主謂一致講解與練習(xí)(答案)

1、.主謂一致【主謂一致命題趨勢與預(yù)測】根據(jù)對主謂一致部分全國各地試題的分析可知，今后該部分將是重點考查點之一。其考查重點為：1. 語法一致的原則2. 意義一致的原則3. 鄰近一致的原則謂語受主語支配，須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這叫做主謂一致。主謂一致一般遵循三條原則：語法一致原則，意義一致原則和就近一致原則。在英語中，謂語動詞必須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上同主語保持一致，叫做主謂一致。通常采用下列三個原則來處理，即：語法形式一致的原則、邏輯意義一致的原則、就近（或毗鄰）一致的原則。一、語法形式一致的原則即在語法形式上取得一致。如：主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也采用復(fù)數(shù)形式

2、。但須注意下列幾種情況：1. 以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例句：What you need most is to have a good sleep.你所需要的就是好好睡一覺。How you can get there is a problem. 你怎么到那兒去還是個問題。注意：由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，后面的謂語動詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式。但若表語是“復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)”時，主句的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù) 。例如：What I bought were three English books.我買的是三本英語書。What we ba

3、dly need here are experienced teachers. 我們這里急需的是有經(jīng)驗的教師。 【考例】As the saying _,Where there is a will; there is a way. 昆明市A. go B. goes C. going D. went答案B解析 the saying為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，所以謂語動詞用goes。 2、由and 或both.and來連接并列主語時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。例句：Swimming and walking are good exercises.游泳和散步都是好運動。Both John and Ann have got p

4、en-friends.約翰和安都有筆友。1）并列主語如果表示同一個人、同一事物或同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式（這時and后的名詞前沒有冠詞）。例如：The manager and secretary was absent at the meeting.經(jīng)理兼書記沒有出席會議。Their teacher and friend is Mr. Li.他們的老師和朋友是李先生。2)由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別被no， each， every或many a ，more than one修飾時，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 例如：Each man and each woman is asked to

5、help. 每個男士和婦女都被請來幫忙。Many a student is having practice in that factory. 許多學(xué)生正在那家工廠實習(xí)。More than one student is interested in the book.不止一個學(xué)生對這本書感興趣。注意 在“more than one單數(shù)名詞”作主語時，若在There be句型中，亦可用復(fù)數(shù)。 例如：There is/are more than one man here. 這兒不止一個人。【考例】 Trees and flowers _every year to make our country mo

6、re beautiful. 陜西省A. is planted B. was planted C. are planted D. were planted解析 every year說明本句表示一般現(xiàn)在時的概念，去掉B、D項；trees and flowers表達復(fù)數(shù)意義,答案：C 3、如果主語是單數(shù)，盡管后面跟有(together) with，as well as， like， but，except， besides，including，no less than，rather than，as much as，more than，along with，in addition to等介詞短語，其謂語

7、動詞仍用單數(shù)形式；若主語為復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語動詞也用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：An English teacher together with some students has climbed to the top of the mountain.Mary as well as her friends likes this painting.瑪麗和她的朋友都喜歡這幅畫。No one except my close friends knows anything about this matter.除了我的親密朋友誰也不知道這件事。She, like you and Tom, is very tall.像你和湯姆那

8、樣她很高。4、不定代詞each, either, neither 和由 some, any, no, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 例如：Each (of us) takes a cup of coffee.(我們)每人喝一杯咖啡。Everyone knows smoking cigarettes is bad for health.大家都知道吸煙不利于身體健康。5.不定代詞none 以及由none of復(fù)數(shù)合詞(或代詞)構(gòu)成的短語作主語時，謂語用單復(fù)數(shù)均可。例如： Neither of them have replied. 他們兩個誰也沒有答復(fù)。Neither of

9、them has replied. 他們兩個誰也沒有答復(fù)。6、在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞that，who，which等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)，應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。例如：The horse which is tied to the tree belongs to John.拴在樹上的那匹馬是約翰的。Those who want to go on a journey please sign your name here.要去旅游的請把名字簽在這兒。 注意在以“one of the復(fù)數(shù)名詞”為先行詞的定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；但如果“one of the復(fù)數(shù)名詞”這個結(jié)構(gòu)前有t

10、he only之類的修飾語時，其從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 例如：This is one of the questions that have been asked by the students.這是學(xué)生提出的許多問題的一個。He is the only one of the officers who was invited to the ball here. 他是辦公室唯一收到邀請的人。 7、“a lot of （lots of）， plenty of， a head of， heaps of， the rest（majority） of ，some（many，anymore，most， al

11、l等）of+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與of后面的名詞（短語）保持一致。例如：Most of the students in our class are league. 我們班上大多數(shù)學(xué)生是團員。Most of the food tastes delicious. 大多數(shù)食物味道很好。Lots of damage was caused by smoking.許多損害是由吸煙引起的。注意：1）all單獨作主語表示“人”時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；表示“整個事件或事情”時，謂語用單數(shù)。 例句：All are present. 所有的人都出席了。(表人) All is well. 一切都好。 (

12、表示整個事情或情況)注意：2）“a number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 ”作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；“The number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：A number of students in our class are out by the lake.我們班有些學(xué)生到湖邊去了。The number of students in our school is 2500.我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生人數(shù)是2500名?！究祭縇ook! There _ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. (2008包頭) A. are a number

13、 of deer B. are a number of deers C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers 答案：A。該題考查的是主謂一致。這個句子的主語是a number of deer, 是個復(fù)數(shù)概念，因此謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。（deer單復(fù)數(shù)相同）8、由“分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+of +名詞（或代詞）”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時，其謂語要與of后面的名詞（短語）保持一致。例如：Two thirds of the country is dry or desert.這個國家的三分之二的地方氣候干燥或者是沙漠地區(qū)。More than 70 percent o

14、f the surface of our earth is covered by water.地球70%的表面被水所覆蓋。30 percent of the students in our class are girls.我們班的30%是女生。9、如果主語是由“a kind of, 或this/that kind of, a series ( a species) of ，a pair of等 + 名詞”構(gòu)成謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。例如：This kind of men is dangerous.這種人是危險的。That kind of snake/snakes is dangerous. 那

15、種蛇很危險。注意但there/those kinds of復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。 例句：There kinds of tests are good . 這種測試很好。Those kinds of apple trees have not yet grown up. 那種蘋果樹還沒有長。二、邏輯意義一致原則即謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語所表達的內(nèi)在涵義。常見的有以下幾種情況：1、表示總稱意義形單意復(fù)的名詞，如people, police, cattle 等作主語時，只當(dāng)作復(fù)數(shù)看待，謂語在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)。例句：Cattle are one cause of the problem.

16、造成戈壁灘的原因之一是牲畜問題。The police are searching for a murderer in that mountain.警察正在山中搜尋一名殺人犯。2、以集體名詞army, class, enemy, family, government, group, team，crew，crowd，public等集體名詞作主語時，謂語應(yīng)視其情況而用不同形式：當(dāng)作主語被看作一個整體時，謂語用單數(shù)，如果被看成是其中的個體成員時，謂語就用復(fù)數(shù)。例句： Our family is not poor any more. 我們家已經(jīng)不再貧困了。My family all speak the

17、Intuit language.我一家人都講因努伊特語。注意population 單獨使用作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；而前面有some, most 或與分數(shù)、百分數(shù)連用作主語時，則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Most of the population of the city are workers.這個城市人口的大多數(shù)是工人。One third of the population now smoke.三分之一的人口在吸煙。The population in our country is very large, and eighty percent of the population are fa

18、rmers.3、當(dāng)一些有兩部分構(gòu)成的表示衣物或工具的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如glasses, trousers（褲子）, shoes ，chopsticks（筷子）,goods（貨物）,scissors（剪刀）,socks, compasses（圓規(guī)） ，但如果這些名詞前有a pair of，等量詞修飾時，（clothes被修飾a suit of），謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。例如：Your trousers need washing. 你的褲子該洗了。My glasses are new. 我的眼鏡是新的。A pair of new shoes is in your suitca

19、se.一雙新鞋在你的手提箱里。Two pairs of socks are enough for me. 對我來說，兩雙襪子就足夠了。4、由“pair, piece of +名詞 / 代詞”作主語時，謂語動詞與pair, piece等詞保持一致與后的代詞、名詞無關(guān)。例如：There is a pair of shoes left.只剩下一雙鞋。The pieces of stone were then carried to the new place for the temple.所有石塊被運到新建寺廟的地方。5、當(dāng)表示時間、金錢、距離、重量、長度、價值等數(shù)詞短語作主語，根據(jù)意義一致原則，通常

20、被看作一個整體，其謂語用單數(shù)。 【考例】 -How much _the shoes?-Five dollars_ enough 2007年青島市Ais；is B are；is Care；are Dis；are答案B 解析 答案為B。shoes作主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式；five dollars是一個整體，應(yīng)按單數(shù)對待。 【考例】How time flies! Ten years _ passed. (2004天津) A. have B. has C. is D. are 答案：B。該題考查的是主謂一致。Ten years通常被看作是一個時間整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。6.某些形復(fù)意單的名詞(

21、如表示人名、地名、國名及組織、書籍、報刊等名稱的專有名詞和學(xué)科名詞等)作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。 例句：Physics is a difficult subject to learn, I think. 我想，物理是一門難學(xué)的目。The United States is in North America. 美國在北美洲。7、如果主語由“the+形容詞（分詞）”擔(dān)任時，往往根據(jù)意義一致原則，來決定謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果表示一類人時，謂語動用復(fù)數(shù)形式；如果指個人或抽象概念時，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：The old is taken good care of in our country. 在我

22、們國家老人受到很好的照顧。The sick is one of the students in our class. 那位病人是我們班的一個學(xué)生。8、名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略的情況，一般只指商店、公共建筑物、住宅等，作主語時，謂語一般用單數(shù)。例如：The bakers is on the side of the street.理發(fā)館在街道的另一邊。My uncles is not very far from here.我叔叔的家離這兒不太遠。9、數(shù)詞作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)，但有四則運算中，謂語單、復(fù)數(shù)均可。例如：Ten times five is / are fifty. 十乘五等于五十。Th

23、ree hundred and forty plus six hundred and sixty is / are one thousand.340 加660等于1000。10.疑問代詞who, what, which作主語時，謂語動詞的形式取決于它產(chǎn)本身的含義。例如：Which is your room? 哪一間是你的房子?Which are your rooms? 哪幾間是你的房子?11、表示數(shù)量的短語“one and a half名詞復(fù)數(shù)”及“a單數(shù)名詞anda half”作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)。例句：One and a half oranges has been left on the

24、table. 桌子上只剩下一個半桔了。A month and a half has passed. 一個半月時間過去了。三、就近一致原則即謂語動詞的數(shù)隨最近的主語而定，又稱為毗鄰一致原則。例如：1、當(dāng)or，either.or， neither.nor， not only.but also.，not.but.，whether.or.等連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于最靠近于它的名詞或代詞。例句：Either you or Lily is to do the cleaning after supper. 不是該你，就是該莉莉在晚飯后打掃衛(wèi)生。Not only the mother but

25、also the children were there.不但母親在那里，而且孩子們也在那里?！究祭縉ot only Jim but also his sister _a few cities in the south since they came to China臨沂市Awill visit B. has visited Chave visited D visited答案B 解析本題既考查時態(tài)，又考查并列連詞not onlybut also的用法。由時間狀語since they came to China，可判斷用現(xiàn)在完成時，排除A、D兩項；not onlybut also連接兩個并列的

26、主語時，謂語動詞要用“就近原則?！究祭縉either Jim nor his cousins _to America, but _of them know the country very well. 07年濰坊市Ahave been；a11 B. have been; both C has been; all Dhas been; both答案B解析考查neithernor的用法，以及both與all的區(qū)別。neithernor連接兩個主語時，謂語用“就近原則”，cousins是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用have been，排除C和D項；指兩者用both。2、在倒裝句中如一個句子由there 或here

27、引起，而主語又不止一個，謂語動詞往往與最鄰近的主語保持一致。例如：There is a desk a table and three chairs in the room. 房間里有一張書桌，一張桌子和三把椅子.【考例】-There_ no milk in the fridge. Could you get some for me, Dick? -All right, Mum. 福州市A. is B. are C. was D. were答案A解析本題考查there be”句型中be的數(shù)及時態(tài)，be在數(shù)上要與最近的主語保持一致.句子的主語是不可數(shù)名詞，所以be應(yīng)使用單數(shù)形式，B、D兩項可以排除

28、。 【語法過關(guān)】1How time flies! Ten years _ passed. A. have B. has C. is D. are2Not only his parents but also his brother _ to the Summer Palace. They havent been back. A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone3Neither my father _ going to see the patient. A. nor I am B. nor I areC. or me are D. or

29、 me is4Look! There _ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. (2004包頭)A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deersC. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers5The number of _ in our class _ fifty. A. student, isB. the students, areC. the students, is D. students, are6The number of the studen

30、ts in our class _ 54. A. is B. are C. has D. have7Not only I but also Jane and Mary_ tired of having one examination after anotherAis Bare Cam Dbe8A library with five thousand books _to the nation as a gift. Ais offered Bhas offered Care offered Dhave offered9When and where to build the new factory

31、_yet Ais not decided Bare not decided Chas not decided Dhave not decided10The number of people invited _fifty， but a number of them _absent for different reasons Awere，was Bwas, was Cwas，were Dwerewere11Between the two buildings _a monumentAis standing Bstanding Cstands Dstand12Many a student _that

32、mistake before.Ahad made Bhas been made Chave made D has made13None of the money _hisAis Bare Cbelongs Dwere14About threefifths of the work _done yesterdayAhad Bwas Cwere Dhave15 Neither your sister nor mine _the good newsLets tell them Aknow B knows Cknew1. Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now.

33、A. were B. is C. was D. are 2. Two days _enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day. A. isnt B. is C. arent D. are 3. How many lessons do you usually have a day? Six lessons a day. And each of them _45 minutes. A. last B. lasts C. have D. are 4. Neither Liping nor I _a basketball player. A

34、. am B. is C. be D. are5. There _ many new words in lesson one. It is very easy. A. is B. arent C. isnt D. are 6. The number of the students in our school _1200. A. is B. are C. has D. have 7. Maths _ my favourite subject. A. be B. is C. am D. are 8. The boy with the two dogs _ when the earthquake r

35、ocked the city. A. were sleeping B. is sleeping C. was sleeping D. are asleep 9. Everyone except Tom and John _there when the meeting began. A. are B. is C. were D. was 10. That place is not interesting at all, _of us wants to go there. A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some 11. Nobody but Jane _ the sec

36、ret. A. know B. knows C. have know D. is 12. Whats on the plate? Some eggs and cakes on it? There _some eggs and cakes on it. A. is B. are C. was D. were 13. This pair of glasses _mine. A. are B. be C. is D. will be 14. Both Lily and Lucy _ to the party yesterday. A. invited B. was invited C. had in

37、vited D. were invited 15. Two months _quite a long time. Yes, Im afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons. A. is B. are C. was D. were 16. In the city the old _. A. take good care of B. are taken good care of C. is taken good care of D. are been taken good care of 17. His family _all very kind a

38、nd friendly, His family _a happy one. A. are, is B. is, is C. are, are D. is, are 18. The singer and the dancer _come to Beijing. A. has B. have C. are D. is 19. The children in this class each _new school bag. A. have B. has C. has got D. are having 20. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C.

39、has been D. were 21. If Bobs wife wont agree to go on holiday in winter, .A. neither he will B. neither wont he C. neither will he D. he wont neither 22. I havent finished my homework yet. A. so has he B. Neither he has C. He has too D. He hasnt either23. “Im going to visit the Lu Gou Bridge tomorrow.” “ .” A. I am so B. So am I C. So go I D. So I go24. You as well as he to blame(責(zé)備) for the accident（交通事故）.A. are B. is C. have D. has25. Neither my wife nor I myself able to teach my daughter to sing English songs.A. has been B. is C. are D. am 【參考答案