形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級;

1、一、形容詞和副詞的概念形容詞：是修飾名詞（人或事物），表示名 詞的性質(zhì)，特征或?qū)傩砸环N詞類。 它在句中作定語、表語和賓語補足語。副詞：用來修飾動詞、形容詞及其他副詞的 詞叫副詞。副詞在句中多作狀語. 二、形容詞和副詞的用法形容詞作定語一般放在被修飾 的名詞之前。 如: a new book, two big trees 等。形容詞放在系動詞be , get, turn, become, keep, stay, look, smell, feel, taste, sound, 等之后。如:1.i am short. 2.she looks fine. 3.they turn green.如果形容

2、詞修飾不定代詞something, anything, everything, nothing等時，要放在不定代詞后面。如:something interesting nothing new副詞放在所修飾的動詞之后、形容詞和副 詞之前。如果前面是行為動詞，則后面用副詞。如: 1.she works hard .（修飾動詞） 2.i am very busy.（修飾形容詞） 3.he runs too quickly .（修飾副詞） 4.we play happily. （修飾動詞）通常在形容詞后加-ly變成副詞。形容詞副詞比較級最高級變化形式歸納大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞有比較級和最高級的變化，即原級

3、、比較級和最高級，用來表示事物的等級差別。原級即形容詞的原形，比較級和最高級有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。 規(guī)則變化 1.單音節(jié)以及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)的詞后面直接加-er 或 -est原級比較級最高級talltallertallestsmartsmartersmartestshortshortershortest特別提醒：以-y,-er, -ow, le結尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞末尾加er和est。如：healthy, funny, busy, hungry, easy, happy, early, pretty, lazy, heavy, dirty, clever, narrow等。 2.以不發(fā)音的e結尾只

4、加-r或-st原級比較級最高級nicenicernicestfinefinerfinestlargelargerlargest3.“以輔音字母+y”結尾的詞改y為i，再加-er或-est原級比較級最高級easyeasiereasiestprettyprettierprettiesthappyhappierhappiestfunnyfunnierfunniestbusybusierbusiest4.以一個元音加一個輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，雙寫后面的輔音字母，再加-er或-est原級比較級最高級thinthinnerthinnesthothotterhottestbigbiggerbigges

5、t特別提醒：new, few, slow, clean等詞含有字母組合，且發(fā)的是長元音，不用雙寫。5.大部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)的詞，要在前面加 more，most原級比較級最高級beautiful more beautifulmost beautifulimportantmore importantmost importantinterestingmore interesting most interesting expensivemore expensive most expensivepopularmore popularmost popular特別提醒：以形容前綴un構成的三音節(jié)形容詞不適

6、合上述情況，如unhappy-unhappier-unhappiest, untidy-untidier-untidiest 6.以形容詞+ly構成的副詞要在前面加 more，most原級比較級最高級slowlymore slowly most slowlyquicklymore quicklymost quicklyangrilymore angrily most angrilysoftly more softly most softlynoisilymore noisily most noisily特別提醒：early -earlier-earliest 7.由ing分詞和ed分詞演變過來

7、的形容詞(包括不規(guī)則動詞如knowknown)只能加more或most來表示它們的比較級和最高級。 原級比較級 最高級 interestingmore interesting most interesting excited more excited most exciting tiredmore tired most tired boringmore boring most boring 不規(guī)則變化 原級比較級最高級good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolder/eldero

8、ldest/eldestfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest“兩好，兩壞，兩多，一少，一老，一遠” 不規(guī)則。特別提醒：further不僅可以指“距離更遠”，還可指“程度更深”。記住以下三個詞組：further study(進修) further education(繼續(xù)教育) further information (進一步的信息)elder僅用于同輩之間的排行，如: elder sister(姐姐)elder brother (哥哥)less作為“更少”僅用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞，修飾可數(shù)名詞表示“更少”要用fewer。以下內(nèi)容作為拓展用形容詞most前面沒有th

9、e，不表示最高級的含義，只表示“非?！薄?it is a most important problem. =it is a very important problem. 倍數(shù)表達法a is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of b.the new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大（高）/這座新樓比那座舊樓大（高）三倍。a is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, e

10、tc.)as b. asia is four times as large as europe. 亞洲是歐洲的四倍大/亞洲比歐洲大三倍。a is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than b.your school is three times bigger than ours.你們的學校比我們的學校大三倍。用times表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上，兩倍可以用twice或double.形容詞副詞比較級最高級重點句型歸納句型一：形容詞或副詞比較級+than 注意事項：該句型為比較級的最基本句型。只要看到than，即可確定前面使用比

11、較級。he is taller than i am.the boy does his homework more carefully than the girl.句型二：less + 形容詞的原級 + than 注意事項：該句型表示“不如、不及”，特別需要注意的是，less本身就是little的比較級，后面必須跟形容詞的原級，否定就造成了比較級的重復使用。this computer is less expensive than that one.句型三：as +形容詞或副詞的原級+ as 注意事項：該句型表示對比的兩者程度相當，as之間必須跟形容詞或副詞的原級，決不能使用比較級。此外，還要確定

12、使用形容詞還是副詞。確定的依據(jù)就是根據(jù)第一個as前的動詞，如果是系動詞（如be，感官動詞look, sound, smell, taste, feel等），那么就用形容詞的原級，如果前面的動詞是一般的實義動詞，那么就必須用副詞的原級修飾動詞。this lesson is as easy as that one.lucy talks with old people as politely as her sister.特別提醒：asas之間也可以跟名詞，句型如下：as +形容詞+ a/an +單數(shù)名詞+ashe is as kind a person as his father. 他和他爸爸一樣都

13、是善良的人。as + many/much+不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)+asi can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少紙，我也能。i have as many books as you do. 我的書和你的一樣多。well give you as much help as we can. 我們將盡我們所能給你幫助。其它幾個關于asas的句型：as as one can：盡其所能he began to run as fast as he could.as as possible：盡可能please help us as quickly as possibl

14、e.as soon as一就he will call me as soon as he comes here.句型四：not as/so +形容詞或副詞的原級+ as注意事項：該句型表示“前者不如后者”，往往可以與句型一和句型二替換。第一個as可以換為so。this classroom is not as bright as yours.i cannot run as fast as you.句型五：the +形容詞或副詞最高級+ in / of / among +比較范圍注意事項：如果這里為副詞最高級，前面的the常常省略。介詞in和of的用法完全不一樣。in表示“在某一范圍內(nèi)”，如：in

15、the classroom，in the world。of表示“在同類之間”，of后面的詞與主語同類，另名詞前一般有冠詞the。among表示“在（三者或三者以上）之間”，among后接代詞或沒有修飾語的名詞。the changjiang river is the longest river in our country.peter is the tallest of the six students.this picture is the most beautiful among these.句型六：one of + 形容詞最高級+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式 注意事項：one of有三大考點：1. 后

16、跟形容詞最高級；2. 后接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式；3. 作主語時主語為one，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。one of the smallest dinosaurs was about one metre long.句型七：比較級+and +比較級 / more and more +多音節(jié)詞的原級注意事項：該句型表示“越來越”，如果該形容詞比較級構成形式加er，則用前面的句型；如果該形容詞比較級加more構成，則用后面的句型。it is getting hotter and hotter.the girl is becoming more and more beautiful.句型八：the +比較級+,

17、the +比較級+注意事項：該句型意思為“越就越”，表示兩種情況同時變化。the more you eat, the fatter you will be.in the test, the more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.句型九：be different from 注意事項：該句型沒有運用比較級，但也是對兩者事物進行比較。注意前后比較需在同類事物中進行。my schoolbag is different from yours.句型十：the same as / the sameas注意事項：該句型同樣沒有運用比較級，

18、表示兩者之間具有共同特性。注意這里的as和same為固定搭配，不能隨便變換。i dont want to buy the same things as amy did.句型十一：比較級+than + any other +名詞單數(shù)形式 注意事項：any other 后面跟單數(shù)名詞，表示“任何別的”，即主語在范圍內(nèi)，必須把自身從這一范圍內(nèi)除去，否則邏輯上不通。如果主語不在這一范圍內(nèi)，那么要把other去掉，只用any即可。shanghai is larger than any other city in china. （上海在中國這個范圍內(nèi)，所以用any other）shanghai is la

19、rger than any city in jiangsu. （上海不在江蘇，所以只需用any）句型十二：比較級+than + the other +名詞復數(shù)形式 注意事項：該句型相當于any other +名詞單數(shù)形式，常用來進行同義句改寫。該句型與句型十一雖然波表面上都是比較級，但實際上相當于最高級。以下三句表達的是同一個意思。daniel is the most hard-working student in our class.daniel is more hard-working than any other student in our class.daniel is more h

20、ard-working than the other students in our class.特別提醒：表示兩者(人或物)比較時，比較的對象應是同類事物，不同類的事物之間無法進行比較以下內(nèi)容不作為初中英語教學內(nèi)容，僅供拓展之用。少數(shù)單音節(jié)詞前面加 more, most 構成比較級和最高級，這類形容詞一般為表語形容詞和由過去分詞變成的形容詞。afraid - more afraid, most afraidtired - more tired , most tired fond - more fond , most fondglad - more glad , most glad bored

21、 - more bored , most boredpleased- more pleased , most pleased下列形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級有兩種形式，即：既可加-er/-est也可加more/most cruel, strict, often, friendly, clever下列形容詞和副詞沒有比較級和最高（即表示“最高程度”或“絕對狀態(tài)”的形容詞和副詞沒有比較級和最高級）empty, wrong, perfect, unique, extreme, excellent, favourite, true, right, correct, extremely .形容詞副詞比較

22、級最高級使用注意事項比較應在同類事物之間進行。 誤：your english is better than me.正：your english is better than mine.比較級前可以有一個表示程度的狀語，最常見的三大修飾詞是：a little, much, even。以下單詞也可用來修飾：any, far, still, a lot, yet, rather。my sister is a little taller than me.their house is much larger than ours.另外，名詞短語也可修飾比較級，說明程度。im three years old

23、er than he. 特別提醒：very, quite, too不可修飾比較級。避免重復使用比較級。誤：he is more kinder to small animals than i.正：he is much kinder to small animals than i.誤：he is more cleverer than his brother. 正：he is cleverer than his brother. 比較要符合邏輯，在同一范圍內(nèi)比較時，避免將主語含在比較對象中，這時需使用other來排除自身。誤：china is larger that any country in a

24、sia. 正：china is larger than any other country in asia. 誤：john studies harder than any student in his class.正：john studies harder than any other student in his class.正：john studies harder than any of the other students in his class.正：john studies harder than anyone else in his class. 比較要遵循前后一致的原則，注意前

25、后呼應。the population of shanghai is larger than that of beijing. it is easier to make a plan than to carry it out. 序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級。 africa is the second largest continent. the yellow river is the second longest river in china.this is the third most popular song of michael jackson.為避免重復，我們通常用that, those, o

26、ne, ones代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，those代替可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)。one既可指人又可指物，只能代替可數(shù)名詞。the weather in china is different from that in america.the book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.a box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.誤：in winter, the weather of beijing is colder than it of shanghai. 正：in winter, the weather of beiji