信息系統(tǒng)開發(fā)與管理簡答題（Brief answer to information system development and management）

1、信息系統(tǒng)開發(fā)與管理簡答題（Brief answer to information system development and management）1. the main advantages and disadvantages of the distributed structure of information system are discussed.Advantages: it can configure information resources according to application requirements and access.Second, it is benef

2、icial to give full play to the initiative and enthusiasm of users and improve the adaptability of the system.The system is easy to expand.Fourth, the system robustness is goodDisadvantages: first, the scattered information resources, development, maintenance and management standards are difficult to

3、 unify.The systems in different regions sometimes have conflicts, and management coordination is difficultSafety and security measures are difficult to be unified.2., the significance and stage division of management information system life cycle are discussed.The process of producing, developing, m

4、aturing and updating of management information system is called the lifecycle of management information system.It can be divided into four stages: system planning, system development, system operation and maintenance, and system updating.The system development phase can be divided into three stages:

5、 system analysis, system design and system implementation.3. the basic ideas and main principles of structured methods for system development are discussed.1 the basic idea, structured method is the whole process of system development is divided into several stages, each stage of certain activities,

6、 each activity with a series of standards, specifications, methods and technology to complete one or more tasks, form conforms to a given product specification (results)2. The main principles of structured methods are:Principles of user participation, logical and post physics, and strict division of

7、 work stage;Principle of subordinate items; the standardization principle of production description.4. discuss the main advantages and disadvantages of the fourth generation language.Advantages: high programming efficiency, can greatly shorten the development time.The interface is friendly and conve

8、nient for the average user to study.Suitable for end users and developers.Disadvantages: the resulting software runs poorly.5. briefly describes the basic content of the overall structure of the system.The overall structure of the system refers to what the whole system consists of, and the physical

9、and logical relationships among the parts, including hardware and software. Including the overall layout of the system design, the overall design of the software system, the overall structure of data storage design.6. briefly describe the characteristics of the system design.The environment of syste

10、m design is the combination of management environment and technology environment.7. briefly describe the users primary role in developing the system using life cycle methodology.In the life cycle method, users are one of the major components of a system builder. The role of the user demand is clear

11、and detailed the functions of the system, the various stages of the audit results and acceptance from the users point of view, to provide the necessary resources system construction, coordination between information system and organization departments.8. briefly describe the purpose and results of t

12、he information flow survey in the detailed investigation.Objective: in order to use the computer to control the organization of information, must give other content to flow, abstracted information flow, processing, storage process, comprehensive information flow organization.Results: data flow diagr

13、am9. briefly describe the physical composition of the management information system.(1) computer hardware system(2) computer software system(3) data and its storage medium(4) communication system(5) information collection and processing equipment for non computer systems(6) rules and regulations(7)

14、staff members;10. briefly describe the basic requirements for compiling data dictionaries.(L) the definition of various components on a data flow diagram must be clear, understandable, and unique.(2) the commands and numbers are consistent with the data flow diagram. If necessary, coding can be adde

15、d to facilitate queries, retrieval, maintenance and statistical reports.(3) to meet the requirements of consistency and integrity, and to define and explain the components of the data flow diagram without omission.(4) format specifications, style unity, text refining, digital and symbol correct.11.,

16、 the basis of evaluation of computer system scheme in management information system is briefly introduced.Whether all the functional requirements are met and the future development is taken into account.Accessories are complete.Whether software is rich or not.Is the technology advanced?.Is the backu

17、p reliable?.Whether the development of the system.The price is reasonable.12., brief description of the main content of information resources.Information resources usually include: information (news, knowledge and Technology) and its carrier; information collection, transmission, processing, storage

18、 facilities and manufacturing software; the hardware and software facilities; the relevant information collection, processing, transmission, storage, and use a variety of standards, norms, rules and regulations, methods, etc.13., what are the complexity of management information system construction?

19、The complexity of construction of management information system is mainly embodied in the following five aspects.(1) the complexity of construction environment.(2) the diversity of user requirements.(3) the complexity of construction content.(4) the complexity of technical means.(5) the density of r

20、esources needed for construction.14. briefly describe the objectives of the feasibility study and the key problems to be solved in the phase of system analysis.The goal is to further define the goals, dimensions and functions of the system, and propose preliminary plans and plans for the proposed de

21、velopment system. It is necessary to demonstrate the scale, objectives and constraints of the system, and put forward the logical model and possible scheme of the system to provide scientific basis for decision making of the system development project.The key problems to be solved are technical feas

22、ibility study, economic feasibility study, feasibility study, system development, preliminary plan and development plan15. briefly describe the main principles of the overall structure design of data storage.(L) the rationality of the data structure.(2) the security of data storage.(3) maintenance a

23、nd management are convenient.16. briefly describe the basic starting point and four main steps of the BSP (enterprise system planning) method.The basic starting point of BSP methodology is that.:(L) an information system must support the objectives of the enterprise.(2) an information system strateg

24、y should express the needs of different management levels in an enterprise.(3) an information system should provide consistent information to the organization as a whole.(4) an information system should maintain its ability to work when the organizational structure and management system change.(5) a

25、 strategic planning of an information system should begin with a subsystem in the overall information system.The main steps of BSP implementation:Defining enterprise goals; defining enterprise processes; defining data classes; defining the overall structure of the information system.17. briefly desc

26、ribe the importance, main content, strategy and basic method of information collection in system analysisThe importance of information collection is the basis for completing system analysis tasks.Main contents: (1) information about organization (2) about human information (3) information about work

27、Collection strategy (1) comprehensive investigation strategy. (2) key factor strategy. (3) point to surface combination strategy.The basic methods of information collection: interview, questionnaire, literature review and field observation18. briefly describe the object and purpose of the system tes

28、t and the basic principles.Object: software. Objective: to detect errors.Principle: the test work should be avoided to be borne by the individual or group for the development of software; test design, not only includes the input data to determine, but should include the test results expected from th

29、e system function; test cases should not only include the valid input data, but also reasonable, including invalid or unreasonable input data; check whether the program is not only to do, but also check whether the program should not be made to do the same; and have found a mature probability is pro

30、portional to the number of mature software still exists19. describe the main features of the information.Features: (L) scalability. (2) storable. (3) machinability. (4) sharing. (5) time delay20. briefly describe the main contents of each phase of the MIS life cycle.(1) system planning: strategic pl

31、anning, organization of information needs analysis, and resource allocation;(2) system development: system analysis, system design and system implementation;(3) system operation and maintenance: implementation of system operation management and maintenance work;(4) system update: analyze current sys

32、tem issues and make updated decisions.21. briefly describe the basic composition of a data flow diagram.(1) external items (external entities)(2) processing (data processing)(3) data storage(4) data flow22. briefly describe the code and its function.Code: a specific symbol used to represent entities

33、, classes, and attributes of an object.Its function is as follows: (1) sign function.(2) statistical and retrieval functions.(3) description of object state.23. briefly describe the main contents of the entity security of the information system.(1) site environmental safety;(2) equipment safety;(3)

34、air conditioning and purification;(4) power supply safety;(5) electromagnetic shielding;(6) the security of the information storage medium24. briefly describe the hierarchical structure of management information system.Management information system can be divided into the following four levels:1, tr

35、ansaction processing2, business information processing3, tactical information processing4, strategic information processing25., the contents of data storage scale design should be paid attention to.(1) the rationality of data structure, that is, the rational organization of data files, the rational

36、classification and division of data elements, and the rational description of data items.(2) the most effective measure to improve the security and improve the security of data storage is to increase the redundancy of data, and the redundancy of data is difficult to maintain the consistency of data.

37、 In this regard, we should make a reasonable choice, in the premise of minimizing redundancy, to ensure data security and reliability.(3) maintenance and management are convenient.No matter what storage structure is designed, the convenience of data management and maintenance should be first protect

38、ed. It is the basis of improving system operation efficiency.26. the main advantages of centralized structure of management information system are introduced.(1) centralized information resources, easy to manage and standardize.(2) professionals can be used centrally to facilitate organization and t

39、raining(3) the utilization ratio of information resources is high(4) it is easy to implement system safety measures27., the property of normalized two-dimensional table in the design of relational database is discussed.(1) on either column, the data item has the same property.(2) all rows in the tab

40、le are not the same.(3) the order of rows is arbitrary.(4) each column (attribute) has a different name and arbitrary order.28. briefly describe the characteristics of decision support systems.(1) decision support system has strong human-computer interaction function.(2) the information base of deci

41、sion support system includes not only the internal and external environment but also the condition of the enterprise.29. briefly describe the type of information required for system analysis.(1) information about the organization;(2) information about people;(3) information about work;(4) informatio

42、n about the working environment.30. overview the overall structure of the system.The overall structure of the system refers to what constitutes the whole system, and the physical and logical relations between the parts, including hardware and software.31. briefly describe the major types of system r

43、eliability techniques.(L) equipment redundancy technology. (2) load distribution technology. (3) system regrouping techniques.(4) data redundancy checking technique. (5) system data protection and recovery technology. (6) system dynamic detection, diagnosis and automatic correction software.32. brie

44、fly describe the content and significance of user participation principle in structured methods.Management information system users are managers at all levels, to meet their information needs in management activities, management information systems construction is the direct goal.Because of the comp

45、lexity of the system itself and the construction of the system, the user needs expression and system construction professionals need to gradually understand, deepen and refine the understanding of user needs.In short, users must be directly involved in the various stages of system construction as pa

46、rt of the main building blocks of the management information system. The disconnection between users and construction work is often one of the important reasons for the failure of system construction.33. briefly describe the content of the overall design of data storage.(1) data storage mode design;

47、(2) data storage scale design(3) the distribution of data storage space(4) the choice of database management system.34. describe the tangible and intangible benefits of the information system.Tangible benefits to bring the operation of the system to increase revenue or reduce costs, such as personne

48、l, cost savings, improve the qualification rate, reduce inventory, accelerate the flow of funds; and intangible benefits are often the management work to improve the quality of information, such as reducing uncertainty, improve people the degree of trust of information, improve the information proce

49、ssing ability, improve the query speed, improve working conditions, these are often unable to quantitative estimation.35. briefly describe the main contents of the system development plan.(1) organization adjustment and establishment plan; (2) application software development plan;(3) stage schedule

50、; (4) quality control plan;(5) personnel requirements and training plan; (6) test plan;(7) installation and operation plan; (8) budget estimate and expenditure plan;36. briefly describe the information processing function structure of management information system.(1) transaction processing (2) busi

51、ness information processing (3) tactical information processing (4) strategic information processing37. briefly describe the main principles of data flow mapping.(1) define the system interface.(2) to expand from level to layer.(3) reasonable distribution.(4) data streams only reflect data flow, dat

52、a processing and data storage in logical sense.(5) data flow mapping process is the formation of the logical model of the system, and must always cooperate closely with the user.38. briefly describe several aspects of identifying the organizational rationality of a database.The basic level of data.D

53、ata stability.The extent of the data.The degree of redundancy of data.39. briefly describe what is modifiable in the system and the factors that affect its modification.System flexibility: the ease of changing the parts of a system.The factors that influence the modification: the degree of modularit

54、y of the system, the coupling between modules, the cohesion, the control domain and the roleDomain relations; data structure design.40. the main advantages and disadvantages of the distributed structure of information system are discussed.Advantages: it can configure information resources according to application requirements and access.Second, it is beneficial to give full play to the initiative and enthusiasm of users and improve the adaptability of the system.The system is easy to expand.Fourth, the system robustness is goodDisadvantages: first, the sc