英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單句五種基本句型詳解

1、基本句型 英語(yǔ)句子成分的排列順序與漢語(yǔ)不同。漢語(yǔ)放在前面的，英語(yǔ)可能要放在后面；而漢語(yǔ)放后面的，英語(yǔ)可能放在前面。即使是同樣一句話，如果用詞不同，句中的次序也會(huì)有變化。比如，“我每天騎自行車上學(xué)”，可以表達(dá)為 I go to school by bike every day. 也可以表達(dá)為 I ride to school every day. 如果用圖表分析一下，我們會(huì)看得更清楚：我 每天 騎自行車 上學(xué)。I go to school by bike every day.I ride to school every day.這三個(gè)語(yǔ)句除了行為者I的位置沒(méi)有變化外，其它都發(fā)生了變化，并且由于“

2、上學(xué)”表達(dá)方式的不同，在句中的位置也發(fā)生了變化。句子成分詳解一覽表及巧記口訣句子成分意義及位置充當(dāng)詞類例句主語(yǔ)The Subject表示句子說(shuō)的是“什么人”或“什么事”。通常在句子前部。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、短語(yǔ)或句子。We study in No. 17 middle school.Jim is an American boy.Two heads are better than one.謂語(yǔ)The Predicate說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么樣”。通常在主語(yǔ)后（除疑問(wèn)、倒裝句外）。由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組充當(dāng)。Time tries all thing.(時(shí)間檢驗(yàn)一切）Lucy

3、is dancing under the tree.Her parents are both workers.賓語(yǔ)The Object表示動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象。在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后。同主語(yǔ)的充當(dāng)詞類Love me, love my dog. (愛(ài)屋及烏）These girls like English.Did you see him yesterday?表語(yǔ)The Predicate與系動(dòng)詞連用，一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)部分、說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征。常在系動(dòng)詞之后。同主語(yǔ)的充當(dāng)詞類His father is a bus driver.My car is white.We were at school yester

4、day.Health is wealth. (健康就是財(cái)富。）定語(yǔ)The Attribute用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞。單個(gè)詞常在修飾的詞前，短語(yǔ)或句子在被修飾的詞之后。形、代、數(shù)、名、介詞短語(yǔ)或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)。The red one is mine.What is his name?A friend in need is a friend indeed. (患難見(jiàn)真情。）狀語(yǔ)The Attribute修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式等。位置較靈活。通常由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。Our teacher works very hard.She of

5、ten helps Mike.They had a meeting in Shanghai.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)The Object Complement賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，邏輯上與賓語(yǔ)是“主謂”關(guān)系。在賓語(yǔ)后。由形容詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)。We named the baby Lily.She made the room clean.同位語(yǔ)The Appostive重復(fù)指代并進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明名詞及名詞性詞語(yǔ)。在被修飾詞后。名詞、名詞性短語(yǔ)、從句等。They all work hard.John, a friend of hers, has gone.句子成分 學(xué)記口訣主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)是基礎(chǔ)，賓表定狀補(bǔ)輔助。賓主來(lái)自名代數(shù)

6、，動(dòng)詞作謂不可無(wú)。一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. His job is to train swimmers.5. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.6. His wish is to become a scientist.7. He wants to finish the work in time.8.

7、 Tom came to ask me for advice（建議）.9. He found it important to master English.10. Do you have anything else to say?11. Would you please tell me your address?12. He sat there, reading a newspaper.13. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.14. He noticed（注意到） a man enter the room.15. The

8、apples tasted sweet.簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型句型種類主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)部分謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)1. S + Vi. 主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞Birdsfly.2. S + Vi. + O 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)Heplaysthe piano.3. S + V. + P主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)Weare(系動(dòng)詞）friends.4. S + Vt. + InO + Do主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)Igave him a pen（間賓）（直賓）5. S + Vi. + O + Oc主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Tommademe cry.基本句型一：S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)這種句型中的動(dòng)詞大多是不及物動(dòng)詞：

9、appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, fall, happen, rise,eg: 這只小狗已經(jīng)死了。_1. 主語(yǔ) + 不及物動(dòng)詞（ + 狀語(yǔ)）狀語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ)不及物動(dòng)詞狀語(yǔ)（In 2003,)The first bookcame outin 2003We didnt goto the cinema yesterday.Last week,I wentto Guilin for my holiday. 2. 主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) （+ 狀語(yǔ)）狀語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)（Yesterday)Iboughta very good book

10、yesterday.My fatherlovespictures of cars.Every morningmy motherpreparesbreakfastfor meHe wrotea bookin senior high school.基本句型二:S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu)常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有：be(是)； get(變得), become(成為), turn(變得), look(看起來(lái)), feel(感到), smell(聞起來(lái)), taste(嘗起來(lái)), sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái)), seem(似乎)A. 表示狀態(tài)的連系動(dòng)詞。這些詞有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, ta

11、ste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。1. We should _ _ any time. B. 我們?cè)谌魏螘r(shí)候都應(yīng)該保持安靜。2. 這種食物嘗起來(lái)很糟糕。_.B. 表示轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果的系動(dòng)詞。這些詞有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如：3. Spring comes. It is _. 春天到了，天氣變得越來(lái)越暖和。4. Dont have the food. _.不要吃那種食物，它已經(jīng)變質(zhì)了。3. 主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(yǔ) （+ 狀語(yǔ)）主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)These booksaregreat.Tom isvery

12、happytoday.基本句型三: S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)我昨天看了一部電影。_.They have _ _ _ of the children這些孩子他們照看得很好。基本句型四: S十V十間接賓語(yǔ)“人”十直接賓語(yǔ)“物”結(jié)構(gòu) 間接賓語(yǔ)前需要加to 的常用動(dòng)詞有： bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, read, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。 間接賓語(yǔ)前需要加for 的常用動(dòng)詞有： buy, choose, make, order, paint, play(演奏)， sing,等。 Yeste

13、rday her father _ _ _ _ as a birthday present. 昨天她父親給她買了一輛自行車作為生日禮物。這種句型還可轉(zhuǎn)換為： 動(dòng)詞 直接賓語(yǔ) for/ to sb. Please show me your picture. =Please _ _ _ _ _. 請(qǐng)把你的畫給我看一下。 I _ _the salt. = I _the salt _ _. 我把書遞給他。4. 主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 間接賓語(yǔ) + 直接賓語(yǔ) （+ 狀語(yǔ)） 狀語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)His hobbyhas broughthimenjoyment.My fatherbought

14、mea very good bikeOn my birthday.Last week,my auntsentmea box of chocolate.基本句型五: S十V十O十C 主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) 此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)。call（叫）, choose（選）, find（發(fā)現(xiàn)）, make, name, (命名)Keep _, please. 請(qǐng)讓孩子們安靜下來(lái)。They painted_ _ _. 他們把門漆成綠色。 We must _ _ _ _.我們必須保持我們的學(xué)校潔。 He asked me _

15、_ _ soon. 他要我早點(diǎn)回來(lái)。注意：動(dòng)詞have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不帶to。如：25）The boss _ _ _ all day. (迫使他勞動(dòng)) We saw _ _ _. (他出去)。5. 主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) （+ 狀語(yǔ)）主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)We can help youdevelop new skills.I dont wantyouto worktoo hard.The newsmadeeveryonehappy.判斷類型和句子成分：She c

16、ame She likes English. She is happyThe teacher asked me to read the passage. She bought a book for me. She gave John a book My head aches.She makes her mother angry The sun was shining. The moonrose. Theytalked for half an hour. 他們談了半個(gè)小時(shí)。The dinner smells good. 午餐的氣味很好。 Everything looks different. 一

17、切看來(lái)都不同了。He is growing tall and strong. 他長(zhǎng)得又高又壯。 His face turned red. 他的臉紅了。Whoknowsthe answer? 誰(shuí)知道答案？ Heenjoys reading. 他喜歡看書。Iwantto have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。 Sheorderedherselfa new dress. 她給自己定了一套新衣裳。Shecookedher husbanda delicious meal. 她給丈夫煮了一餐美饌。Ishowedhimmy pictures. Igavemy cara wash. 我洗了我的汽車

18、。Heshowedmehow to run the machine. 他教我開機(jī)器。What makes him think so? 他怎么會(huì)這樣想？The children are playing happily. The Greens enjoy living in China.He became a famous doctor.他成為了一名著名的醫(yī)生。The apple pie tastes really delicious.蘋果派吃起來(lái)真是好吃。簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句（一）句子種類兩種分類法1、按句子的用途可分四種：1）陳述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; S

19、he didnt hear of you before.2）疑問(wèn)句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, cant she? 3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Dont talk in class4）感嘆句：How clever the boy is!2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種：1）簡(jiǎn)單句：只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）。e.g. He often reads English in the morning.Tom

20、 and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2) 并列句：由并列連詞（and, but, or等）或分號(hào)（；）把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上 的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成。e.g. You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）復(fù)合句：含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句包含：名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句）、定語(yǔ)從句

21、和狀語(yǔ)從句等。e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.（二）并列句的分類1、表示連接兩個(gè)同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等連接。e.g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John.2、表示選擇，常用的連詞有or, eitheror, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train.3、表示

22、轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting4、表示因果關(guān)系，常用的連詞有so, for, therefore等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark課堂練習(xí)判斷下列句

23、子是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.5. He is in Class One and I

24、 am in Class Two.6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.課后習(xí)題鞏固一 按要求完成下列句子：1. He da

25、res to tell the truth.（改為否定句）2. They have lived here for more than ten years.（對(duì)畫線部分提問(wèn)）3. There will be a sports meet at the end of this month, _?（完成反意疑問(wèn)）4. You must be careful with your pronunciation.（改為祈使句）5. They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句)6. It is an interesting story

26、.（改為感嘆句）7. This magazine comes out（出版）every other week.（對(duì)畫線部分提問(wèn)）8. They could hardly believe his words, _?（完成反意疑問(wèn)）9. The moon is shining brightly.（改為感嘆句）10.Our English teacher is always encouraging us to speak English in class. （對(duì)畫線部分提問(wèn)）二 單項(xiàng)選擇（ ）1. I was drawing a horse _the teacher came in. A. whil

27、e B. as C. when D. the moment（ ）2. -Shall we go on working?-Yes, _ I prefer to have a rest. A. when B. if C. because D. though（ ）3. None of us knew what had happened _ they told us about it. A. when B. until C. after D. though（ ）4. -I hope youll enjoy your trip, dear!-Thank you, mum. Ill give you a

28、call _ I get there. A. until B. as soon as C. since D. till（ ）5. The camera is expensive I cant afford it. A. so, that B. such, that C. so, as to D. enough, that（ ）6. I never seem to lose any weight, hard I try. A. even though B. no matter how C. as if D. ever since（ ）7. Shall we go on working?Yes , I prefer to have a rest . Awhen BifCbecause Dthough（ ）8. Edison never gave up, he failed many times