初中英語(yǔ)句型轉(zhuǎn)換的解題方法-

1、初中英語(yǔ)句型轉(zhuǎn)換的解題方法句型轉(zhuǎn)換是中學(xué)英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練的典型題型，也是中考必考的重點(diǎn)題型之一。在歷年的中考中，句型轉(zhuǎn)換題所占的分值一直挺大，而且有愈來(lái)愈高之勢(shì)。這是因?yàn)檫@種題型可以有效地幫助學(xué)生理解并鞏固所學(xué)的句型，掌握各種句型的內(nèi)在含義，幫助學(xué)生掌握各種句型的句式結(jié)構(gòu)和不同句式的變化技巧，理解并掌握句型與句型間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)律。學(xué)生如能掌握句型轉(zhuǎn)換的解題技巧，對(duì)于他們理解并運(yùn)用所學(xué)句型，形成語(yǔ)感，進(jìn)而培養(yǎng)他們的英語(yǔ)綜合運(yùn)用能力有著極其重要的意義。在日常英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中，每位英語(yǔ)教師都十分重視對(duì)學(xué)生句型轉(zhuǎn)換解題技巧的培養(yǎng)，因?yàn)樗麄兩钪褐灰獙W(xué)生掌握了句型轉(zhuǎn)換的本質(zhì)含義和解題技巧，不僅能熟練地運(yùn)用各種句式

2、和句型進(jìn)行口頭表達(dá)，還能夠熟練地做句型轉(zhuǎn)換題，把所學(xué)的句型和句式舉一反三，靈活運(yùn)用，這樣就把口頭運(yùn)用轉(zhuǎn)換成了筆頭運(yùn)用，從而培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生的綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。 一、由肯定句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句 由肯定句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句的規(guī)則是把助動(dòng)詞置于句子的主語(yǔ)之前而把句子變?yōu)橐蓡?wèn)語(yǔ)序。解題時(shí)應(yīng)把握以下幾點(diǎn)： 1、句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是be動(dòng)詞，則把be動(dòng)詞直接提到主語(yǔ)之前。 （注：在肯定句和一般疑問(wèn)句中主語(yǔ)的一、二人稱要互換。）eg. (1) We are in Class 1, Grade 7 . Are you in Class 1, Grade 7 ? (2) Hes polite and helpful . Is

3、 he polite and helpful ? (3) There are some birds in the big tall tree . Are there any birds in the big tall tree ? (4) Some Americans are going to visit our school next week . Are some Americans going to visit your school next week ? (5) A new modern bridge is being built over the Changjiang River

4、. Is a new modern bridge being built over the Changjiang River ? 2、句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中如果有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則把情態(tài)動(dòng)詞直接提到主語(yǔ)之前。eg. (1) They can park their cars in front of the supermarket . Can they park their cars in front of the supermarket ? (2) Id like some more dumplings . Would you like some more dumplings ? (3) Children

5、must be kept away from fire . Must children be kept away from fire ? 3、句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)，則把時(shí)態(tài)中的助動(dòng)詞have、has或had 提到主語(yǔ)之前即可。eg. (1) I have finished reading the interesting book . Have you finished reading the interesting book ? (2) The old woman had been dead before her dauther arrived . Had the old

6、 woman been dead before her dauther arrived ?4、句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是行為動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)，在改為一般疑問(wèn)句的時(shí)候，根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的人稱和單、復(fù)數(shù)，需要添加助動(dòng)詞do、does或did 。eg.(1) We enjoy the football matches very much . Do you enjoy the football matches very much ? (2) Her mother does some cleaning every morning . Does her mother do some cleaning eve

7、ry morning ? (3)She went to see her doctor yesterday . Did she go to see her doctor yesterday ?注：在添加了助動(dòng)詞的一般疑問(wèn)句中，行為動(dòng)詞一律為動(dòng)詞原形。二、由肯定句變?yōu)榉穸ň?由肯定句變?yōu)榉穸ň涞囊?guī)則是在句中的助動(dòng)詞之后添加否定詞not。如果句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的情況和上述1、2、3點(diǎn)相同，則直接在be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和have、has或had之后添加否定詞not 。除了be動(dòng)詞的am詞形外，否定詞not可以和助動(dòng)詞縮寫(xiě)為“助動(dòng)詞 + nt”。而如果句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是行為動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則要先添

8、加助動(dòng)詞do、does或did，再在其后添加否定詞not，分別可以縮寫(xiě)為dont、doesnt和didnt 。注：在行為動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的否定句中，行為動(dòng)詞也一律為動(dòng)詞原形。eg.(1) He is from England . He isnt from England . (2) They can look for things on the Internet in Computer lessons . They cant look for things on the Internet in Computer lessons . (3) I have seen the intere

9、sting film already . I havent seen the interesting film yet . (4) His brother often plays foogball after school . His brother doesnt often play football after school . (5) My grandma came for dinner yesterday evening . My grandma didnt come for dinner yesterday evening . 下面幾種句型在變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r(shí)情況特殊一些，做題時(shí)須引起注意

10、： (1) I think + 賓語(yǔ)從句。 該句型在變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r(shí)，否定詞not應(yīng)放在主句上，即為：I dont think + 賓語(yǔ)從句。eg. I think it will rain tomorrow . I dont think it will rain tomorrow . (2) 祈使句 祈使句的特征是沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)，以動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭。在變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r(shí)，應(yīng)在動(dòng)詞原形之前添加助動(dòng)詞dont .eg. (1) Water the flowers . Dont water the flowers . (2) Please clean the blackboard . Please dont clea

11、n the blackboard .三、句子的單復(fù)數(shù)互換 句子的單復(fù)數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換的規(guī)則是：對(duì)應(yīng)句中的名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞等，能變則變，不能變的，要么保留，要么去掉。要做到熟練掌握并運(yùn)用這一規(guī)則，必須掌握名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)則，代詞對(duì)應(yīng)的人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)的變化規(guī)則等。在解題過(guò)程中，還必須具體情況具體對(duì)待。eg. (1) The girl is from England . The girls are from England . (2) He is a polite and helpful boy . They are polite and helpful boys . 上述例句中，劃線的

12、為能變的，沒(méi)劃線的為該保留的，加 號(hào)的a(an)為該去掉的。反之，在由復(fù)數(shù)變?yōu)閱螖?shù)時(shí)，則要根據(jù)句意在名詞之前補(bǔ)上一個(gè)a (an)。eg. They are English girls . She is an English . 但是對(duì)于There be句型，單復(fù)數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)句中的 a / an不能去掉，而要根據(jù)句式將其與some或any 互換。eg. (1) There is a boat on the lake. There are some boats on the lake. (2) There isnt a tree behind the house. There arent any tr

13、ees behind the house. (3) Is there a pet dog in your home? Are there any pet dogs in your home? (4) There arent any pictures on the wall of our classroom. There isnt a picture on the wall of our classroom.四、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換就是將所給的句子換個(gè)說(shuō)法。這一題型包含的內(nèi)容多，形式雜。有詞匯的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，句型的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，等。掌握該題型的解題技巧，可以很好地幫助學(xué)生理解、掌握所學(xué)的詞匯和句型的含

14、義，并在此基礎(chǔ)上加以活用，對(duì)學(xué)生形成語(yǔ)言綜合運(yùn)用能力有極大的幫助。要掌握該題型的正確的解題方法，需要在日常的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中不斷練習(xí)、歸納、積累。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，同義句轉(zhuǎn)換主要有以下幾種形式：1、詞匯的同義轉(zhuǎn)換 詞匯的同義轉(zhuǎn)換主要有同義詞、近義詞的轉(zhuǎn)換,反義詞的轉(zhuǎn)換,和同一個(gè)詞在不同的句式中的不同的語(yǔ)序的轉(zhuǎn)換等。eg. (1) I spent 50 yuan on the coat. I paid 50 yuan for the coat. （同義詞的轉(zhuǎn)換） (2) He likes playing football too. He also likes playing football. （近義詞的轉(zhuǎn)換

15、） (3) Millie sits behind Daniel. Daniel sits in front of Millie. （反義詞的轉(zhuǎn)換） (4) They are all from America. All of them are from America. （詞序的轉(zhuǎn)換）2、句型的同義轉(zhuǎn)換 常見(jiàn)的句型的同義轉(zhuǎn)換主要有以下幾種形式：簡(jiǎn)單句和簡(jiǎn)單句的互換，簡(jiǎn)單句和祈使句的互換，復(fù)合句和簡(jiǎn)單句的互換，復(fù)合句和復(fù)合句的互換等。eg. (1) My favourite lesson is English. I like English best. （簡(jiǎn)單句和簡(jiǎn)單句的互換） (2) He is

16、 too young to go to school. He isnt old enough to go to school. （簡(jiǎn)單句和簡(jiǎn)單句的互換） He is so young that he cant go to school.（簡(jiǎn)單句和復(fù)合句的互換） (3) You cant play basketball in the street. Dont play basketball in the street. （簡(jiǎn)單句和祈使句的互換） (4) She didnt go to the bookshop yesterday, she went to the library instead.

17、 She went to the library yesterday instead of the bookshop.（復(fù)合句和簡(jiǎn)單句的互換） (5) I went to bed after my mother came back last night. I didnt go to bed until my mother came back last night. （復(fù)合句和復(fù)合句的互換）五、對(duì)句中的劃線部分提問(wèn) 對(duì)句中的劃線部分提問(wèn)是句型轉(zhuǎn)換題的重要組成部分。該題型的主旨是確定劃線部分在句子中是什么成分，用合適的疑問(wèn)詞放在句首代替該部分而構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句。解該題型可使用“三步提問(wèn)法”。具體步驟

18、如下：1、先選擇一個(gè)合適的疑問(wèn)詞。 英語(yǔ)中主要的疑問(wèn)詞有：what , who , when , whose , where , why , which , how , how old , how many , how much , how long , how often , how soon , how far , 等。疑問(wèn)詞的確定要根據(jù)句中的劃線部分作什么成分。上述疑問(wèn)詞的用法主要為：what :用來(lái)詢問(wèn)事物、人的姓名和職業(yè)。另外，和不同的詞一起使用還可詢問(wèn)具體的方面，如what time 詢問(wèn)時(shí)間，what colour 詢問(wèn)顏色等。who :用來(lái)詢問(wèn)人，尤其指人與人之間的關(guān)系。who

19、se :用來(lái)詢問(wèn)歸屬，即和人之間的所有關(guān)系。when :用來(lái)詢問(wèn)時(shí)間，一般指較大的時(shí)間范圍。（小范圍的時(shí)間可用what time ）where :用來(lái)詢問(wèn)地點(diǎn)。which :用來(lái)詢問(wèn)哪一個(gè)，主要針對(duì)名詞的定語(yǔ)提問(wèn)。why :用來(lái)詢問(wèn)原因，標(biāo)志是because .how :用來(lái)詢問(wèn)方式、程度。how old :用來(lái)詢問(wèn)年齡。how many :用來(lái)詢問(wèn)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量，其后要接名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。how much :用來(lái)詢問(wèn)不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量，其后要接不可數(shù)名詞。如單獨(dú)使用則表示詢問(wèn)多少錢(qián)或?qū)κ挛锪私饣蛳矚g的程度。how long :用來(lái)詢問(wèn)事物的長(zhǎng)度，也可詢問(wèn)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度。how often :用來(lái)詢問(wèn)某

20、件事或某個(gè)動(dòng)作在一定的時(shí)間范圍內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的次數(shù)，即頻度。how soon :用來(lái)詢問(wèn)某件事或某個(gè)動(dòng)作從說(shuō)話時(shí)候起要過(guò)多久才會(huì)發(fā)生，即詢問(wèn)將來(lái)的情況，一般與將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用。how far :用來(lái)詢問(wèn)空間距離。2、把原句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句。3、把確定的疑問(wèn)詞放在句首，其后跟上一般疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)序，把劃線部分省略即可。注：如果句中的劃線部分是主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)，則可用疑問(wèn)詞直接替換而不用一般疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)序。舉例說(shuō)明： 1、Her mother often gives her nice presents .思考：本句中的劃線部分Her mother 在句中作主語(yǔ)，因而在確定了疑問(wèn)詞who之后，不用將原句改為一般疑問(wèn)

21、句，直接替換即可。改寫(xiě)后的句子為：Who often gives her nice presents ?2、The boy on the yellow bike is Lucys brother .思考：本句中的劃線部分on the yellow bike 在句中作主語(yǔ)The boy 的定語(yǔ)，限定是哪一個(gè)男孩，因而確定的疑問(wèn)詞是which, 直接替換后的句子為： Which boy is Lucys brother ?3、I spend about half an hour a day reading English .思考：本句中的劃線部分不是作主語(yǔ)，也不是作主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)，因而適用“三步提問(wèn)法”。（1）先確定疑問(wèn)詞。劃線的about half an hour 表示一個(gè)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度，因而疑問(wèn)詞為how long .（2）把原句改為一般疑問(wèn)句為：Do you spend about half an hour a day reading English ?（3）把疑問(wèn)詞how long 放在句首，其后跟上一般疑問(wèn)句，把劃線部分去掉，最終的句子為： How long do