連接打印機外文翻譯

1、n 整個文檔頁邊距：上2下2；左3右2cmn 正文部分中文除標題有特別規(guī)定外均用宋體，英文用Times New Roman體。正文段落用1.3倍行間距，段前段后均0磅。定稿后請刪除所有文本框！ 本科生畢業(yè)設計（論文）外文資料譯文（ 2016 屆）論文題目計算機網絡在線題庫系統(tǒng)研究及實現學生模塊學生姓名丁雨薇學號2012211849專業(yè)計算機科學與技術班級計算機123指導教師王偉坤職稱高級工程師杭州國際服務工程學院教學部第14頁 共4頁杭州師范大學 杭州國際服務工程學院本科生畢業(yè)設計（論文）外文翻譯外文資料譯文規(guī)范說明一、譯文文本要求1外文譯文不少于3000漢字；2外文譯文本文格式參照論文正文規(guī)

2、范（標題、字體、字號、圖表、原文信息等）；3外文原文資料信息列文末，對應于論文正文的參考文獻部分，標題用“外文原文資料信息”，內容包括：1）外文原文作者；2）書名或論文題目；3）外文原文來源：出版社或刊物名稱、出版時間或刊號、譯文部分所在頁碼網頁地址二、外文原文資料（電子文本或數字化后的圖片）：1外文原文不少于10000印刷字符（圖表等除外）；2外文原文若是紙質的請數字化（圖片）后粘貼于譯文后的原文資料處，但裝訂時請用紙質原文復印件附于譯文后。導師意見請在系統(tǒng)下載并粘貼于此導師姓名和日期直接填寫上，不用手簽PS:文檔定稿后請刪除本文本框！指導教師意見：指導教師簽名： 年 月 日一、外文資料譯文

3、：一種新型的基于Web在線考試系統(tǒng)的計算機科學教育摘 要 基于Web的網上考試系統(tǒng)是一種為大眾教育的評價有效的解決方案。我們已經開發(fā)一種在線考試系統(tǒng),它是基于瀏覽器/服務器架構.該系統(tǒng)已經發(fā)布了考試和自動評級;是關于客觀的問題和操作問題，以供客觀的問題和經營問題他作為一個程序，經營的Microsoft Windows ，編輯的Microsoft Word ， Excel和PowerPoint等等。她已經成功地應用于距離評價的基本操作技能的計算機科學如過程的計算機技能，在大學和在全國范圍內考試，為高中畢業(yè)生在中國浙江省進行實行。關鍵詞：考試系統(tǒng)，自動分級系統(tǒng)，基于Web，DCOM1 引言 在中國

4、，基本電腦操作技能的教育已廣泛展開.這項技術包括經營的Windows的MS Office ，網絡技巧等等，這是結合不同的課程，以及作為電子政府的基礎?，F在，每一個本科生必須通過的計算機技能的考試.然而,每一位公務員必須通過相應的計算機操作考試過程。此外，在高中的過程中進行了計算機基礎教育。自20世紀90年代末，在浙江省成千上萬的人們開始參加不同的層次計算機教育和測試.這是非常有必要的,對于建立一個基于網絡的學習和考試系統(tǒng).它是為眾多的人民，作為一個有效的解決辦法去集體的學習和評價計算機基礎教育的。幾個基于Web的學習和測試系統(tǒng)已經被設計完，比如說WEBCT 1 ， QUIZIT 2 ， ASS

5、YST3和PILOT4。在線可以很容易使用最廣泛的問題類型的基于Web的考試制度是客觀的測試和測驗，其中承擔簡單的答案可以正式檢查和評估。典型的問題是以有/無問題，多選擇問題有限的， multiple-choice/multiple-answer問題，并填寫在的問題與一個字符串和數值答案。 5豐富類型的答案在這個系統(tǒng)中需要中年級學生或教員在這些系統(tǒng)需要手動的分級過程。此外，這些系統(tǒng)不支持的測試操作技能，例如在用戶端電腦的windows打印機設置的運作和Word編輯等等。我們的考試制度，為基本的計算機操作技能有以下特點： （1）問題的類型，它不僅包括客觀的問題，而且還經營如: Windows ，

6、MS Word文字，使用MS Excel ，上網技巧等等的問題。（2）學習和測試系統(tǒng)的目標是培養(yǎng)一個人的實用技能。因此,最好的學習方法是經營和測試在實際環(huán)境的客戶機之上。（3）這是迫切需要建立一個自動分級系統(tǒng)，以可分級經營的問題和客觀問題為目的。然而，往往是基于Web的學習和測試系統(tǒng)不能支持這樣的功能。我們已經開發(fā)了一種新型的在線考試系統(tǒng)的.它是基于利用國家的最先進的電腦技術Browser/Server framework.它是實行電腦基本操作技能考試，主要包括客觀的測試、Visual Basic編程，Microsoft Windows操作系統(tǒng)，Word ，Excel和PowerPoint的編

7、輯，互聯(lián)網和電子郵件的技術等等.他們也實施了在線自動劃分等級。2 系統(tǒng)架構 我們基于Web的考試系統(tǒng)是一個基于DCOM技術的分布式協(xié)同系統(tǒng)。它有四個主要組成部分：考試準備制度系統(tǒng)，考試制度系統(tǒng)，考試監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)和自動分級制度系統(tǒng)?？荚嚋蕚湎到y(tǒng)是用來管理的儲存，轉讓試驗編號及附表的考驗等問題。該系統(tǒng)的數據庫的組成問題是一套可能的答案,比如問題的類型和其他中繼問題。這們是收錄的幾個因素，如主題，關鍵字，復雜性和困難性等等。而其數據庫對教師是開放的，并且允許他們新增的問題和答案以模板的形式?？荚囍贫仁菫閷W生提供一個基于網絡的測試界面接口的，它之所以被叫做所謂的WOES，是以為其中包括以下主要特點：客戶端

8、控制，時間控制，安全控制和自動安裝控制。受益于DCOM技術，該系統(tǒng)可以安裝和更新本身的方便，它優(yōu)越于C / S的框架。由于該系統(tǒng)是建立在網絡上的，該系統(tǒng)的安全性問題面臨著嚴峻的挑戰(zhàn)。我們保證安全的加密技術，實時監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)和數據傳輸加密。密碼是用來驗證學生鑒定前的測試。真正的實時監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)是要求學生在電腦測試期間利用人的臉跟蹤技術保證學生不離開電腦。系統(tǒng)對傳遞的試題數據進行傳輸加密，通過網絡并以加密的形式傳送到服務器?？荚嚤O(jiān)控系統(tǒng)也是經理人考試制度，其中我們可以監(jiān)控測試加工，進行試驗編號統(tǒng)計，并收集答案等等。自動分級制度是設計的模糊匹配算法和宏觀調控的編程技術，這是經驗豐富的具有可變的問題類型。3

9、基于Web在線考試系統(tǒng)3.1 考試制度目的作為一個普遍性的考試制度，基本的電腦操作教育，它必須滿足下列要求：1.存儲一個合理的問題，必須要符合一般的考試大綱；2有兩種類型的考試界面。一個是模擬一種實用的接口，另一種是實際環(huán)境。第二個計劃，因為實際的性質的計算機技能將給予學生更大的靈活性；3.一系列的問題類型，例如客觀的問題，經營問題，設計問題，信息檢索，測試組等等；4.一種安全和可靠的考試制度。3.2 WOES的組成基于Web的在線考試系統(tǒng)（WOES）是一個多層次的系統(tǒng)組成的Web服務器，數據庫服務器， WOES的中間件服務器，WOES客戶端模塊和瀏覽器，如Internet Explorer

10、。在這個系統(tǒng)中，我們使用Internet Information Server 4.0（IIS）的作為Web服務器，數據庫服務器是Microsoft SQL Server 7.0的。核心的WOES是WOES中間件服務器和WOES的客戶端模塊，這是設計是據微軟的DCOM標準。 DCOM是二進制COM對象的延伸拔節(jié)局域網，廣域網和互聯(lián)網，例如物體在不同的網絡它可以約束。它是一種先進的網絡協(xié)議用來配合基于COM的組成部分，這兩個進程在不同的地點。該WOES中間件服務器是一個服務器端組件提供通信接口之間的WOES客戶端和Web服務器或數據庫服務器。該WOES客戶端是一個客戶端組件，就是所謂的由瀏覽器來

11、控制用戶端電腦，并提交或接收的信息從服務器的WOES。這種技術保證的靈活性和潛力，延長測試系統(tǒng)。此外，它允許訪問本地文件，而在傳統(tǒng)的系統(tǒng)，防止此類訪問，即安全。 從DCOM中受益 ，從WOES中間件服務器在互聯(lián)網上，WOES的客戶可以下載或自動更新。他們也可以從一個客戶端與其他WOES服務器溝通。該系統(tǒng)的行為像一個Agent社會，這是一個集中的代理人控制系統(tǒng)，不僅僅是WOES服務器。3.3 WOES的關鍵技術1.友好的用戶界面我們使用瀏覽器作為我們的用戶界面。該瀏覽器界面有一個統(tǒng)一和一致的用戶界面。幾乎每個人都能夠熟練地使用它。因此，它可以消除分歧，各種考試制度和保證一個公平的考驗。2.簡化系

12、統(tǒng)維護 由于該系統(tǒng)是基于瀏覽器/服務器架構，教師不僅在服務器上可以更新系統(tǒng)或數據庫的問題或研究學生的數據庫。這是沒有必要必須做更新客戶端系統(tǒng)為客戶機/服務器的事。3.中央考試管理從中央控制系統(tǒng)，老師可以輕松控制考試過程中獲利，如期初和期末考試，收集的答案和監(jiān)測學生的條件在老師的屏幕上。4.安全最嚴重的困難，其中基于B / S系統(tǒng)面臨的是安全，因為在原則上基于Web的考試制度可以訪問互聯(lián)網上或在一個城市的WAN。所有問題，材料和傳送的答案都是在比特流格式后，編碼，而不是以文件格式。在傳輸過程中，它可以不僅確保安全，而且還防止從外入侵。當一個學生開始他的測試，根據他的客戶端的硬體和作業(yè)系統(tǒng)環(huán)境，該

13、系統(tǒng)將產生一個密碼分配給他。它可以防止其他客戶登錄模仿這名學生。最新的方法是利用人臉檢測與識別技術以防止遙遠的學生離開客戶端。開始考試前，在整個現場學生坐在電腦攝像頭前可以監(jiān)控。然后，系統(tǒng)會自動承認學生的臉和鑒定。盡快審定執(zhí)行，學生必須留在攝影機前，直到考試結束。4 動分級制度自動分級系統(tǒng)可以根據分數自動分級，它有助于教師以達到評分與安心收集到資料的考試制度。有兩種類型的等級：客觀的問題和經營問題?？陀^的問題，如選擇題，是/否的問題，并填寫問題，可以有效地分級準確匹配或模糊匹配。但它是很難由簡單的匹配技術分級經營問題。一個可能的解決辦法可以是：（1）它的關鍵文件是直接和比較的讀應答文件。不過，

14、這并不可行，因為Microsoft Office格式是一個復雜的檔案。另一種解決辦法是：（2）分級使用Office的OLE對象。這種方法是方便和有效率的，但它有一個大缺點：源代碼的分級制度是密切相關的具體問題，當問題改變時，從而導致了大量工作?；A上我們是進行一個數據庫的關鍵知識進而提出一個普遍化的評級制度。首先，我們提取所有可能的知識點，并將其存儲在三重形式：（關鍵，價值，位置）。然后，我們產生，文件標記的問題，直接指向對的問題;該系統(tǒng)將添加相應的問題，關鍵是要標準的圖書館規(guī)則。因此，最后的過程中自動分級制度是比較應答文件與標準的圖書館規(guī)則。自動分級系統(tǒng)還允許教師為我們的考試制度添加他/她自

15、己的問題。5 結論我們已研制出一種整體解決方案，為實用的計算機技能的各種問題的考試制度。它提供了一個友好的用戶平臺為計算機基礎教育在大學，公務員培訓，并在全國范圍內和在浙江省高中畢業(yè)生的考試，數以十萬計的學生和教師利用這一系統(tǒng)，并認為它有效地提高了學習和測試的效率。5 參考1 WebCT，“網絡課程的收費”，http:/www.webCT.com。2 Tinoco, L., Fox, E. and Barnette, D. “基于WWW上的網上課件”，In Proceedings of the 28th SIGCSE Technical Symposium(1997), pp. 194-198

16、。3 Jackson, D., Usher, M. “使用ASSYS程序評價學生”, In Proceedings of the 28th SIGCSE Technical Symposium (1997), pp.335-339。4 Stina, B., Michael T., Stephen G., Roberto T.,“試驗：一個互動的工具，學習和分級”, SIGCSEB: SIGCSE Bulletin,2000。5 Peter Brusilovsky and Philip Miller，“基于Web的測試，遠程教育”， Proceedings of WebNet99, World

17、Conference of the WWW and Internet，Honolulu, HI, Oct. 24-30, 1999, AACE, pp. 149-1546RuiMin Shen, Yiyang Tang, Tongzhen Zhang, “智能評估系統(tǒng)在基于Web的遠程學習教育”， FIE 2001。 外文原文資料信息1 外文原文作者：Yuan Zhenming,Zhang Liang,Zhan Guohua2 外文原文所在書名或論文題目：A Novel Web-Based Online Examination System For Computer Science Educa

18、tion 3 外文原文來源：出版社或刊物名稱、出版時間或刊號、譯文部分所在頁碼：Frontiers in Education, 2003. FIE2003 33rd Annual (Volume:3 )、5-8 Nov. 2003、S3F_7 - S3F_10 網頁地址：/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?reload=true&arnumber=1265999二、外文原文資料：A Novel Web-Based Online Examination System For Computer Science EducationAbst

19、ract Web-based Examination System is an effective solution for mass education evaluation. We have developed a novel online examination system based on a Browser/Server framework which carries out the examination and auto-grading for objective questions and operating questions,such as programming,ope

20、rating Microsoft Windows,editing Microsoft Word,Excel and PowerPoint,etc. It has been successfully applied to the distance evaluation of basic operating skills of computer science,such as the course of computer skills in Universities and the nationwide examination for the high school graduates in Zh

21、ejiang Province,China. Keywords: Examination,system,Auto-grading system,Web-based,DCOM1. Introduction In China, the education for basic computer operating skills has been broadly launched. The skills include the operating of Windows, MS Office, Networking skills, etc., which are the foundation of a

22、combination of different courses, as well as of electronic-government. Now, every undergraduate must pass the course of the Computer skills, while every civil servant must pass the corresponding Computer Operating Exams. Furthermore, the basic computer education in high schools is in process. Since

23、the late 1990s, hundreds of thousands of people have taken part in different levels of computer education and testing in Zhejiang Province. It is necessary to build a Web-based learning and examination system for such a large number of people,as an effective solution to mass learning and evaluation

24、of basic computer education. Several Web-based learning and testing systems have been designed, such as WebCT1, QUIZIT2, ASSYST3, and PILOT4. The most widely used question types of the Web-based examination system are objective tests and quizzes which assume simple answers that can be formally check

25、ed and easily evaluated online. The typical questions are limited to yes/no questions, multiple -choice/singleanswer questions, multiple-choice/multiple-answer questions, and fill-in questions with a string and numeric answer.5 Richer types of answers in these systems need to be graded manually by t

26、he course graders or the instructors. In addition, these systems do not support testing operating skills, such asWindows printer setup operation and Word editing, etc. in the client computer. Our examination system for basic computer operating skills has the following characteristics: (1) The questi

27、on types include not only objective questions, but also operating questions as Windows, MS Word, MS Excel, Internet skills, etc. (2) The goal of the learning and testing system is to train the practical skills. As a result, operating and testing in the actual environment of the client machine is the

28、 best learning method. (3) It is urgent to develop an automatic grading system which can grade the operating questions as well as the objective ones. However, the previous Web-based learning and testing system cannot support such functions. We have developed a novel online examination system based o

29、n a Browser/Server framework using state-of-art computer technologies, which carries out the examinations for basic computer operating skills including objective tests, Visual Basic programming, Microsoft Windows operating , Word, Excel and PowerPoint editing, Internet and Email skills, etc. It has

30、also implemented automatic grading online. 2. System Architecture Our web-based examination system is a distributed collaborative system which is based on DCOM technology. It has four major components : the examination preparation system, the examination system, the examination monitor system and th

31、e auto-grading system. The preparation system is used to manage question storage, assign test ID and schedule the test. The question database is composed of the questions, a set of possible answers, the question types and other metadata, which are indexed by several factors, such as topics, keywords

32、, complexity and difficulty, etc. The database is open to teachers, allowing them to add questions and answers by template. The examination System is a web-based testing interface for students , called WOES , which include the following key features: client side control, time control, security contr

33、ol and auto-installation. Benefiting from DCOM technology, the system can install and update itself conveniently, better than the C/S framework. Because the system is established on the Web, the systematic security faces a severe challenge. We guarantee the security by cryptography, real-time monito

34、ring system and data transmission encryption. The cryptography is used to validate student identification before testing. The real-time monitoring system requires students not to leave the computer during the test by face tracking technology. The data transmission encryption system transmits the exa

35、mination question and result in secret form through the network to the server. The examination monitor system is also the manager of the examination system, by which we can monitor the test processing, carry out test ID statistic and collect the answers, etc. The auto-grading system is designed by t

36、he fuzzy matching algorithm and the macro programming technology, which is seasoned with variable question types. 3. Web-Based Online Examination System 3.1 The aim of the examination system As a universal examination system for the education of basic computer operation, it must meet the following r

37、equirements:6 1. A reasonable question storage, which must conform to the general outline of the exam. 2. A practical interface. There are two types of exam interfaces. One is the simulation, the other is the actual environment. The second scheme will give the student more flexibility because of the

38、 practical nature of computer skills. 3. A range of question types , such as objective questions, operating questions, design questions, information retrieval, group testing, etc. 4. A safety and reliable examination system. 3.2 The components of WOES The Web based Online Examination System (WOES) i

39、s a multi-layer system which is composed of the Web Server, Database Server, WOES middleware Server, WOES client module and Browser, such as Internet Explorer. In this system, we use the Internet Information Server 4.0(IIS) as the Web Server, the Database Server is Microsoft SQL Server 7.0. The kern

40、el of WOES is the WOES middleware Server and the WOES client module, which is designed according to Microsoft DCOM standards. DCOM is the binary COM objects extension jointing LAN, WAN and Internet, which can instance and bind objects over different network. It is an advanced network protocol used t

41、o cooperate with COM based components of two processes in different locations. The WOES middleware Server is a server-side component providing communication interfaces between WOES clients and the Web Server or Database Server. The WOES client is a client-side component which is called by the Browse

42、r to control the client computer and submit or receive information from the WOES Server. This technology guarantees the flexibility and the potential for extension of the test system. In addition, it allows access to local files, whereas in conventional systems, the IE security prevents such access

43、enefiting from DCOM, the WOES clients can be downloaded or updated automatically from WOES middleware Server on the Internet. They can also move from one client to the other and communicate with the WOES Server. The system acts like an Agent society, which is a centralized Agent system controlled by

44、 only the WOES Server. 3.3 The key technologies of WOES 1. A user-friendly interface We use browser as our users interface. The Browser interface has a uniform and consistent user interface. Almost everyone is able to use it skillfully. Therefore it can eliminate the differences of various exam syst

45、ems and guarantee a fair test. 2. Simplified system maintenance Since the system is based on Browser/Server architecture, the teacher can update the system or the question database or examine the students database only in Server. It is not necessary to update the client system as the Client/Server m

46、ust do. 3. Central examination management Profiting from the central controlled system, the teacher can easily control the examination process, such as the beginning and end of the exam, collecting the answers and monitoring the students conditions on the teachers screen. 4. Security The most severe

47、 difficulty which the B/S based system faces is security, because in principle the web-based examination system can be accessed on the Internet or WAN in a city. All the question,materials and answers are transmitted in bits stream format after encoding, not in file format. It can ensure not only se

48、curity in the transmission process, but also protect from invasion. When one student starts his test, the system will distribute him a password produced according to his clients hardware and operation system environment. It can prevent cribbers to login from other clients imitating this student. The

49、 newest method to prevent the distant student from leaving the client or is making use of face detection and recognition technology. Before the start of the exam, the student is asked to sit in front of the computer camera which can monitor the whole scene. Then the system will automatically recogni

50、ze the students face and his identification. As soon as the validation is performed, the student must stay in front of the camera until the exam is finished. 4. Auto-Grading System The auto-grading system can automatically grade theanswers, which are collected from the examination system . It helps

51、teachers to achieve the score with ease. There are two types of the grading: objective questions and operating questions. Objective questions, such as choice questions, yes/no questions, and fill-in questions, can be graded effectively by accurate matching or fuzzy matching. But it is difficult to g

52、rade operating questions by simple matching technologies. A possible solution could be: (1) Reading the answer file directly and comparing it to the key file. But this is not practical because the format of Microsoft Office files is complicated. Another solution is: (2) grading by using the Office O

53、LE object. This method is convenient and efficient, but it has a big disadvantage: the source code of the grading system is closely related to the concrete question, which results in a large amount of work when the questions are changed. We propose a universalized grading system which is carried out on the basis of a database of key know