形容詞-副詞的用法

1、形容詞 副詞的用法形容詞：一、形容詞在句子中的作用及位置：1. 作定語(yǔ)。a. 形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般放在它所修飾的詞的前面;I have a good book.He is a strange man.b. 形容詞修飾不定代詞(由some, any, every, no+ thing, one, body構(gòu)成)時(shí)要放在不定代詞之后;He has something important to tell you.There is nothing interesting in the book.c. enough修飾名詞時(shí)可放在名詞之前或之后; 修飾形容詞、副詞和動(dòng)詞時(shí)一定要放在這些詞之后.They h

2、ave enough money to buy the car.They have money enough to buy the car.The hole is large enough.d. else只作后置定語(yǔ),修飾疑問(wèn)代詞what, who, whom, whose和不定代詞something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody nobody等;( else作副詞時(shí), 修飾疑問(wèn)副詞when, where等放在其后)What else can you do?Is there anyone else?e. 形容詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)必須放在它所修飾的詞的后面

3、。 All countries, big and small, should be equal. 任何國(guó)家,無(wú)論大小,一律平等.f. 表示計(jì)量（長(zhǎng)、寬、高、深）及年齡的形容詞，應(yīng)放在相應(yīng)的名詞之后。2. 作表語(yǔ)。在系動(dòng)詞和半系動(dòng)詞feel（感到），look（看起來(lái)），sound（聽(tīng)起來(lái)），smell（聞起來(lái)），taste（嘗起來(lái)），become（變成）get（變成），turn（變成），fall（變成）, seem(似乎，好象）后，用形容詞作表語(yǔ)。He is young.I feel very tired.That sounds interesting.He falls ill.3. 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足

4、語(yǔ)。 You should keep your room every day.二、部分形容詞只作定語(yǔ)或只作表語(yǔ)。（英語(yǔ)中大部分形容詞既可作定語(yǔ)也可作表語(yǔ)，但部分形容詞只作定語(yǔ)或只作表語(yǔ)。1. 只能作表語(yǔ)的形容詞 alone獨(dú)自的, afraid害怕的, asleep睡著的, awake醒著的, alive活者的, ill生病的, well健康的，glad高興的，unable不能的、不會(huì)的,frightened害怕；2. 只能作定語(yǔ)的形容詞little小的,only唯一的,wooden木質(zhì)的, woolen羊毛質(zhì)的,elder年長(zhǎng)的和復(fù)合形容詞English-speaking說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的,kind-

5、hearted善良的, man-made人造的, take-away可以帶走的。一、貌似副詞的形容詞下列單詞詞尾有l(wèi)y, 但它們是形容詞不是副詞: lonely, friendly, lively, lovely四、有些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞能當(dāng)形容詞使用，如：worried, surprised, excited, interested, broken, lost.五、一些常用形容詞的辨析。alone獨(dú)自的,指形體上孤單一人。 孤獨(dú)的，指精神上感到寂寞。ill 生病的, glad高興的,只能作表語(yǔ)，sick生病的, happy高興的,既可作表語(yǔ)，也可作定語(yǔ)； well （形容詞）健康的，只能作表語(yǔ)；

6、（副詞）好(地），作狀語(yǔ) good好（的）（形容詞），作表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。六、形容詞的比較等級(jí)（一）比較等級(jí)的構(gòu)成1單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞，在詞尾+構(gòu)成比較級(jí)，+ 構(gòu)成最高級(jí)構(gòu)成方法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)一般在詞尾+er, esttallshorttallershorter tallestshortest以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的+r, stnicelargenicerlargernicestlargest重讀閉音節(jié)、詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母再+er, estbig fatthinhotwetbiggerfatterthinnerhotterwetterbiggestfattestthinnesth

7、ottestwettest以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，先把y改為i，再+er, estbusyhappydirtyheavybusierhappierdirtierheavierbusiesthappiestdirtiestheaviest2部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，在其前面+more構(gòu)成比較級(jí)，+ most構(gòu)成最高級(jí)原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)usefulcareful importantinterestingdifficultdifferentdangerousmore useful more careful more importantmore interestingmore difficultmore d

8、ifferentmore dangerousmost usefulmost careful most importantmost interestingmost difficultmost differentmost dangerous3.有些詞尾以er, re, ow , le結(jié)尾的少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞+er, est原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)clevernarrowsimplequietpolitecommoncleverernarrowersimplerquieterpolitercommonercleverestnarrowestsimplestquietestpolitestcommon4.某些單音節(jié)

9、詞在其前面+more構(gòu)成比較級(jí)，+ most構(gòu)成最高級(jí)，如：原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)tiredpleasedrightrealgladmore tiredmore pleasedmore rightmore realmore glad most tiredmost pleasedmore rightmore realmost glad 不規(guī)則變化的比較級(jí)，最高級(jí)原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)goodwellbadbadlyillmanymuchlittlefar betterworsemorelessfartherbest worstmostleastfarthest（二）比較等級(jí)的用法1原級(jí)的常用句形結(jié)構(gòu)1）。甲

10、 + be +as +原級(jí)+as +乙 表示甲乙兩者程度相同：I am as old as he2）。甲 + be +not+as/so +原級(jí)+as +乙 表示甲不如乙 ：I am not as/so strong as he2. 比較級(jí)的常用句形結(jié)構(gòu)(兩者比較用比較級(jí)1）.甲 + be +比較級(jí)+ than +乙 表示甲比乙 I am older than he.2）甲 + be +數(shù)詞+名詞+比較級(jí)+ than +乙 表示甲比乙. I am two years older than he.3）。甲+ be + 比較級(jí) + than + any (other)+單數(shù)名詞(+介詞短語(yǔ)) 表示

11、甲比任何一個(gè)人或物都, 如果甲在比較范圍之內(nèi)，則用 “other”，否則，不用“other”。He is taller than any other boy in his class.Shanghai is bigger than any city in Australia.（上海不在澳大利亞）4).甲+ be + the + 比較級(jí)+of the two + 表示“甲是兩者中較的”Tom is the taller of the two boys.5).比較級(jí)+ and + 比較級(jí)表示越來(lái)越The weather is getting colder and colder.6).the+比較級(jí)

12、, the +比較級(jí)表示越越The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you take.7). 特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be+比較級(jí)+甲 or乙? Which is heaviest, the horse or the sheep ?(比較級(jí)前可用much, a little, a lot, far, even, any, still, no, a great deal修飾.)3.最高級(jí)的常用句形結(jié)構(gòu)1)主語(yǔ)+be+the+最高級(jí)+單數(shù)名詞+of (群體)in (范圍)短語(yǔ)表示是 中最的Li Lie is the best student of allLi

13、Lie is the best student in his class2) 主語(yǔ)+be+one of the+最高級(jí)+ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+of (群體)in (范圍)短語(yǔ)表示是 中最之一Li Lie is one of the best students of all .China is one of the oldest countries in the world.3)特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be+the+最高級(jí)+甲,乙or丙 Which is the heaviest, the horse, the sheep or the elephant? (最高級(jí)前可有序數(shù)詞修飾:Hainan Island is

14、the second largest island in China. second(第二)不是two(兩個(gè)), 不要誤用比較級(jí))4.表示倍數(shù)的句形1) 甲 + be +倍數(shù)+as +原級(jí)+as +乙 The tree is twice as tall as that one. 這棵樹(shù)比那棵樹(shù)高一倍或這棵樹(shù)的高是那棵樹(shù)的兩倍2) 甲 + be +倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+ than +乙 The tree is twice taller than that one.這棵樹(shù)比那棵樹(shù)高兩倍七、形容詞的排列順序：當(dāng)名詞由兩個(gè)以上的形容詞修飾時(shí)，這些形容詞的排列通常遵循以下規(guī)則：1）限定詞，包括冠詞、指示代詞、形

15、容詞性物主代詞、名詞所有格、數(shù)詞等。2）表示觀點(diǎn)的描繪性形容詞，eg. fine , beautiful, interesting3）表示大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低及形狀的形容詞，eg. tall, high, round4）表示年齡、新、舊的形容詞，eg. young, old, new5)表示顏色的形容詞, red, black, 6）表示國(guó)籍、地區(qū)、出處的形容詞（名詞）Japanese, American7）表示材料的形容詞，如stone, silk等為了記憶此規(guī)則，特編一句話：限觀形齡色國(guó)材。（縣官行令謝國(guó)才）This town has a fine old stone bridge.這座城鎮(zhèn)有

16、一座很不錯(cuò)的古老的石橋。副詞一、副詞的定義：表示行為特征或性狀特征的詞叫副詞。副詞用于修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其它副詞或全句，說(shuō)明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、或方式等概念。二、副詞的構(gòu)成（一）一些副詞本身就是副詞；now, here（二）一些副詞由形容詞詞尾+ly構(gòu)成。careful- carefully; lucky-luckilyterrible- terribly true-trulypolite- politely（三）與名詞或形容詞同形的副詞： today, tomorrow, late, fast.三、副詞的分類(lèi)（一）時(shí)間副詞 now, today, tomorrow, yesterday, be

17、fore, ago ,just now, the day before yesterday, the day after tomorrow, early, late, then, soon , immediately, still, already, just, yet（二）地點(diǎn)副詞here, there, home, abroad, above, upstairs , outside downstairs, everywhere, behind, back（三）方式副詞hard, well, fast, badly, brightly, certainly, clearly, deeply,

18、 early, easily, especially, happily, loudly, luckily, nearly, noisily, politely, quickly, really, safely, slowly, strongly, suddenly, widely（四）頻度副詞 always , usually, often, sometimes, ever, never, once, twice, three times a day/week, every day/week/ month/year, again and again, at times, now and the

19、n, not any more, not any longer（五）程度副詞quite, rather, very, much, very much, a lot , a little, a bit, enough, hardly, almost（六）疑問(wèn)副詞（一般用于特殊疑問(wèn)句）how, where, when, why（七）連接副詞（引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)從句）how, where, when, why，whether （八）關(guān)系副詞（引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句）how, where, when, why四、副詞的作用（一）修飾動(dòng)詞，作狀語(yǔ)。eg.He walked quietly into his be

20、droom.（二）修飾形容詞，作狀語(yǔ)。 Li lie is wearing a very beautiful coat.（三）修飾副詞，作狀語(yǔ)。 You walk too slowly.（四）作表語(yǔ)。How long will she be away?（五）作定語(yǔ)。The people here are very kind to me.五、副詞的位置 （一）多數(shù)副詞都可以放在它所修飾的動(dòng)詞后面，如果是及物動(dòng)詞，一般就放在賓語(yǔ)后面。Eg. She is jumping happily.The boy is doing his homework carefully.（二）時(shí)間副詞、地點(diǎn)副詞和方式副

21、詞一般放在句末，如既有時(shí)間副詞又有地點(diǎn)副詞，則先地點(diǎn)后時(shí)間。He played football on the playground yesterday afternoon.（三）頻度副詞通常都放在be 動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞之前。He always goes to school by bike.She is often late for school.（四）程度副詞修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)，與頻度副詞相似，修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，放在它所修飾的詞的前面。但enough, very much除外。I dont quite agree with you.She is very beautifu

22、l.The hole is big enough.（放在所修飾的詞之后）I like apples very much.（放在句末）（五）疑問(wèn)副詞放在特殊疑問(wèn)句的句首，連接副詞、關(guān)系副詞通常放在從句的句首。Why are you often late for school?Can you tell me why you are often late for school?（六）有少數(shù)副詞在句中的位置非常靈活，常放在與它們關(guān)系密切的詞前。如：even和only。如: He can only answer the question. 他只會(huì)回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題。 Only he can answer th

23、e question. 只有他會(huì)回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題。六、副詞的比較等級(jí)（一）副詞比較等級(jí)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則副詞比較等級(jí)的構(gòu)成方法與形容詞的比較等級(jí)的構(gòu)成方法相同。以形容詞詞尾+ly構(gòu)成的副詞，其比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)分別在前面+more, most 構(gòu)成。（但不規(guī)則變化的badly-worse-worst除外）（二）副詞比較等級(jí)的用法副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法跟形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法基本相同。但副詞最高級(jí)前面可以省略掉the . 其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不是be動(dòng)詞,而是行為動(dòng)詞, 同時(shí)要注意使用not as/so +原級(jí)+as句形。He is as fast as you. He is not as fast as you.

24、He runs as fast as you. He doesnt run as fast as you而不是He runs not as fast as you.七、一些常用形容詞或副詞的用法辨析1very與 much表示“很”，“非?！眝ery用于修飾形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)，much用于修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)，修飾動(dòng)詞要用much或very much.2so與such表示“如此”，“這么”，“那么”（1）so是副詞，修飾形容詞或副詞如： so beautifulsuch是形容詞，修飾名詞，但名詞前可有形容詞定語(yǔ)。如：such a beautiful girl（2）so修飾的形容詞后可以有一個(gè)

25、a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。如：so beautiful a girl（3）如果名詞前有many, much, few, little則用so . so many books.3. also, too, either, as well 也（不）also, too, as well用于肯定句；either用語(yǔ)否定局。also, 常放于be 動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、第助動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞之前。too, as well 常放于句末，但too前常用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi);either放在否定句句末。 eg:He is having an English lesson.She is also having an English

26、lesson.She is having an English lesson, too.She is having an English lesson as well.He isnt having an English lesson. She isnt either.3. ago before after laterago只用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)，放在“段時(shí)間”之后，表示從現(xiàn)在算起的時(shí)間之前。He finished his work three days ago before后接“點(diǎn)時(shí)間”,可用于任何時(shí)態(tài)。We hope to get home before 4 oclock.before（不接時(shí)間）

27、，常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。I have never seen such a moving film beforebefore放在“段時(shí)間”之后,常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中，與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用。He said he finished his work three days before later“之后” 放在“段時(shí)間”之后，用于“段時(shí)間”+ later : three hours laterafter放在“段時(shí)間”之前，after+“段時(shí)間”兩個(gè)詞組都常用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)。（in+“時(shí)間段” ，after+“點(diǎn)時(shí)間”常用于將來(lái)時(shí)。) much too 與 too muchmuch too修飾形容詞和副詞。too m

28、uch修飾不可數(shù)名詞It is much too cold today.There is too much ice on the road. Just 與just nowjust 剛剛，常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。just now剛才，常用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)。I have just finished my homework.I saw him on my way home just now.sometime,sometimes,some time ,some timessome time表示將來(lái)或過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)候；sometimes指“有時(shí)候”； some time指一段時(shí)間some times幾次，幾倍He

29、goes to Haikou for a holiday sometimes.He will go to Haikou sometime next month.He will stay there for some time.already, yet, still already表示某事已經(jīng)發(fā)生；still表示某事仍在進(jìn)行；兩者主要用于肯定句，yet用于疑問(wèn)句表示“已經(jīng)”,用于否定句表示“還沒(méi)有”、“尚未”.Have you finished your homework yet?I have already finished my homework.He hasnt finished his

30、homework yet.練習(xí)一、選詞填空1. My father is a _ teacher. He teaches English very_.(good, well)2. _ luck, I did _in the exam. (bad , badly)3. The sun is _ . it is shining_. (bright, brightly)4.Mr Wang goes to school as_. He _ goes to school by bike. (usual, usually)5.The problem is so_ that they can work it

31、 out _( easy, easily)6. Lucy is very _ in class. She does everything_(careful, carefully)7. The teacher always talks in a _ voice in class. He usually speaks_ to the class. (loudly, loud)8. The cloth feels _and sells_. (good, well)9.The food tastes _( good, well)10.How _(nice, well) the flower smell

32、s!11.Can you believe that in _ a rich country there are _many poor people.(so, such)12.The noise is _ noisy.(too much, much too)二、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Tom is _(terrible) ill.2.Jane looks so_(happy) today, because she has got an A in her maths test3. The flowers look _(real) beautiful.4. The song sounds_(be

33、autiful)5.The little girl has a _ voice. She speak _(loud)6.Kate has a _family. She lives _with her parents and brother7.You cant speak_ (free) in class.8. I cant see _(clear) without my glasses9.How _(wonderful) he played football10.Li Hong doesnt study as _(care) as Tom.11.Look outside! It is rain

34、ing _(heavy)12. On Saturday children play in the park _ (happy).13. I work hard because I _(real) like this job.14. Li Lie fell off the bike, but _( luck) he wasnt _(bad) hurt15.You must speak to the old men _ (polite)二、給出下列形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)。good_ _ much _ _well _ _ many_ _bad_ _ ill _ _ badly_ _ littl

35、e _ _far_ _一、選擇填空。1( ) Kate is not as _as Jim.A.tall B.taller C.tallest D.much taller2( )English is as _as Chinese .A. more important B. most importantC. important D. the most important3( )The ice in the lake is as_as it was before. A.thin B.thinner C.thinnest D.the thinnest4( )Bob never does his ho

36、mework _Mary. He makes lots of mistakes. A. so careful as B. as carefully as C. carefully as D. as careful as5( )The horse is old and cannot run _it did. A. as faster as B. so fast thanC. as fast as6( )Toms shoes are_than hers. A. more cheap B. much cheaper C. more cheaper D. cheapest7( )An elephant

37、 is _than a tiger. A. heavy B. heavyer C. heavier D. the heaviest8( )I can type _than I can write by hand. A. fast B .much faster C. more faster D. fastest9( ) I think Harbin is _ than Qingdao. A. interesting B. much more interesting C. much interesting D. the most interesting 10( )China is _ than a

38、ny other country in Asia. A. largest B. much big C. larger D. biggest11( )Shanghai is _than _city in Australia A. bigger, any other B. biggest, any other C. bigger, any D. biggest, any other12( )The population of Tianjin is _ than that of Shanghai.A. larger B. less C. small D. fewer13.( )If you want

39、 to keep fit, youd better eat more vegetable and _ meat. A. few B. little C. less D. fewer14( )Remember boys and girls, _ you work, _ the result you will get.A.The better, the harder B.harder, the betterC The harder, the better D.The hard, the good15( )_you are, _mistakes youll make.A. The more care

40、fully, the fewerB. The more careful, the fewerC. The most carefully, the fewestD . The most careful , the fewest 16( ) Which subject is _English or maths?A. difficult B. the most difficult C. most difficult D. more difficult17( ) I was feeling tired last night, so I went to bed_ than usual. A. early

41、 B. earlier C. late D. later18( )Which is_ , this one or that one?A. big B. biger C. bigger D. biggest19( )Lily is _ one of the two girls. A.taller B.the taller C.the tallest D.tall20( ) Of the two skirt, the red one is _.A. the nicest B.the nicer C.nice D.nicer21( )The world is becoming _ as the po

42、pulation is growing.A. crowd and crowd B. more and more crowedC. crowdeder and crowdeder D. crowdedly and crowdedly22( )China is becoming _.A. strong and strongB. stronger and strongerC. more and more strongD. more strong and more strong23( )The little boy is getting_A. long and long B. tall and tal

43、lC. longer and longer D. taller and taller24( )My sister is _than I .A. two years old. B. two years olderC. old two years D. older two years 25( )我的房子比他們的大三倍。A. My room is as three times big as theirs.B. My room is as four times big as theirs.C. My room is three times as big as theirs.D. My room is

44、four times as big as theirs.26( )Smith is _ of the three.A.the tallest B. most tall C. taller D.tall27.( )This is _library in our city.A. big B.bigger C.biggest D. the biggest28.( )Hainan Island is the second_island in China. A. large B.larger C. largest D. most large29.( )October 15th was one of _d

45、ays in 2003, Shengzhou-V was sent up successrully.A. exciting B. the most excitingC. more exciting D. most exciting30( )English is one of the _at school.A. most difficult subjectB. most difficult subjectsC. more difficult subjectD. more difficult subjects31( )Nobody can catch up with Jim. He always

46、runs _ in our class.A. faster B. fastest C. more slowly D. most slowly32( )This book is very _and I am _in it. A.interest, interest B.interesting, interested C.interested, interestingD.interested, interested33( ) Li Lei did quite _in the English competition. I did even_. A. better, well B. good, better C. well , better D. well, good34( )The number of the students in ourschool is twice as _as that of theirs. It is 3000. A. many B. much C. big D. s