.where C.that D.when4.This is the hotel _ last month.A.which they stayed B.at that they stayed C.where they stayed at D.w

22、here they stayed5.Do you known the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A.which B.that C.when D.on which6.That is the day _Ill never forget.A.which B.on which C.in which D.when 7.I have bought two ballpens, _writes well.A.none of them B.neither of themC.neither of which D.none of which 8.Is

23、 _some German friends visited last week?A.this school B.this the schoolC.this school one D.this school where9.This is one of the best films_.A.that have been shown this year B.that have shown C.that has been shown this year D.that you talked10.Can you lend me the book _the other day?A.about which yo

24、u talked B.which you talkedC.about that you talked D.that you talked練習(xí)題 2.一、把下列每對(duì)句子合并成含有定語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句：1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.4. The students will not pass the exam . The

25、y dont study hard.5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.10. The tree is

26、quite tall. He is climbing it.11. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop.12. Thats the child. We were looking at his drawing just now.13. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer.14. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework havent been handed in.15. Is that the woman? Her daughter

27、is in my class.16. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees.17. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields.18. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.19. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill t

28、here was a temple.20. She came into a big room. In the middle of it stood a large table.二、根據(jù)句子意思，在第一個(gè)空白處填入介詞，在第二個(gè)填入關(guān)系代詞whom或which:1. The person _ _ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.2. The pencil _ _ he was writing broke.3. Wu Dong, _ _ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much

29、.4. The two things _ _ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.5. Her bag, _ _ she put all her books, has not been found.6. The stories about the Long March, _ _ this is one example, are well written.三、選擇填空：1. The man _ visited our school yesterday is from London.A. whoB

30、. whichC. whomD. when2. The woman _ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.A. whoseB. whoC. whomD. which3. Because of my poor memory, all _ you told me has been forgotten.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. as4. Do you remember those days _ we spent along the seashore very happily?A. whenB. where C. which

31、D. who5. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera _ he lost last week.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. as6. Those _ want to go please sign their names here.A. whomB. whichC. whoD. when7. Where is the man _ I met this morning?A. whenB. whereC. whichD. who8. Who is the woman _ is s

32、weeping the floor over there?A. whoB. /C. thatD. when9. The man _ you talked just now is a worker.A. whoB. whomC. to whomD. to who10. The man _ you are going to make friends is my fathers neighbour.A. with whomB. whenC. to whomD. which11. The doctor _ is leaving for Africa next month.A. the nurse is

33、 talking to himB. whom the nurse is talkingC. the nurse is talking toD. who the nurse is talking12. The man _ around our school is from America.A. which you showedB. you showed himC. you showedD. where you showed13. He talked about a hero _ no one had ever heard.A. of whomB. from whomC. about thatD.

34、 who14. In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions _ were asked in French.A. whereB. whoC. in whichD. which15. Have you read the book _ I lent to you?A. thatB. whomC. whenD. whose16. Finally, the thief handed over everything _ he had stolen to the police.A. that B. which C. whateverD.

35、all17. The foreign guests, _ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.A. most of themB. most of thatC. most of whomD. most of those18. This is the very letter _came last night.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. as19. I know only a little about this matter; you may ask _ knows better than

36、I.A. whoeverB. whomeverC. anyoneD. the one20. This is the school _ we visited three days ago.A. whereB. /C. whenD. what21. This is the factory _ we worked a year ago.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. on which22. Nearby were two canoes _ they had come to the island.A. whichB. in whichC. thatD. /23. Jack is p

37、leased with _ you have given him and all _ you have told him.A. that, whatB. what, thatC. which, whatD. that, which24. Do you work near the building _ colour is yellow?A. thatB. whichC. itsD. whose25. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A. whomB. whoC. to whomD.

38、 form whom26. Is this school _ we visited three years ago?A. the oneB. whichC. thatD. where27. Is this the school _ we visited three years ago?A. the oneB. whereC. in whichD. /28, How many students are there in your class _ homes are in the country?A. whoseB. who C. whomD. which29. Alice received an

39、 invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise.A. itB. whichC. thatD. he 30. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage _ already seven other people.A. when there wereB. which there wereC. that there wereD. where there were31. I live in the house _ windows face south. A. whichB. whoseC.

40、 whereD. in that32. - What game is popular with them?- The _ most is tennis.A. game they like itB. game they likeC. best game they likeD. best game they like it33. They stayed with me three weeks, _ they drank all the wine I had.A. whichB. which timeC. during which timeD. during which34. The room _

41、Mr White lives is not very large. A. thatB. whichC. whereD. when35. Dont forget the day _ you were received into the Youth League.A. whenB. thatC. at whichD. where36. Ive finished writing the novel, _ is to be published next month.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. when37. He returned home safe and sound afte

42、r a fierce battle, _ was unexpected.A. whichB. asC. thatD. it38. _ we is known to all, English is not very difficult to learn.A. WhatB. As C. ThatD. Which39. The old man had three sons, all of _ died during World War .A. whoseB. thatC. whomD. who40. I have bought two pens, _ write well.A. none of whichB. neither of whichC. both of whichD. all of which41. Do you know the reason _ she has changed her mind?A. whyB. whichC. for thatD. of which42. He failed in the exam, _ proves that he wasnt w