高考人教版英語語法2020高考英語考點(diǎn)一遍過超全考點(diǎn)梳理+易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥 一般時(shí)

1、考點(diǎn)09 一般時(shí)高考頻度： 【命題解讀】動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是歷年高考的重點(diǎn)，也是高考的必考點(diǎn)。應(yīng)特別注意以下幾點(diǎn)：要把握各種時(shí)態(tài)的特點(diǎn)，注意易混淆時(shí)態(tài)間的差異；準(zhǔn)確理解具體語境下時(shí)態(tài)的正確意義，捕捉句子中所隱含的時(shí)間信息；要克服漢語式的慣性思維，排除誤導(dǎo)，培養(yǎng)發(fā)散性思維。【命題預(yù)測(cè)】預(yù)計(jì)2020年時(shí)態(tài)仍將是高考的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)所在。高考主要以語法填空、短文改錯(cuò)等形式考查，動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)在語法填空和短文改錯(cuò)中是必考點(diǎn)。高考在考查時(shí)態(tài)的同時(shí)，還會(huì)兼顧其他語法內(nèi)容的考查，比如各種從句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句等，其交叉式和復(fù)合式的特點(diǎn)尤為明顯?！緩?fù)習(xí)建議】 1. 了解并能正確運(yùn)用常考的11種時(shí)態(tài)；2. 熟練運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)

2、在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)等高考高頻時(shí)態(tài)；3. 掌握幾種易混時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別，如現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)等。動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)(以動(dòng)詞do為例)現(xiàn)在時(shí)過去時(shí)將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)一般時(shí)do / doesdidshall/will doshould/would do進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are doingwas/were doingshall/will be doingshould/would be doing完成時(shí)have/has didhad didshall/will have didshould/would have did完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have/has been doinghad been doingshal

3、l/will have been doingshould/would have been doing考向一 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1. 表示客觀事實(shí)或普通真理（不受時(shí)態(tài)限制）。The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun. 地理老師告訴我們地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中國的東方。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太陽東升西落。2. 表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和often，always，usu

4、ally，sometimes，everyday，once a week等表示頻率的時(shí)間狀語連用。 He takes a walk after supper every day. 他每天晚飯后散步。 My mother works at the same company as my father. 我的母親和父親在同一家公司工作。 We always care for each other and help each other. 我們總是相互關(guān)心、相互幫助。3. 表示主語的特征、性格、能力等。Mr Smith hates fish and never eats any. 史密斯先生討厭魚而且從

5、來不吃魚。Mary speaks both English and French very well. 瑪麗英語和法語都說得很好。4. 表示安排或計(jì)劃好的肯定會(huì)出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m. 飛機(jī)上午10點(diǎn)起飛。 Tomorrow is Wednesday. 明天是星期三。5. 在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來的動(dòng)作。 We will have to put off the sports meeting if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨我們將不得不推遲會(huì)議。 I cant leave unless my

6、boss agrees. 除非老板同意，否則我不能走。注意：if 條件狀語從句中可用shall 或will 表示意愿，但不表示時(shí)態(tài)。If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased. 如果你愿意接受我的邀請(qǐng)來參加我們的聚會(huì)，我的家人會(huì)很高興。【巧學(xué)妙記】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法口訣用好一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語需牢記?；居梅ㄒ浨?，動(dòng)作習(xí)慣經(jīng)常性?？陀^真理和能力，有時(shí)還表將來時(shí)。謂語若為行為動(dòng)，形式還要主語定。主語人稱是三單，動(dòng)詞要把-s/-es添。句中若把助動(dòng)用，謂語動(dòng)詞用原形。1.【2019

7、新課標(biāo)I卷語法填空】 Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _70_ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【答案】are【解析】時(shí)態(tài)和考查主謂一致。根據(jù)three are declining，此處數(shù)詞six作主語，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用復(fù)數(shù)謂語，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填are。2.（2017新課標(biāo)卷II短文改錯(cuò)）When summer came, they

8、 will invite their students pick the vegetables！【答案】將came改為comes【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。主句是是一般將來時(shí)，且本文全篇為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故將came改為comes。3. （2017新課標(biāo)卷I語法填空）Fast food _67_ (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 （eating） (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.【答案】is【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：快餐食物中滿

9、是脂肪和鹽。fast food的意思是“快餐”，表示一類食物，為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。故填is。4. （2017新課標(biāo)卷III語法填空）Sarah says, My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69 (come) first. I dont want to get too absorbed in modeling.【答案】comes【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知Sarah認(rèn)為當(dāng)下應(yīng)該是學(xué)業(yè)第一，說明現(xiàn)在的情況應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。5. （2017北京卷單項(xiàng)填空） People_

10、better access to health care than they used to,and theyre living longer as a result.A. will haveB. haveC. hadD. had had【答案】B【解析】句意：人們有著比過去更好的醫(yī)療保健，所以他們更長壽。與過去對(duì)比是現(xiàn)在，所以than前一句話是用現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間，而且后一句用的就是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，所以前面也用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，故選B?？枷蚨?一般過去時(shí)1. 表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常用yesterday，last year，in 1995，the other day等作時(shí)間狀語。It was

11、a terrible piece of work you turned in yesterday. 你昨天上交的作業(yè)真是很糟糕。He came to work here two weeks ago. 他兩周前來這兒上班的。2. 表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我小時(shí)候，經(jīng)常在大街上踢足球。Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. Brown夫婦訪問期間，不

12、論走到哪里，都受到了熱烈的歡迎。3. 用于固定句型中。It is time you went to bed. 到了你上床睡覺的時(shí)間了。Id rather you came tomorrow. 我寧愿你明天來。4. wish, wonder, think, hope等用過去時(shí)，作試探性的詢問、請(qǐng)求、建議等。I thought you might have some. 我原以為你會(huì)有一些的。Sorry, I didnt see the sign over there. 對(duì)不起，我（剛才）沒看見那邊的指示牌。5. 在時(shí)間狀語從句、條件狀語從句中代替過去將來時(shí)。He said he would not

13、 go if it rained. 他說要是下雨，他就不去。6. 有些句子，雖然沒有明確的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語，但實(shí)際上指的是過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也要用一般過去時(shí)。常見的此類動(dòng)詞有know, think, expect等，表示本來認(rèn)為。I didnt expect to meet you here. 我沒想到會(huì)在這兒遇到你。I thought he had heard the news. 我原以為他已經(jīng)聽說了這個(gè)消息。常見考法：1. 在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中用一般過去時(shí)表示過去將來；2. 沒有時(shí)間狀語時(shí)靈活選用一般過去時(shí)的情況；3. as if /as though引導(dǎo)的從句中用一般過去

14、表示虛擬語氣?！菊`區(qū)提醒】時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中用錯(cuò)時(shí)態(tài)；沒時(shí)間狀語時(shí)習(xí)慣用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)?！厩蓪W(xué)妙記】一般過去時(shí)用法口訣動(dòng)詞一般過去時(shí)，表示過去發(fā)生事。句中動(dòng)詞用過去式，過去時(shí)間作標(biāo)記。否定句，很簡單，謂語動(dòng)詞前didnt添。疑問構(gòu)成也有法，主語前面Did加。還有一點(diǎn)不能忘，后面動(dòng)詞要還原。1.（2019江蘇卷單項(xiàng)填空）A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith _ in love with the people and culture there.A. would fallB. had fallenC. has fallenD. f

15、ell【答案D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他到中國幾個(gè)月后，就喜歡上了那里的人和文化。發(fā)生在had arrived之后的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故選D。2. （2018新課標(biāo)I卷單項(xiàng)填空）During my last winter holiday, I went to （加the）countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there.【答案】find改成found【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)文章中的During my last winter holiday可知，事件發(fā)生在過去，故用一個(gè)過去

16、時(shí)。故將find改成found。3.（2017新課標(biāo)卷I短文改錯(cuò)）Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, so（改為but/yet） once I started the car, my mind goes blank, I forgot what he had said to me altogether.【答案】goes改為went【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)前文中的started可知時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，故將goes改為went。4. （2017新課標(biāo)卷II語法填空）Later, eng

17、ineers _68_(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube.【答案】managed 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。此處表示過去的情況，所以這里也應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，故填managed。5. （2017北京卷單項(xiàng)填空）_ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?Yes. They are happy with it.A. Did you call B. Have you ca

18、lled C. Will you call D. Were you calling【答案】A【解析】句意：你昨天有沒有給那家公司打電話問問他們對(duì)我們的產(chǎn)品感覺怎么樣？打了，他們對(duì)產(chǎn)品很滿意?？崭袼陬}干有一個(gè)很明顯的時(shí)間狀語yesterday，發(fā)生在過去，肯定用過去時(shí)，故選A?？枷蛉?一般將來時(shí)1. 一般將來時(shí)的定義一般將來時(shí)表示在現(xiàn)在看來即將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常用時(shí)間副詞tomorrow, soon或短語next year / week / month, in a few days, in the future, sometime 做狀語。如：What will you do thi

19、s afternoon. 你今天下午干什么？We will have a meeting tomorrow. 我們明天要開會(huì)。He is going to study abroad next year. 明年他要出國學(xué)習(xí)。2. 一般將來時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)及應(yīng)用(1) shall / will + 動(dòng)詞原形。表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。特別是表示客觀性的事情或在某條件下要發(fā)生的事情，只能用此結(jié)構(gòu)。如：What shall we do if he doesnt come? 如果他不來，我們?cè)撛趺崔k？Will you be free this evening? 今天晚上有空嗎？I think he wil

20、l tell us the truth. 我想他會(huì)告訴我們真實(shí)情況的。(2) be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形。表示已經(jīng)計(jì)劃或安排好了的事情，也可表示有跡象表明肯定要發(fā)生的事情。如：We are going to have a meeting to discuss the matter this evening. 今天晚上開會(huì)討論這件事情。Look at the black clouds over there. I think it is going to rain soon. 看一看那邊的烏云，我想天要下雨了。There is going to be an English evening

21、 this week. 本周要舉行一個(gè)英語晚會(huì)。(3) be to + 動(dòng)詞原形。表示一種常規(guī)性的活動(dòng)或注定要做的事情。如：Who is to clean the classroom today? 今天該誰打掃教室了？When are you to return your library book? 你什么時(shí)候要還圖書？The bridge is to be completed by the end of this year. 這渡橋該在今年年底前完工。(4) be about to + 動(dòng)詞原形。表示就要做或正好要做的事情。往往暗含一種時(shí)間上的巧合，因此，句子不能再用時(shí)間狀語。如：Dont

22、leave. Li Lei is about to come. 不要走了，李蕾就要來了。Be quiet. The concert is about to start. 安靜下來，音樂演唱會(huì)就要開始了。(5) be +現(xiàn)在分詞。表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。這個(gè)句型中動(dòng)詞主要是瞬間動(dòng)詞：come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open, die, join, borrow, buy等。如：Go ahead, and Im coming. 走前面一點(diǎn)吧，我就來。The dog is dying. 那條狗要死了。Hurry up.

23、The shop is closing. 快點(diǎn)，商店就要關(guān)門了。(6) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。表示一種嚴(yán)格按照計(jì)劃進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。比方說，上課、飛機(jī)起飛、火車離站等。如：Dont hurry. The meeting starts at a quarter past eight. 不要匆忙，回憶八點(diǎn)過一刻開始。The bus goes back at four thirty. 汽車四點(diǎn)返回。1.Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.All right. I_ him later.A. will call B. have called C. call D

24、 will be calling【答案】A【解析】句意：Dr. Jackson現(xiàn)在不在辦公室。好的，我待會(huì)再打給他。由later可知，表示的是將來要執(zhí)行的動(dòng)作，用一般將來時(shí)。故選A。2. More expressways in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.A. are being built B. will be built C. have been built D. had been built【答案】B【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。本句為時(shí)態(tài)題，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語soon可知，考查了將來時(shí)，且此處表示被動(dòng)，故選擇B。句意：四川將建設(shè)更多的高速公路以促進(jìn)

25、當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟(jì)?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】本題考查時(shí)態(tài)。英語中的時(shí)態(tài)是靠動(dòng)詞的變化來體現(xiàn)的，在具體做題時(shí)，需要關(guān)注的是時(shí)間狀語。因此，考生在做本題時(shí)，需要先找出時(shí)間狀語soon，然后才能準(zhǔn)確判斷時(shí)態(tài)是一般將來時(shí)。通過觀察選項(xiàng)可知，選項(xiàng)A是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；選項(xiàng)B是一般將來時(shí)；選項(xiàng)C是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；選項(xiàng)D是過去完成時(shí)。故選擇B。3.As you go through this book, you _ that each of the millions of people who lived through World War II had a different experience.A. will findB. foundC. had foundD. have found【答案】A【解析】一般將來時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。在一般將來時(shí)的句子中，有時(shí)有表示將來時(shí)間的狀語，有時(shí)沒有時(shí)間狀語，這時(shí)要從意思上判斷是否指未來的動(dòng)作或情況。句意：當(dāng)你通讀這本書的時(shí)候，你將會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)成千上萬的經(jīng)歷過二戰(zhàn)的每個(gè)人都有不同的經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)句意，判斷主語的時(shí)態(tài)為一般將來時(shí)，故選A【名師點(diǎn)睛】本題旨在考查句子