初中英語名詞復(fù)數(shù)、語法大全

1、記熟并完成后面的練習(xí)：初中英語名詞復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)（Singular Form）和復(fù)數(shù)(Plural Form)兩種形式。表示一個(gè)人或物用單數(shù)形式，表示一個(gè)以上的人或物用復(fù)數(shù)形式。1一般在詞尾加-s。s在濁輔音后面讀z，在清輔音后面讀s，在t后與t一起讀ts，在d后與d一起讀dz。例如： book books 書 day days 天、日 dog dogs 狗 tree trees 樹2以s，sh，ch，x結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加-es，讀iz例如： glass glasses 玻璃杯 watch watches 手表 box boxes 盒子 brush brushes 刷3以o結(jié)尾的詞有些加-e

2、s，讀z；有些加-s，讀s。例如： tomato tomatoes 西紅柿 potato potatoes 土豆 photo photos 相片 radio radios 收音機(jī) zoo zoos 動物園4以f 或fe 結(jié)尾的詞，先把f 改為v，再加es，讀vz。例如： knife knives 小刀 leaf leaves 樹葉 life lives 生命 thief thieves 小偷5以輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾的，先把y 改為i，再加-es，讀z。例如： story stories 故事 city cities 城市 family families 家庭 baby babies 嬰兒 注意：

3、boy boys 男孩 toy toys 玩具 key keys 鑰匙6有些名詞有不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： man men 男人 woman women 婦女 tooth teeth 牙齒 foot feet 腳7有些名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同。例如； deer deer 鹿 sheep sheep綿羊 Chinese Chinese 中國人 Japanese Japanese 日本人8有些學(xué)科名詞雖以s 結(jié)尾，但通常都做單數(shù)名詞看待。例如： physics 物理 maths 數(shù)學(xué) politics 政治 news 新聞9有些單數(shù)形式的名詞具有復(fù)數(shù)的含義，要當(dāng)作復(fù)數(shù)看待。例如： people 人們，

4、人民 police 警察 public 公眾練習(xí)一、寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。movie life knife fryleaf photo radio piao zoo tomato potato bus watch box book map cat film door month horse picture class boy tooth woman eye tooth German Chinese manfootball child classroom monkey Frenchman 二、選擇填空：1. There are some _ on the hill.A. sheeps B. a

5、 sheep C. sheep D. sheepes2. Mr Black often gives us _ by Email.A. some good information B. some good informationsC. good informations D. a good information3. There are some new books in the school library. They are _ books.A. child B. childrens C. children D. childrens4. I have worn out my shoes, s

6、o I want to buy a new _ .A. pair B. one C. ones D. trousers5. Meimeis handwriting is better than any other _ in his class.A. students B. students C. students D. students6. The hospital is a bit far from here. Its about _ .A. forty minutess walk B. forty minutes walkC. forty minutes walk D. forty min

7、utes walk7. How many _ are there in your class ?A. Japanese B. American C. Australian D. Canadian8. I found my black cat in_ room.A. Jim and Mike B. Jim and Mikes C. Jims and Mikes D. Jims and Mike9. How much are the _ ?A. bread B. meats. C. potatos D. tomatoes10. There are many _ in our school.A. w

8、oman teachers B. womans teachers C. women teachers D. womens teachers11. Three months _ a long time for me.A. is B. are C. have D. has12. There are _ and _ on the table.A. two boxes cake; four bottle of orangesB. two boxes cake; four bottle of orangeC. two boxes of cakes; four bottles of orangeD. tw

9、o box of cakes; four bottles of oranges三、選擇填空： 1.Theyare_ A:mandoctorB:mendoctorsC:mendoctorD:mandoctors 2Therearefive_inthehill. A:sheepB:sheepsC:gooseD:deers 3Thosewhitesocks_small. A:areB:isC:amD:do 4Wehavemany_inourschool. A:womanteacherB:womenteachersC:womanteachersD:womenteacher 5Doyoulike_? A

10、:vegetableB:vegetablesC:anvegetable 6Howmany_dotheyhave? A:pictureB:picturesC:apicture 7Therearesix_intheroom. A:volleyballB:volleyballsC:avolleyballD:volleyballs 8Arethese_teachers? A:womanB:womenC:womans 9Itis_. A:milkB:amilkC:anmolkD:milks 10Itsa_.Itisntan_. A:apple,eggB;cake,eggC:egg,orange,D:eg

11、g,cake 11TomandJimare_. A:friendsB:friendC:brotherD:sister 12Wherearehis_?_thedresser. A:keys,TheyareonB:key,TheyareonC:keys,ItisatD:key,Itisin13Arethoseyour_? A:bookesB:boxsC:applesD:apple 14Thereis_inourroom. A:apictureandfivemapsB:fivemapsandapicture C:twopicturesandfivemapsD:twopictureandfivemap

12、初中英語語法大全一、名詞的數(shù) 我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下： 一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, docum

13、entary-documentaries, story-stories 2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四）以o結(jié)尾加s（外來詞）。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯 五）以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六）單復(fù)數(shù)相同（不變的）有：fis

14、h, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese 七）一般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒有單數(shù)的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八）單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同學(xué), family家，家庭成員 九）合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如：man doctor-men doct

15、ors, woman teacher-women teachers 十）有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如：fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報(bào)紙，卷子，論文, work工作 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時(shí)間 times時(shí)代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞 十一） 單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或s。如：Is (Is), Ks (Ks)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, S

16、ARs 十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen 二、名詞的格 1當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí)，我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下： 一）單數(shù)在后面加s。如：brothers, Mikes, teachers 二）復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加，如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如：Teachers Day教師節(jié), classmates; Childrens Day六一節(jié), Womens Day三八節(jié) 三）由a

17、nd并列的名詞所有時(shí)，如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí)，只加最后一個(gè)s，但分別擁有時(shí)卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如：Mike and Bens room邁克和本的房間（共住一間），Mikes and Bens rooms邁克和本的房間（各自的房間） 2代詞 項(xiàng)目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞 人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性 第一人稱 單數(shù) I me my mine myself 復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves 第二人稱 單數(shù) you you your yours yourself 復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves 第三人稱 單數(shù) she

18、her her hers herself he him his his himself it it its its this that itself 復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs these those themselves 3動詞 A） 第三人稱單數(shù) 當(dāng)動詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動詞那樣加s，如下： 一）一般在詞后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三）1）以

19、輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys 四）以o結(jié)尾加es。如：does, goes 五）特殊的有：are-is, have-has B） 現(xiàn)在分詞 當(dāng)我們說某人正在做什么事時(shí)，動詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構(gòu)成如下： 一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurryi

20、ng, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing 二）以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母一個(gè)輔音字母（注意除開字母組合如show showing, draw-drawing）要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning 四）以i

21、e結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于 4形容詞的級 我們在對兩個(gè)或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對比時(shí)，則要使用比較或最高級形式。構(gòu)成如下： 一） 一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter shortest, taller tallest, longer longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest 二）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個(gè)元音字母1個(gè)輔音字母(字母組合除外，如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。

22、如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三）以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四）特殊情況：(兩好多壞，一少老遠(yuǎn)) good/well - better best many/much - more mos

23、t bad/ill worse worst little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest 5數(shù)詞 (基變序，有規(guī)則；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y結(jié)尾，變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety

24、-ninetieth二、句式 1.陳述句 肯定陳述句a) This is a book. (be動詞) b) He looks very young. (連系動詞) c) I want a sweat like this. (實(shí)義動詞) d) I can bring some things to school. (情態(tài)動詞) e) Theres a computer on my desk. (There be結(jié)構(gòu)) 否定陳述句 a) These arent their books. b) They dont look nice. c) Kate doesnt go to No. 4 Middl

25、e School. d) Kate cant find her doll.e) There isnt a cat here. (=Theres no cat here.) 2. 祈使句 肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Lets learn English! c) Come in, please. 否定祈使句a) Dont be late. b) Dont hurry. 3. 疑問句 1) 一般疑問句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad? d) Do they

26、watch TV? e) Is she reading? 肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is. 否定回答: a) No, he isnt. b) No, you cant. c) No, she doesnt. d) No, they dont. e) No, she isnt. 2) 選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small? 回答 Its big./ Its small. 3) 特殊疑問句 問年齡 How old is Lucy?

27、 She is twelve. 問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies. 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine. 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K. How do we contact you? My e-mail address is . 問原因 Why do you want to join the club? 問時(shí)間 Whats the time? (=What

28、 time is it?) Its a quarter to ten a.m. What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five oclock. When do you want to go? Lets go at 7:00. 問地方 Wheres my backpack? Its under the table. 問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue. Whats your favourite color? Its black. 問人物 Whos that? Its my sister. Who

29、is the boy in blue? My brother. Who isnt at school? Peter and Emma. Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? 問東西 Whats this/that (in English)? Its a pencil case. What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers. （11）問姓名 Whats your aunts name? Her name is Helen./Shes

30、 Helen. Whats your first name? My first names Ben. Whats your family name? My family names Smith. 12 問哪一個(gè) Which do you like? I like one in the box. 13 問字母 What letter is it? Its big D/small f. 14 問價(jià)格 How much are these pants? Theyre 15 dollars. 15 問電話號碼 Whats your phone number? Its 576-8349. 16 問謂語(

31、動作) Whats he doing? Hes watching TV. 17 問職業(yè)(身份) What do you do? Im a teacher. Whats your father? Hes a doctor. 三、時(shí)態(tài) 1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長期性的動作時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，它有： Be 動詞：Shes a worker. Is she a worker? She isnt a worker. 情態(tài)動詞：I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I cant play the piano. 行為動詞：They want t

32、o eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They dont want to eat any tomatoes. Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesnt have a watch. 2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示動詞在此時(shí)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行就使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為sb be v-ing sth + 其它。Theyre listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They are

33、nt listening to the pop music.A）名詞的數(shù) 我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下： 一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties,

34、comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories 2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四）以o結(jié)尾加s（外來詞）。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯 五）以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六）單復(fù)數(shù)相同（不變的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chi