專題十三閱讀理解.ppt

1、主旨大意題,【考題探究】 閱讀理解中非常重要的一個(gè)技巧就是在閱讀中迅速地抓住文章或段落的主旨大意，也就是中心思想。一篇文章通常是圍繞一個(gè)中心思想展開的。要領(lǐng)悟文章的主旨大意，這就需要考生具備歸納和概括等方面的能力。而這種歸納和概括能力又常常是考試中考查的重點(diǎn)。,研讀高考真題，我們會(huì)總結(jié)出，對于文章或段落的主旨概括設(shè)問的形式一般是： 1.The main idea of the passage(text) is . 2.The text (passage)is mainly about . 3.What does the passage mainly discuss (deal with)? 4

2、.Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea? 5.The main point of the passage is . 6.The best headline for this newspaper article would be .,7.Which of the following is the best title to be given to the article? 8.What is the topic of the text? 9.The main purpose of the story is to

3、 tell us . 10.The conclusion we can get from the story is . 大家只要記住，看到問題中使用mainly，main，title，headline，topic，conclusion等詞時(shí)，就能仔細(xì)領(lǐng)會(huì)文章的主旨大意了。,【方法指導(dǎo)】 文章(或段落)的構(gòu)成有其內(nèi)在的規(guī)律性，其中心思想往往是通過主題句來體現(xiàn)的。因此考生對以下四種結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)首先有所了解，然后通過一系列有意識(shí)的訓(xùn)練進(jìn)而掌握它們。 1.主題句在篇(段)首的結(jié)構(gòu) 這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常用演繹法撰寫，遵循從一般到個(gè)別(特殊)的步驟，即先概述，然后用細(xì)節(jié)加以說明。,Jane Clark，fair-hai

4、red，blue-eyed and tough as steel，has just won the most difficult race in the world.In seventeen days she drove a dog team and sledge(雪橇)across 1，050 miles of the Arctic Circle and through some of the most difficult land in the world.In bitter(刺骨的) winds and snowstorms she drove her dogs along the Ar

5、ctic track, in temperatures that reached 38.When Jane was asked how she felt about being the first woman ever to win the race，she said，“I still cant believe it.”She then went over to inspect her thirteen wild-eyed dogs.David Wilson，who came second，said，“It sure hurts when a young woman is ahead of y

6、ou.But it doesnt hurt for long.She was a good winner.”,Which of the following best gives the main idea of this newspaper article? A.Woman wins the worlds toughest race! B.Woman fights bitter winds and snowstorms! C.Woman wins a sledge race in the world! D.Woman drives a dog team across the Arctic! 解

7、析這篇文章的首句就是主題句，其后的句子或是具體說明“世界上最困難的比賽”，或是從側(cè)面說明贏得這場比賽的不容易。本篇的終結(jié)句進(jìn)一步呼應(yīng)了主題句。所以答案是A。 答案A,2.主題句在末尾的結(jié)構(gòu) 尾句是主題句的結(jié)構(gòu)通常是用歸納法撰寫的，其步驟是先表述細(xì)節(jié)或交代論據(jù)，最后做出概括性的結(jié)論，以總結(jié)性的句子收尾。這種寫作方法的特點(diǎn)是從個(gè)別到一般，由特殊性到共性。,On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin.Everyone was astonished to see him.There was just

8、one problem.Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates.He rolled on and on.Suddenly，he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall.Down fell the mirror，breaking into pieces.Nobody forgot Merlins grand entrance for a long time!,What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last

9、paragraph? A.The roller skates needed further improvement. B.The party guests took Merlin for a fool. C.Merlin succeeded beyond expectation. D.Merlin got himself into trouble. 解析這段文字從Merlin入場的細(xì)節(jié)敘述，最后一句做了歸納總結(jié)：“很長一段時(shí)間大家都沒有忘記Merlin不同凡響的入場?！笨梢奙erlin取得了意想不到的成功。答案為C。 答案C,3.主題句在中間的結(jié)構(gòu) 有些主題句既不在篇(段)首，也不在篇(段)尾

10、，而是處于篇章(或段落)的中間。這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)往往先以一句或幾句為主題句的出現(xiàn)作鋪墊，或是交代細(xì)節(jié)或論據(jù)。在主題句出場后，仍有適當(dāng)數(shù)量的句子陳述細(xì)節(jié)或繼續(xù)給予例證。 這類結(jié)構(gòu)包括三個(gè)層次：引題主題思想解釋或繼續(xù)給予例證。從它的寫作程序來看，也可分為三部曲：歸納結(jié)論演繹，即給出一兩個(gè)例證之后，做出概括性的總結(jié)，然后再給予例證來證實(shí)其論點(diǎn)。請看下例：,When you throw a ball up into the air as fast as you can，the ball reaches a point where it seems to pause for a moment，and then

11、 it comes down.When a bullet(子彈)is shot straight up，it will travel much faster and higher than a ball，but it，too，will come down.Whatever goes up must come down.We have always thought this to be true.An airplane may climb to a height of seventeen miles and then travel far and long.Yet it does not sta

12、y up forever.Finally，like everything else，the plane must come down. 本段文字中下畫線的這句話就是主題句。其行文順序和寫作程序與上述的模式完全吻合。,4.沒有主題句的結(jié)構(gòu) 沒有主題句的篇章(或段落)，并不是沒有主題思想，它們的主題思想不是由具體的某句話表示的，而是在文中含蓄地存在著，需要讀者自己歸納總結(jié)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常是敘述一件事的發(fā)展過程，或是陳述一系列同等重要的細(xì)節(jié)或事實(shí)。 Shu Pulong has helped at least 1，000 people bitten(咬)by snakes.“It was seeing

13、 people with snake bites(傷口)that led me to this career，”he said. In 1963，after his army service，Shu entered a medical school and later became a doctor of Chinese medicine.As part of his studies he had to work in the mountains.There he often heard of people who had their arms and legs cut off after a

14、 snake bite in order to save their lives.,“I was greatly upset by the story of an old farmer I met.It was a very hot afternoon.The old man was pulling grass in his fields when he felt a pain in his left hand.He at once realized he had been bitten by a poisonous snake.In no time he wrapped a cloth ti

15、ghtly around his arm to stop the poison spreading to his heart.Rushing home he shouted，“Bring me the knife.” Minutes later the man lost his arm forever. “The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes.”Shu said.,The best headline(標(biāo)題)for this newsp

16、aper article is . A.Astonishing MedicineB.Farmer Loses Arm C.Dangerous Bites D.Snake Doctor 解析文章陳述了一系列同等重要的細(xì)節(jié)，都是圍繞“一位治療毒蛇咬傷的醫(yī)生”展開的。所以標(biāo)題為D。 答案D,總之，正確理解文章或段落的主題思想是閱讀的首要目的。因此，提高識(shí)別文章結(jié)構(gòu)并準(zhǔn)確找出主題句的能力和準(zhǔn)確歸納總結(jié)出無主題句文章的主題思想的能力，是提高閱讀理解能力的重要環(huán)節(jié)。而從無主題句的文章中總結(jié)出主題思想的能力尤其是考試的重點(diǎn)，也是我們平常閱讀訓(xùn)練時(shí)難度較大的一項(xiàng)，這就需要我們在閱讀任何文章時(shí)都要下意識(shí)地歸納總

17、結(jié)其主旨大意。,要恰當(dāng)?shù)剡x好標(biāo)題，還需要了解標(biāo)題的寫作方式。一般來說，標(biāo)題的寫作方式是：以話題為核心，將控制性概念的詞按一定的語法濃縮為概括主題句句意或中心思想的短語。 比如某一文章的中心句子為： Coffee is a universal beverage that is served in different ways around the world.,話題：Coffee 控制性概念：is a universal beverage that is served in different ways around the world 標(biāo)題：Coffee Around the World 注意

18、，做此類題時(shí)，要避免下列三種錯(cuò)誤： 1.概括不夠(多表現(xiàn)為部分替代整體，從而導(dǎo)致范圍太小)； 2.過度概括(多表現(xiàn)為人為擴(kuò)大范圍)； 3.以事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)替代抽象的大意。,I suddenly heard an elephant crying as though frightened.Looking down，I immediately recognized that something was wrong，and ran down to the edge of the near bank.There I saw Ma Shwe with her three-month-old calf stru

19、ggling in the fast-rising water，and it was a life and death struggle.Her calf was floating and screaming with fear.Ma Shwe was as near to the far bank as she could get，holding her whole body against the rushing water，and keeping the calf pressed against her huge body.Every now and then the rushing w

20、ater would sweep the calf away.,Just at this moment，she fell back into the river.If she were carried down，it would be certain death.I knew，as well as she did，that there was one spot(地點(diǎn))where she could get up the bank，but it was on the other side from where she had put her calf. While I was wondering

21、 what I could do next，I heard the sound of a mothers love.Ma Shwe had crossed the river and got up the bank and was making her way back as fast as she could，roaring(吼叫)all the time，but to her calf it was music.,What can be the best title for the text？ A.A Mothers Love B.A Brave Act C.A Deadly River

22、D.A Matter of Life and Death 解析標(biāo)題應(yīng)該具有概括性。文章先向讀者展示了一幅驚心動(dòng)魄的畫面，然后用險(xiǎn)象環(huán)生的故事情節(jié)緊緊扣住讀者的心弦，最后十分自然而又含蓄地點(diǎn)明了文章的主旨，即偉大的母愛可以克服任何困難。由此可見無論是湍急的河流，還是奇跡的發(fā)生，最終都是為刻畫大象的母愛作鋪墊的，所以A項(xiàng)為標(biāo)題。 答案A,細(xì)節(jié)理解題,【試題探究】 只有準(zhǔn)確理解全部細(xì)節(jié)，才能深刻而又全面地領(lǐng)悟主題思想。因?yàn)槎温渲械募?xì)節(jié)都是用來闡明主旨大意的，輔助論據(jù)支撐或闡述主題思想。因此，屬于細(xì)節(jié)類的理解題既可檢測閱讀者對主旨大意理解的深度，又可測定他們對每個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)準(zhǔn)確領(lǐng)會(huì)的廣度。,在閱讀考試中，查

23、找主要事實(shí)或特定細(xì)節(jié)題型常見的設(shè)問的形式一般是： 1.Which of the following statements is (not) true (or correct)? 2.Which of the following is not mentioned in the text? 3.All of the following are true except . 4.The author (or the passage) states that . 5.According to the passage，when.?,總之，細(xì)節(jié)理解題的六大類型是： 1.直接信息題 在原文中可直接找到答案。常

24、用who，what，when，where，why和how等提問。 2.語意轉(zhuǎn)換題 有時(shí)需要將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行語意上的轉(zhuǎn)換，兩者形式不同，但意義不變。 3.邏輯排序題 考生可以先找出最早和最后的一個(gè)事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間，并分別把它們作為事件發(fā)生的起點(diǎn)和終點(diǎn)，然后使用排除法將范圍一一縮小。,4.數(shù)字計(jì)算題 解答此類試題的方法是先理解題意和文意，然后經(jīng)過對比、分析、計(jì)算等得出正確答案。 5.圖形理解題 在解答此類試題的時(shí)候，一定要把握圖形中所暗含的信息，特別是有些事實(shí)是通過圖片來描述的，考生可以按圖索驥直至找出正確答案。,6.是非判斷題 這類試題要求考生確定與原文信息一致或不一致的一項(xiàng)?？忌鷳?yīng)首

25、先明確題干要求；其次，在原文中進(jìn)行細(xì)節(jié)定位；最后，仔細(xì)推敲，鎖定答案。 當(dāng)然，針對某一具體的文章，還可以有各種各樣形形色色的設(shè)問方式。對于細(xì)節(jié)題，也可以說對于任何閱讀理解題，考生必須根據(jù)文章提供的信息進(jìn)行答題，而不能根據(jù)自己的主觀判斷或者一般常識(shí)來答題。,【方法指導(dǎo)】 細(xì)節(jié)理解題針對不同的文章，不同的細(xì)枝末節(jié)，可以有不同的設(shè)問，這就讓人覺得它是那么不可捉摸，猶如霧里看花，水中望月。其實(shí)，這種題型是閱讀考試中最簡單的了。我們只要記住一點(diǎn)：萬變不離其宗。這種題型無論有什么千變?nèi)f化，你只要能看懂文章和題干，答案都能在原文中找到明顯的線索。下面，我們就來看看，對付這等“千變魔頭”有何絕招？,我們讀文章

26、，無外乎是對兩個(gè)方面的理解。一個(gè)是淺層理解，或表層理解。另一個(gè)是深層理解，或內(nèi)涵理解。所謂表層理解，指要讀懂文章的基本內(nèi)容，包括主要事實(shí)和各個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。主要事實(shí)指文章中對于主題主旨具有典型意義的重要事實(shí)，這是文章的基本框架。細(xì)節(jié)是構(gòu)成主要事實(shí)的局部因素或充實(shí)事實(shí)的例子、數(shù)據(jù)等細(xì)枝末節(jié)。一篇文章一般都包括這些要素。所以閱讀理解考試中要求尋找的主要事實(shí)和特定細(xì)節(jié)都可以在文章中找到。但是，要注意的是出題者不會(huì)很明白很直接地提問，而是很注意提問的技術(shù)性或藝術(shù)性。也就是說，他提問都是要設(shè)障礙的，要罩上一層迷霧的，使得你弄不清問題指的是哪一件事，哪一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，造成你尋找的困難，這就要求你仔細(xì)琢磨了。歸納起來，提

27、問技巧一般有隱含提問法、真?zhèn)巫C實(shí)法、迂回提問法三種。,1.隱含提問法 出題者使用同義詞語、參照詞、代詞等，使考生對閱讀內(nèi)容和問題產(chǎn)生模糊感。例如： The basketball team never lacked vociferous(大叫大喊的)young supporters，but they rarely responded to this show of enthusiasm. Who seldom reacted to that enthusiastic show? A.The young people. B.The players. C.Some people. D.A lot o

28、f people. 因?yàn)閠he basketball team和players；seldom reacted和rarely responded是兩對同義關(guān)系的詞語，而“they”又與basketball team有參照關(guān)系，所以答案應(yīng)該是B。,2.真?zhèn)巫C實(shí)法 出題者要求考生確定文章中的事實(shí)，不讓其問題直接與文章中的事實(shí)對號(hào)入座，而是提出似是而非，或完全錯(cuò)誤的事實(shí)讓考生去判斷。對于這類題目，考生不要根據(jù)自己讀文章的最初印象馬上加以判斷，而必須找到與問題相應(yīng)的文章部分，找出正確肯定的事實(shí)，才可以據(jù)此判定否定的或錯(cuò)誤的答案選項(xiàng)。例如：,One word that sums up(概括)our age

29、 better than any otherwhether “our age”is“the technological age”of western countries or the “modernizing age”of Chinais the word CHANGE.But has change not always been present？True，but never before at such a breakneck speed.Today it is more than just change.It is unprecedented change.In such a world，

30、reading provides the best tool we have for keeping up and for avoiding future shock in a world continually being remade.,Which of the following is NOT true? A.Western countries and China are being remade. B.Reading will help understand our age. C.The present age and future world are continually chan

31、ging. D.Reading is the best tool provided by our age. 選擇題中，A、B、C三項(xiàng)均與文意吻合一致。D項(xiàng)是一個(gè)似是而非的選擇答案。文中的Reading provides the best tool for us(閱讀對我們來說，是最好的工具)和選項(xiàng)中D.Reading is the best tool provided by our age.(閱讀是我們時(shí)代提供的最好工具)，意思不符，所以答案是D。,3.迂回提問法 這又是一種設(shè)障提問技巧。問題不直接提出，而是繞著彎子提出。比如，涉及時(shí)間、距離及數(shù)據(jù)等時(shí)，你必須經(jīng)過復(fù)雜的計(jì)算才能確定答案，有時(shí)，

32、選擇答案給你的數(shù)據(jù)與文章中的數(shù)據(jù)不符，只是一個(gè)近似數(shù)值，(其它選擇答案完全不沾邊，完全錯(cuò)誤)，或者，提問者只給你一部分事實(shí)，讓讀者推出相應(yīng)的事實(shí)使某事實(shí)更完整正確(這又叫做省略提問法)。,巧用“導(dǎo)讀法”快速定位細(xì)節(jié) 做細(xì)節(jié)題時(shí)，一般采用導(dǎo)讀法，即先讀題，然后帶著題干信息快速瀏覽全文，找出與問題有關(guān)的詞語或句子，再對相關(guān)部分進(jìn)行比較、分析、對比，最后得出答案。 做題時(shí)注意同一語意的不同表達(dá)方式，有時(shí)為了增加試題的難度，問題的表達(dá)一般不用文章中的原話，而是使用同義詞、近義詞、句型的變換來表達(dá)，因此，一定要先看題干，理清問題所在。,Too much TV-watching can harm chil

33、drens ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree，new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children. One of the studies looked at nearly 400 northern California third-graders.Those with TVs in their bedrooms scored about eight po

34、ints lower on math and language arts tests than children without bedroom TVs.,A second study，looking at nearly 1，000 grown-ups in New Zealand，found lower education levels among 26-year-olds who had watched lots of TV during childhood.But the results dont prove that TV is the cause and dont rule out

35、that already poorly motivated youngsters(年輕人)may watch lots of TV. Their study measured the TV habits of 26-year-olds between ages 5 and 15.Those with college degrees had watched an average of less than two hours of TV per weeknight during childhood，compared with an average of more than 2 hours for

36、those who had no education beyond high school.,In the California study，children with TVs in their rooms but no computer at home scored the lowest，while those with no bedroom TV but who had home computers scored the highest. While this study does not prove that bedroom TV sets caused the lower scores

37、，it adds to accumulating findings that children shouldnt have TVs in their bedrooms.,1.According to the California study，the low-scoring group might . A.have watched a lot of TV B.not be interested in math C.be unable to go to college D.have had computers in their bedrooms 解析根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“the California

38、 study”可找到原文中的第二段。第二段說到，看電視多的學(xué)生在數(shù)學(xué)和文科方面的分?jǐn)?shù)比那些不看電視的學(xué)生少8分，也就是說，成績不好的學(xué)生看電視多。 答案A,2.What is the researchers understanding of the New Zealand study results? A.Poorly motivated 26-year-olds watch more TV. B.Habits of TV watching reduce learning interest. C.TV watching leads to lower education levels of th

39、e 15yearolds. D.The connection between TV and education levels is difficult to explain.,解析本題的關(guān)鍵詞是“the New Zealand study”，根據(jù)行文順序，可在第三段中找到這些詞語。根據(jù)其后的信息“這次研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，看電視多是導(dǎo)致成績不好的原因，但是成績不好的學(xué)生不一定看電視多，也許是學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)不高造成的”可知，這次研究的結(jié)果是：電視與學(xué)習(xí)之間的聯(lián)系很難解釋清楚。 答案D,詞義猜測題,【考題探究】 高考對考生推測詞義的能力是非常重視的。這就要求我們在閱讀時(shí)要通過上下文交代的內(nèi)容做出合乎邏輯的推理。在必

40、要時(shí)，做些語法分析，通過詞與詞的關(guān)系，確定其詞性；有時(shí)根據(jù)常識(shí)和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)或構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)，完全可以對那些從未見過的生詞的詞義做出正確的推測。 一般說來，這種題型的題干部分總含有mean，refer to的字樣。做這種題時(shí)，特別要注意的是，對于那些我們熟悉的詞千萬不要妄自、草率下結(jié)論，一定要結(jié)合上下文判斷它在文中的意思。例如：,The underlined word“family”in the second paragraph means . A.homeB.children C.wife and husband D.wife and children “family”是我們很熟悉的詞了，意為“家庭

41、”，但以這個(gè)意思理解family的話，我們就無法選擇答案了。但是，如果我們結(jié)合上下文“The baker，with his wife and family，was able to get out through a window in the roof.”就很容易看出family其實(shí)指的是“children子女”，所以答案應(yīng)該是B。,因此，考生不僅要知道常用詞的意思，更要知道其靈活變化的意思。在閱讀理解測試中，常見的考查這種技能的題型的設(shè)問方式有： 1.The phrase “.”in the sentence could be replaced by . 2.The word “.” in

42、the paragraph refers to . 3.What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph？/What does the underlined word mean? 4.Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase“.”？ 5.The word “.”most nearly means . 詞義猜測題是近幾年來高考閱讀理解題中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的題型，在數(shù)量上通常至少有1道題。,【方法指導(dǎo)】 近年來高考英語閱讀理解中詞義猜測題主要考查生詞詞義

43、判斷、代詞指代判斷、熟詞新義判斷和普通詞匯特殊意義判斷。 1.分析人稱演變過程推斷代詞的正確指代 代詞指代判斷題考查考生依據(jù)語境邏輯推斷人稱代詞和指示代詞意義的能力。人稱代詞指代判斷題要求考生對it，they，them，he，she等人稱代詞的正確指代進(jìn)行判斷。指示代詞指代判斷題主要考查考生對this，these，that，those等指示代詞指代意義的判斷能力。認(rèn)真分析歷年高考試題不難發(fā)現(xiàn)代詞指代判斷題常出現(xiàn)在人物變換多、動(dòng)作轉(zhuǎn)換頻的語境中。解題時(shí)應(yīng)認(rèn)真閱讀仔細(xì)推敲特定代詞所在句和前后鄰近句，分析人稱轉(zhuǎn)換和動(dòng)作變換的詳細(xì)過程，弄清其來龍去脈和前因后果，從而準(zhǔn)確推斷其所替代的對象。,【典例】

44、(2012天津卷閱讀理解D篇第一段) You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or creator.When you choose to be a victim，the world is a cold and difficult place.“They” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering.“They”are wrong and bad，and life is terrible as long as “they”ar

45、e around.Or you may blame yourself for all your problems，thus internalizing(內(nèi)化)your victimization.The truth is，your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.,What does the word“they”in Paragraph 1 probably refer to? A.People and things around you. B.Oppo

46、rtunities and problems. C.Creators and their choices. D.Victims and their sufferings. 解析由本段的第二、三、四句可知they指victim周圍的人和事。 答案A,代詞指代類猜測題難度不大，答案一般離畫線詞不遠(yuǎn)，所以考生只需讀懂畫線詞附近的內(nèi)容并理清各句的來龍去脈即可找到答案。 2.根據(jù)語境邏輯推斷生詞詞義 生詞詞義判斷題主要考查考生利用語境邏輯推斷特定生詞意義的能力。解題時(shí)應(yīng)充分利用上下文，找出特定生詞在鄰近句的背景信息，然后借助轉(zhuǎn)折、條件、因果、遞進(jìn)、對比、并列、讓步等邏輯關(guān)系或定義和解釋正確推斷其含義。,

47、【典例】 (2012湖北卷閱讀理解B篇第五段) On Transportation Days，we might stop for lunch on Chestnut Street or buy a new book or toy，but the transportation was the point.First，it was exciting enough to watch the world speed by from the train window.As I got older，my mom helped me unlock the mysteries that would other

48、wise have paralyzed my first attempts to do it myself：How do I know where to get off？How do I know how much it costs？How do I know when I need tickets，and where to get them？What track，what line，which direction，wheres the stop，and will I get wet when we go under the river?,The underlined word“paralyz

49、ed”(in Para.5)is closest in meaning to “ ”. A.displayedB.justified C.ignored D.ruined 解析上下文中的兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵信息為：unlock the mysteries和otherwise。句意：當(dāng)我長大時(shí)，我母親幫我解開了這些秘密，否則他們可能使我無法作自我首次嘗試。D項(xiàng)意為“毀滅”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“陳列”，B項(xiàng)意為“證明是正當(dāng)?shù)摹?；C項(xiàng)意為“不理睬”。 答案D,高考英語文章中允許出現(xiàn)一部分生僻詞，但是它們不影響考生對文章整體意思的理解。生僻詞的猜測是高考常涉及的一個(gè)考點(diǎn)，考生可以通過上下文來猜測生詞的詞義。這些詞

50、往往不是孤立存在的，在上下文中都有相關(guān)的敘述。,3.根據(jù)原始含義和所在句語境推斷熟詞新義 眾所周知，英語單詞詞義豐富，搭配靈活，一些熟詞在特定語境中常產(chǎn)生新含義。 (1)有些新含義與原含義沒有聯(lián)系，需要借助上下文進(jìn)行推斷。 (2)有些新含義既來自原含義又體現(xiàn)新特點(diǎn)，只有將原含義和新語境有機(jī)結(jié)合，在整體思維、綜合考慮的基礎(chǔ)上才能準(zhǔn)確推斷。,【典例】 (2012湖北卷閱讀理解E篇第二段) The way most of us spend our mornings is exactly opposite to the conditions that promote flexible，open-min

51、ded thinking.Imaginative ideas are most likely to come to us when were unfocused.If you are one of those energetic morning people，your most inventive time comes in the early evening when you are relaxed.Sleepy peoples lack of focus leads to an increase in creative problem solving.By not giving yours

52、elf time to tune into your wandering mind，youre missing out on the surprising solutions it may offer.,By “tune into your wandering mind”(in Para.2)，the author means“ ”. A.wander into the wild B.listen to a beautiful tune C.switch to the traffic channel D.stop concentrating on anything 解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)語境可知

53、，若一味集中注意力而無暇放松，將錯(cuò)失有創(chuàng)造性的解決問題的方法。D項(xiàng)意為“不將注意力集中在某事物上”，符合語境。 答案D,句意猜測題通常需要考生猜測一個(gè)具有概括性的句子或格言、諺語等。這要求考生通過閱讀文章，用合適的語句對其進(jìn)行直接的或解釋性的描述，難度略大。 做這類題時(shí)，考生可在對上下文語境有一定了解的基礎(chǔ)上，運(yùn)用排除法做題，先排除那些與文章基調(diào)不同的選項(xiàng)，而正確選項(xiàng)往往是對上下文的總結(jié)和概括，與文章基調(diào)一致。,4.依據(jù)語境邏輯推斷普通詞匯的特殊含義 一些非常常見、十分普通的詞匯在特殊場合會(huì)產(chǎn)生特殊的含義，解題時(shí)應(yīng)認(rèn)真閱讀，仔細(xì)分析特定詞匯所在句和鄰近句，弄清作者的表達(dá)目的和寫作意圖，揭示其在

54、特定詞匯使用上的言外之意，從而正確推斷該詞的真正含義。,【典例】 (2012安徽卷閱讀理解C篇第一段) When Frida Kahlos paintings were on show in London，a poet described her paintings as “a ribbon(絲帶)around a bomb”.Such comments seem to suggest Kahlo had a big influence on the art world of her time.Sadly，she is actually a much bigger name today tha

55、n she was during her time.,What does the phrase “a much bigger name”in Paragraph 1 most nearly mean? A.A far better artist. B.A far more gifted artist. C.A much stronger person. D.A much more famous person. 解析墨西哥女畫家弗里達(dá)卡羅，身殘志不殘，創(chuàng)作了無數(shù)優(yōu)秀作品。雖然在有生之年其作品未能受到應(yīng)有的關(guān)注，但她最終于上世紀(jì)70年代底得到了國際聲譽(yù)。name意為“名字”，但在本文提供的語境中其

56、意義變?yōu)椤懊暋薄?答案D,5.略過生詞 對于閱讀理解中的生詞，如果是人名、地名、國家名、組織機(jī)構(gòu)名等次要信息，我們大可不必過分重視。事實(shí)上，不知道這些單詞的意思不一定會(huì)影響我們對整句或全文的理解，很多時(shí)候更不會(huì)影響我們后面的解題。如：On his right the gentleman wore a gauntlet of heavy leather.如果后面沒有特別要求考查本句，那么我們暫時(shí)并不需要確切地知道gauntlet一詞的含義，通過本句的語境知道它是戴在手上的用皮革制成的某種東西即可(防護(hù)手套)。,6.學(xué)會(huì)只猜測生詞的大概意思，而不求其準(zhǔn)確含義 The Asian gibbon，l

57、ike other apes，especially adapts to life in trees. 解析在這句話中，考生只要猜出gibbon是apes(類人猿)的一種就行了，沒必要知道其準(zhǔn)確意思。 做這種類型的題，最重要的是根據(jù)詞、短語、句子所在的上下文語境來判斷其意義。因此熟練掌握一些猜詞技巧是做好這類題的關(guān)鍵。命題者在出這類題時(shí)慣用常規(guī)詞義來麻痹考生，我們要特別注意熟詞生義，切不可脫離語境主觀臆斷。 相信過了詞匯這一關(guān)，閱讀理解一定會(huì)取得高分的。趕快試試吧。,A I grew up in a house where the TV was seldom turned on and with

58、 one wall in my bedroom entirely lined with bookshelves，most of my childhood was spent on books I could get hold of.In fact，I grew up thinking of reading as natural as breathing and books unbelievably powerful in shaping perspectives(觀點(diǎn))by creating worlds we could step into，take part in and live in.

59、,With this unshakable belief，I，at fourteen，decided to become a writer.Here too，reading became useful.Every writer starts off knowing that he has something to say，but being unable to find the right ways to say it.He has to find his own voice by reading widely and discovering which parts of the writers he agrees or disagrees with，or agrees with so strongly that it reshapes his own world.He cannot write without loving to read，because only through reading other peoples writing can one discover what works，what doesnt and，in the end，together with lots of practice，w