高考英語核心動詞歸類

1、高考英語核心動詞歸類動詞是英語中最活躍的詞類，是句子的核心成分。此外，英語動詞的變化較多，形式頗為復(fù)雜，是英語學(xué)習(xí)的難點之一。歷屆高考英語試題常把動詞作為測試的重點， 在單項填空題中所占比例在50%以上。筆者通過對近十年來的高考英語試題進(jìn)行分析，歸納常考動詞十五類，供大家參考。一、連系動詞類連系動詞按其所表示的意義可分為以下四種：1變化類 表事物發(fā)展變化的過程，如become，go，turn，grow，get，fall等。2感覺類 表人體部位的感受，如feel，smell，taste，look，sound等。3狀態(tài)類 表事物所處的狀態(tài)，如keep，come，run，remain，stand，l

2、ie，stay，prove等。4外表特征類 表外表給人的印象，如appear，seem，look等。連系動詞的作用是后接形容詞或相當(dāng)于形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)作表語。除了少數(shù)幾個(如feel，get，become，grow等)外，不用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)和被動結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：The mixture is tasted terrible. (誤)The mixture tastes terrible (正)Jim pretended to be falling asleep when his mother came in. (誤)Jim pretended to fall/be sleep when his mother

3、 came in. (正)Im feeling much better than ever before.It was getting darker and darker. Besides, a cold rain began to fall.【高考例題】(1)NMET1994Do you like the material?Yes, it _ very soft.A.is feelingB.feltC.feelsD.is felt(2) NMET2003Why dont you put the meat in the fridge?It will _ fresh for several da

4、ys.A.be stayedB.stayC.be stayingD.have stayed(3) 2004春上海The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing.A.seat B.seatingC.seatedD.to be seating(4) 2002北京Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may _ run over by a car.A.have B.get C.becom

5、e D.passed(5)2004天津Happy birthday, Alice. So you have _ twenty-one already.A.become B.turnedC.grownD.passed (6)2004全國Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you cant have time to _ before the party.A.get changedB.get changeC.get changingD.get to change(7)2004湖北O(jiān)n hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine

6、, she _ pale.A.gotB.changedC.wentD.appeared(8)2004上海The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt(9) 2002春上海Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health _ poor.A.proves B.remains C.maintains D.continues(10)I

7、love to go to the seaside in summer. It _ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea.A.doesB.feelsC.getsD.makes(11) 2005浙江Owe! Ive burned myself!How did you do that?I _ a hot pot.A.touchedB.keptC.feltD.heldKey:CBCBB ACBBBA二、感官動詞類?？嫉母泄賱釉~有see，watch，notice，observe，hear，feel，find，catch等。感官動詞的主要作用是后接

8、非謂語動詞的不同形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表達(dá)不同的含義。1.后接不帶to的不定式表示一個發(fā)生過或者還沒發(fā)生具體的動作。I often heard the song sung，but I have never heard you sing itWhen you go to watch the football watch，you will enjoy seeing the Chinese football team win2.后接v.-ing形式表正在進(jìn)行的動作。Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea，we let ont a shout

9、of joy.Hearing this，I felt my heart beating fast3.后接v.-ed形式表被動意義。 After his return twenty years later, he found his hometown greatly changed.Although I had learnt some English, I had never heard a word of it spoken.【高考例題】(1)NMET2000The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the ne

10、xt year.A.carry outB.carrying outC.carried outD.to carry out(2)NMET2003A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC.to smokeD.smoked(3)The missing boys were last seen _ near the river.A.playingB.to be playingC.playD.to play(4)NMET1993The salesman scolded the gir

11、l who was caught _ and let her off.A.to have stolenB.to be stealingC.to steal D.stealing(5) 2004春北京He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A.put B.to be puttingC.to put D.puttingKey: CBADD三、使役動詞類表“致使”意義的動詞稱之為使役動詞，如make，let，have，keep，leave，set，send等。使役動詞的作用是后接非謂語動詞

12、的不同形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表達(dá)不同的含義。分以下三種情況。1.make，let have等后接不帶to的不定式，表“使讓某人某物做某事”。Dont make him do it if he doesnt want toIf you have any problems，just let me know在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式須帶to，但是have不用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)中。He was made to apologize to the guest2.have，keep，leave，send，set，get等后接v.-ing形式，表持續(xù)性動作。Im sorry to keep you waiting for so

13、long.Why do you have him worrying about his lessons?3.have，keep，leave等后接v-ed形式，表被動含義。He didnt keep on asking me the time until he had had his watch repairedIll keep you informed as soon as I have the news【高考例題】(1)2004天津Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teethA.runB.runnig C.being runD.to ru

14、n(2) 2004重慶Laws that punish parents for their childrens actions against the laws get parents A.worried B.to worry C.worryingD.worry (3)2003春安徽Why did you go back to the shop?I left my friend _ there . A.waiting B.to wait C.wait D.waits (4)NMET1991It was so cold that they kept the fire _ all night. A

15、.to burnB.burnC.burningD.burned (5)NMET1989Good morning, can I help you? Id like to have this package _, madam.A.be weighedB.weighingC.weighedD.to weigh (6)NMET1991The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself.A.hearB.to hearC.hearingD.heard(7)1994上海As you have never been there hefore,

16、 Ill have someone _ you the way.A.showB.to showC.showing D.showed(8)NMET1995Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.A.learnB.to learnC.learnedD.learning(9)1999上海A computer can do only what thinking people _. A.have it doB.have it done C.have done itD.having it done(10)1998上海Mrs. Brown wa

17、s much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong.A.it B.it repairedC.repaired D.to be repaired(11)2005福建If anyone happens to drop in while Im out,_ him or her leave a messase.A.haveB.getC.askD.tellKey:BCACC DABACA四、含情感色彩的動詞這類動詞有excite，inspire，encourage，interest，satisfy，delight

18、，please，move，frighten，surprise，amaze，astonish，shock，worry，astonish，disappoint，discourage，exhaust，puzzle，tire，terrify等。情感動詞后接指人的名詞或代詞作賓語，有v.-ing和v.-ed兩種形式，在句中作賓語和表語，v.-ing形式指人，v.-ed形式則指事物。The story was so moving that everyone present was movedto tears. What disappointing result! We were all disappoin

19、ted with it.Climbing a hill was tiring and we were tired when we reached the summit.高考例題(l)2000春北京Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does _ his boss.A.servesB.satisfiesC.promisesD.supports(2)2002春NMETlm very _ vith my own cooking. It looks nice smells delicious.Mm,it do

20、es have a _ smell.A.pleasant; pleasedB.pleased; pleasedC.pleasant; pleasantD.pleased; pleasant(3) 2003春北京Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel.A.tired; boringB.tiring; boredC.tired; bored D.tiring; boring(4)2003上海It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader.A.inter

21、ested; interest B.interesting; be interestedC.interested; be interesting D.interesting; interest (5)2004春上海After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home _.A.being exhausted B.exhaustedC.exhausting D.having exhaustedKey: BDADB五、后接不定式動詞類afford, agree, choose, determine, expect, decide, le

22、arn,offer, mange, hope, want, wish, promise, refuse, fail, pretend, happen 等動詞，后跟不定式作賓語。Thank you for offering to help,but I can manage myself.He learned to ride a bieycle when he was a small boy.(1)NMET1995We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.A.having met B.meetingC.to meet D.to have

23、 met(2)NMET1992Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.A.to be takenB.to takeC.being taken D.taking(3)2004遼寧I dont know whether you happen _, but Im going to study in the U. S. A. this September.A.to be heard B.to be hearingC.to hear D.to have heard(4)NMET1989She pretended _ me when I p

24、assed by.A.not to see B.not seeingC.to not see D.having not seen(5)2001上海Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ everything.A.to tell B.to be toldC.to be telling D.to have been told(6)2005天津I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody. but the managers plan is unfair.A.to soundB.to be

25、soundedC.soundingD.to have soundedKey: CADADA六、后邊v.-ing形式動詞類該類動詞?？嫉挠衋ppreciate, avoid, bear, consider, dislike, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, hate, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, postphone, resist, risk, stand, suggest等。這些動詞須接v.-ing形式作賓語。例如：I dont mind wailing, but Ive got to stand in the cold

26、 wind.Have you considered making some necessary changes to your plan?Only by practising speaking English every, day can you expect to improve your spoken English.【高考例題】(1) I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.A.you to call B.you callC.your calling D.youre calling(2)1996上海While shopping, people s

27、ometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.A.to persuade B.persuadingC.being persuaded D.be persuaded(3)1992上海He has always insisted on his _ Dr. turner instead of Mr. Turner.A.been calledB.calledC.being called D.having called(4)2004上海I really appreciate _ to relax with you on

28、this nice island.A.to have had timeB.having timeC.to have time D.to having time(5)1994上海Do you mind _ alone at home?A.Jane leaving B.Jane having leftC.Janes being left D.Jane to be left(6)NMET1991I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A.sailB.to sailC.sailing D.to have s

29、ailedKey: CBCBCC七、后接不定式與v.-ing形式意義不同動詞類remember，try，regret，mean forget，stop，go on，cant help等后接不定式與v.-ing形式作賓語，表達(dá)含義不同。見下表：動詞接動名詞作賓語接不定式作賓語remember過去發(fā)生的動作將來的動作try嘗試做某事努力做某事regret對做過的事表示后悔對要做的事表示遺憾mean意味著做某事企圖（打算）做某事cant help禁不住做某事不能幫助做某事go on繼續(xù)做未完成的事情做完一件事后，接著做另一件事forget忘記以前曾做過某事忘記做某事stop中斷正在做的事情中斷正在做

30、的事，去做別的事例如：I remember being pad，but Ive forgotten the exactamountPlease remember to send me a photo of your son the next time you write to me.I dont really mean to work here，which means leaving the job soon afterwards.【高考例題】（1）NMET1991The light in the office is still on.Oh，I forgot _.A. turning it o

31、ffB. turn it offC. to turn it offD. having turned it off （2）NMET1995You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.Well，now I regret_that.A. to doB. to be doingC. to have doneD. having done（3）1997上海She cant helpthe house because shes busy making a cakeA. to cleanB. cleaningC. cleanedD. bei

32、ng cleaned（4）NMET1992I usually go there by train.Why not_by boat for a change？A. to try goingB. trying to goC.to try and goD. try going （5）1999上海Let me tell you something about the journalists.Dont you remember_me the story yesterday?A. told B. telling Cto tellDto have told（6）NMET1992The library nee

33、ds_，but Ill have to wait until Sunday.A.cleaningB. be cleanedC. being cleanedD. clean （7）2002春上海In some parts of London，missing a bus means for another hour.A. waitingB.to wait C.waitD.to be waiting （8）NMET1990She reached the top of the hill and stopped_on a big rock by the side of the path.A. resti

34、ng B. to have restedC. rested D. to rest （9）NMET1989Go on_the other exercise after you have finished this one.A. to doB. doingC. withD. to be doing Key：BDADBAADA八、進(jìn)行時態(tài)表將來意義動詞類這類動詞一般為表位置移動或方向性動詞，如go,come，start，arrive，take，leave，move等。例如：When are you going off to for Shanghai？Mary as well as her paren

35、ts is leaving for California next month.【高考例題】（1）2001春NMETIve won a holiday for two to Florida. I_my mum.A. am takingB. have takenC. takeD. will have taken（2）1989上海What were you doing when he came to see you？I had just put on my overcoat and_visit a friend.A.leavingB.was left C.left D. was leaving（3

36、）2004天津What were you doing when Tony phoned you？I had just finished my work and _to take a shower. A. had started B.startedC. have started D. was starting Key：ADD九、主動表被動動詞類英語中有些動詞可用其主動形式表達(dá)被動含義，可分為以下三種情況：1某些實義動詞的主動形式后跟副詞表示被動意義，這類動詞有sell，wash，write，last，read，wear等。這種“動詞副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，常表示事物內(nèi)部特有的屬性。This kind of

37、cloth washes well and lasts long.The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.Written in simple English，this article reads easily.2.某些及物動詞轉(zhuǎn)為不及物動詞后，其主動形式表示被動意義，如open(打開，營業(yè))，close(關(guān)門），shut(關(guān)閉），cut（切割），weigh（重），act（上演）等。The door wont shut.This shop opens much earlier than it used to.Eac

38、h stone weighs 2 tons.3.某些不及物動詞，如happen, occur, cost以及短語，如come out（出版）,come up（出現(xiàn)）come into being（產(chǎn)生）come to ones mind（想起），turn out（證明是），come about(發(fā)生）,break out（爆發(fā)），belong to（屬于）等，本身表被動含義，所以它們常用主動形式。The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century.

39、Suddenly an idea came to his mind.It never occurred to me to phone you.【高考例題】（1）2004全國The evening news comes on at seven oclock and_ only thirty minutes.A. keepsB. continuesC. finishesD. lasts （2）2002北京Mummy，can I put the peaches in the cupboard？No，dear. They dont_well. Put them in the fridge instea

40、dA. keepB. fitC. getD. last（3）1999上海Books of this kind _well.A sellBsellsC.are soldD.is soldKey：DAA十、虛擬語氣動詞類insist，order，command，suggest，advise，propose，ask，require, request, demand等后接引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時，謂語動詞須用“（should）動詞原形”。The guard at tht gate insisted that everyone should obey the rules.The rule requires th

41、at everyone，young or old，man or women，have his car checked once a year.【高考例題】（1）2004福建How do you_we go to Beijing for our holidays.I think wed better fly there. Its much more comfortable.A.insistB.wantC.supposeD. suggest（2）1994上海Janes pale face suggested that she_ill，and her parents suggested that s

42、he_a medical examinationA.be；should have B. was；haveC.should be；had D. was；has （3）2002上海_sent to work here?AWho do you suggestBWho do you suggest that shouldCDo you suggest who shouldDDo you suggest whom should Key：DBA十一、省略替代類believe，think，suppose，guess，hope，expect，imagine， would like（love）be afraid

43、等動詞用于簡略回答中，后接so來替代肯定分句，用not來替代否定分句?；蚪觮o來替代前面內(nèi)容相同的不定式，表示看法、意見、設(shè)想、打算等。例如：Do you think Norman would have lent me his car I had asked him to?Yes，I think so.Will you be able to come to my birthday party？Id love to，but Im too busy.注意: believe, think, suppose, guess等用于否定回答時，既可以說I believe( think, suppose gu

44、ess) not,也可以說I dont believe（think，suppose guess）so，但用hope，expect，be afraid作否定回答時，只能說I hope（expect） not以及Im afraid not?！靖呖祭}】（I）2000春季北京I believe weve met somewhere before.No， Ait isnt the sameBit cant be trueCI dont think soD. Id rather not（2）2003春北京The boys are not doing a good job at all，are they?

45、_.A. I guess not soB. I dont guessC. I dont guess itD. I guess not（3）NMET1994Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?_.A. I dont believeB.I dont believe itC. I believe not soD. I believe notKey：CDD十二、否定轉(zhuǎn)移類think，believe, guess，suppose，imagine，expect等動詞后接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時，從句若為否定結(jié)構(gòu)，常將否定詞not前移到主句中。I

46、dont think it is possible to learn a foreign language well without much memory workHe doesnt think Tom will make an excellent player.當(dāng)該結(jié)構(gòu)的主句主語為第一人稱時，變?yōu)榉匆庖蓡柧?，后半句的主語和謂語簡略形式應(yīng)與從句保持一致，否則與主句保持一致。例如：I dont think there is anything else I need，is there?He doesnt believe he will be able to solve the problems

47、by herself,does he?【高考例題】（1）2001上海I dont suppose anyone will volunteer，_？A. doB. dont IC. will theyD. wont they（2）2002上海Mrs. Black doesnt believe her son is able to design a digital camera,_?A. is he B. isnt he C.doesnt she D. does sheKey：CD十三、帶介詞to的動詞短語類這類短語有be（get）used to，lead to，devoteto，look for

48、ward to，stick to，object to，get down to，there is no end to等。當(dāng)它們后面出現(xiàn)動詞時，要用v.-ing形式。例如：Ive got used to driving in all kinds of weather.As soon as she returned home from abroad，she got down to preparing supper for children注意區(qū)分介詞to與不定式符號to。He used to drive on the right and now he is used to driving on th

49、e left.（used to表“過去常常”，to為不定式符號，be used to表“習(xí)慣于”，to為介詞）Im looking forward to seeing you soon.（look forward to 意思是“盼望，期待”，to為介詞。）He looked forward to see what was happening.（look forward意為“向前看”，to see是不定式作目的狀語。）【高考例題】（1）2001上海Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _some schools for poor ch

50、ildren.A. set upB. setting upC. have set upD. having set up（2）2003上海The discovery of new evidence led to_A.the thief having caughtBcatch the thiefC.the thief being caught D.the thief to be caught（3）1994上海She looks forward every spring to_the flower lined gardenA. visit B. paying a visit C. walking D. walking inKey：BCD十四、瞬間（非延續(xù)性動詞）類這類動詞常考的有g(shù)o, come, leave, start, return, begin, arrive，stop，finish，borrow，lend，open，close，die，become， break, join, marry, employ，graduate等。瞬間（非延續(xù)性動詞）表短暫性的動作，因此不可與表“段時間”的for/since短語或since從句連用。例如：He has come