False Friends假對應(yīng).ppt

1、False Friends,Definition,False Friends which originates from French word “ faux am is ”are pairs ofwordsorphrasesin twolanguagesordialects(or letters in two alphabets) that lookorsoundsimilar, but differ significantly in meaning. An example is theEnglishembarrassedand theSpanish embarazada, which me

2、anspregnant.,Causes,Shared etymology (similar to cognate words) If Language A borrowed a word from Language B, or both borrowed the word from a third language or inherited it from a common ancestor, and later the word shifted in meaning or acquired additional meanings in at least one of these langua

3、ges, anative speakerof one language will face a false friend when learning the other.,Causes,Homonyms (when two words are identical both in spelling and in sound, but different in meaning) E.g dead president-美鈔（上印有總統(tǒng)頭像）（并非“死了的總統(tǒng)”） Servive station(加油站)（而不是服務(wù)站 White man (忠實可靠的人)（不是皮膚白的人） China policy(

4、對華政策)（而不是中國政策） Black art(妖術(shù))（而不是黑色藝術(shù)） Green hand（新手）（而不是綠手） Greek gift(害人的禮物)（而不是希臘的禮物）,Causes,Semantic change(widening of meaning/Narrowing of meaning) In bilingual situations, due to different cultures, false friends often result in asemanticchangea real new meaning that is then commonly used in a

5、 language. E.g. Corn was originally the dominant type of grain in a region (indeed corn and grain are themselvescognatesfrom the same Indo-European root). It came to mean usuallycerealsin general in the British Isles in the nineteenth century e.g.Corn laws, butmaizein North America, and now just mai

6、ze also in the British Isles.,Semantic change,Semantic change,False Friends in Translation,False friends at lexical level (Vocabulary), lover 情人（不是“愛人”） busboy 餐館勤雜工（不是“公汽售票 員”） busybody 愛管閑事的人（不是“大忙 人”） dry goods （美）紡織品；（英）谷物 （不是“干貨”） sweet water 淡水（不是“糖水”或 “甜水”） capital idea 好主意（不是“資本主義思 想”） dress

7、ing room 化妝室（不是“試衣室” 或“更衣室”-locker room）,False Friends in Translation,False friends in Idioms,make ones hair stand on end 令人毛骨悚然恐 懼（不是“令人發(fā)指氣憤”） be taken in 受騙，上當(dāng)（不是“被接納”） think a great deal of oneself 高看或看重自己 （不是“為自己想得很多”） pull up ones socks 鼓起勇氣（不是“提上襪 子”） have the heart to do （用于否定句）忍心 做不是“有心做”或“有

8、意做”）,False Friends in Translation, Look out! 當(dāng)心?。ú皇恰跋蛲饪础保?What a shame! 多可惜！真遺憾?。ú皇恰岸嗫?恥”） You dont say! 是嗎！（不是“你別說”） You can say that again! 說得好?。ú皇恰澳憧?以再說一遍”） You cant be too careful in your work. 你工作越 仔細(xì)越好。（不是“你工作不能太仔細(xì)”） All his friends did not turn up. 他的朋友 沒全到。（不是“他的朋友全沒到”）,False friends in Exp

9、ression,False Friends in Translation,False Friends in Negation Construction 1. Can not .too/over.再怎么樣也不為過，越.越. I can not thank you too much .我無論怎么感謝你都是不夠的 A green hard can not be too careful in buying stocks.新手在玩股票時越謹(jǐn)慎越好,2.never.but .每.必. It never rains but pours. 不雨則已，一雨傾盆 I never think of summer b

10、ut I think of childhood .一想到夏天， 我就會想起童年 3.Nothing if not .極其，非常 She is nothing if not polite .她極其有禮貌 He is nothing if not a gentleman .他是一個很有教養(yǎng)的人。,4. Not a little She was not a little surprised. 她很是吃驚 5.No more .than 同.一樣不 The new edition is no more expensive than the old edition .舊版本和新版本都不算貴。 The new edition is not more expensive than the old edition .新版本不比舊版本更貴。,6.No less .than 同.一樣 Drunken driving is no less than su