B4U1grammar 主謂一致

1、主謂一致,(agreement between subject and verb),熟讀深思,My seatmate James, whose parents have been teaching1 English in Guangzhou for ten years, comes2 from the United States, which is3 one of the most developed countries in the world. He as well as his parents enjoys4 living in Guangzhou because neither Jam

2、es nor his parents find5 it difficult to adapt to the life in China. In their opinion, many a custom here is6 easy to understand and ten years is7 enough for them to get used to all the customs. I, together with James, extremely like8 English but physics seems9 rather difficult for us.,Besides, both

3、 he and I are10 very fond of reading story books, and the Arabian Nights is11 one of the most interesting books that have been read12 by us. Our class is13 united as a big family. Now the class are14 preparing for the coming sports meet, so large quantities of our recent time have been spent15on it.

4、 What we need is16 a qualified coach because being trained properly is17 of great importance. We each are all aware that each of us plays18 an important role in our class. We have decided to hold a celebration if getting a good result but when and where we are going to hold it hasnt been decided. 19

5、,語(yǔ)法概念： 主謂一致是指在英語(yǔ)中，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與_在_上保持一致。,Brainstorm： 在英文句子中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞什么 時(shí)候用單數(shù)？什么時(shí)候用復(fù)數(shù)？,主語(yǔ),人稱和數(shù),就近原則：,主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)形式 主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式,盡管主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式，但表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式由和它最接近的主語(yǔ)的形式來(lái)決定,1) Look! A girl _ (be) singing, and two boys _ (be) dancing.,2) The crowd _ (be) arguing and fighting. Dont get close to th

6、em.,3) Not only a nurse but also two doctors _ (be) fined yesterday.,is,are,are,were,三個(gè)原則： 語(yǔ)法一致：,意義/內(nèi)容一致：,1). Many a boy _ (have) made such a funny experiment.,has,2)More than one game _(be)lost.,was,語(yǔ)法一致:按主語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法形式(單復(fù)數(shù))確定謂語(yǔ)形式,歸納一：many a(許多)和 more than one (不止一個(gè))等作定語(yǔ)修飾做主語(yǔ)的單數(shù)可數(shù) 名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用_。,單數(shù),1）Li Ming

7、 and Zhang Hua _ good students.,A. am B. is C. are,2）Both the teachers and the students _ here.,A. am B. is C. are,歸納二：兩個(gè)名詞由and 連接作主語(yǔ)時(shí)， A, B表示不同的人，物或觀念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用_形式。,C,C,復(fù)數(shù),并列主語(yǔ)表示同一個(gè)概念、同一個(gè)人或同一事物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用_形式。,1) Toms teacher and friend _ Mr. Smith.,A. am B. is C. are,B,單數(shù),2) My neighbor and colleague _(lik

8、e) gardening though he is busy. 3) A needle and thread _ (be) needed to repair your shoes now.,注意: 表整體概念的并列結(jié)構(gòu)短語(yǔ)有：war and peace, iron and steel鋼鐵, bread and butter面包和黃油, a knife and fork, a needle and thread,likes,is,1).No teacher and no student_(be) in the classroom.,is,2) Each boy and each girl _ (

9、want) to serve the people in the future. 3) Every man and every woman _ (live ) peacefully. 4)Many a boy and many a girl_ (have) made such a funny experiment.,wants,lives,語(yǔ)法一致,歸納三：用 and連接的并列主語(yǔ)被each/ every/no/many a修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用_。,has,單數(shù),歸納四：不定代詞each, no one, anyone, somebody, everything, nothing或either在

10、 句中作主語(yǔ)或限定詞時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)一律用_。,1）Each of us _（have） a car. 2）Someone _ （want) to buy the house. 3）Either of them _ (want) to take a vacation.,has,wants,wants,單數(shù),The blind_(study) in special school. The sick _ (cure).,study,have been cured,歸納五： 如果主語(yǔ)由“the + 形容詞(或過(guò)去分詞)” 結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任時(shí),表示一類人、事物；謂語(yǔ)通常用_; 這類詞有:_,復(fù)數(shù),the poor,

11、 the injured， the old, the young等,Ten kilometers _ (be) a long distance. One dollar and seventy eight cents _ (be) what she has.,is,is,歸納六：表示時(shí)間、距離、金額等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作 主語(yǔ)，看作一個(gè)整體時(shí)為_(kāi)。,單數(shù),語(yǔ)法一致原則的幾個(gè)難點(diǎn),Serving people _(be) my great happiness.,When well go out for an outing _ (have ) been decided.,is,has,To be a pro

12、grammer _(be) my goal which I am trying to achieve.,is,難點(diǎn)一：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)不定式(短語(yǔ)), 動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用_。,單數(shù),1) Those who_ (want )to go should sign your names here. 2) Anyone who_ (want )to go should sign your name here.,want,wants,難點(diǎn)二：在定語(yǔ)從句中：,先行詞+who/which/that(作主語(yǔ)）引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句， 從句謂語(yǔ)與_一致。,先行詞,3)He was one of the stu

13、dents who _ （invite）at the party last night . 4) He was the only one of the students who _ （invite）at the party last night .,were invited,was invited,one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ) 從句，從句謂語(yǔ)用_。 the only one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)引導(dǎo) 的定語(yǔ)從句，從句謂語(yǔ)用_-。,復(fù)數(shù),單數(shù),Here _ (come) the bus. There _ (be) a pen and some pieces of

14、paper.,comes,1),就近原則:謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由離它最近的主語(yǔ)而定。,歸納1):由here, there等引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中, 若主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與_ 保持一致。,is,最近的主語(yǔ),就近一致,2）Neither you nor I_ wrong.,3）Not only the students but also the teacher _ (wish) for a holiday.,4) _(be) either you or he going to attend the meeting?,am,wishes,Are,歸納2):由連詞 not only . but also, n

15、eithernor ;eitheror; whetheror; not but（不是而是）;or 在句子中連接主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和_ 保持一致。,靠近它的主語(yǔ),7)A teacher with five students _ in the classroom .,B,5)A professor, rather than two doctors, _ (be) sent to help in the work. 6)No one including the teachers_ (be) allowed to use the house.,B,B,A . are B . is,歸納3)：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)

16、后面跟有 together with, with，along with, but, except, as well as, besides, including, in addition to, like, rather than 等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)按_ 而定 。,主語(yǔ)單、復(fù)數(shù),意義一致原則：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由主語(yǔ)的意義而不是形式所決定。 The police _ searching for a thief. The cattle _eating grass on the hill.,歸納一：某些名詞如people, the police, cattle(牛）等, 形式上

17、是單數(shù), 但意義上是復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。,are,are,Physics _ a very interesting subject. The news _true.,is,is,歸納二：某些名詞以s結(jié)尾如maths, politics, physics, news 等，形式復(fù)數(shù)但意義為單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用_ 。,單數(shù),Not every means _ useful. Not all means _useful. One day this white sheep_ lost.,is,are,was,歸納三：有些名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣, 作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候, 其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞_, 這一類名詞有: mea

18、ns, deer(鹿), sheep(羊), works等。,由上下文決定,His family _going out. His family _ all music lovers. Our group _ reading the newspapers.,is,are,are,歸納四：集合名詞作主語(yǔ), 動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù), 也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。主要由句子的意思決定。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用_；指其中的各個(gè)成員時(shí), 動(dòng)詞則用_。這一類常見(jiàn)的集合名詞有family, class, group, audience, crowd, team等。,單數(shù),復(fù)數(shù),意義一致原則的難點(diǎn),1) The rest of the mo

19、ney _ on the desk . 2) The rest of the books _ on the desk . A . is B . are,A,B,Part of the textbooks _(have) arrived.,have,Part of the apple _(have) been eaten up by the pig.,has,不定數(shù)量的詞:all/some/half/any/part /the rest /百分?jǐn)?shù)/分?jǐn)?shù)+ of+名詞或代詞等做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由_決定。,of后的名詞,主謂一致,主謂一致與高考,高考語(yǔ)法填空中每年必定有一題是考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的, 而謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞涉及時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣, 同時(shí)也包括主謂一致。 例1(2011年) He _ (pretend) th