河南專升本英語翻譯部分課件

1、專升本英語翻譯部分,包括英譯漢和漢譯英,大綱要求,第四部分：翻譯（Part IV Translation),共10題，考試時(shí)間為20分鐘。這一部分包括兩節(jié)。 A節(jié)（Section A）為英語譯漢語，有5題，要求將閱讀理解材料中標(biāo)號(hào)的5個(gè)畫線句子譯成漢語。本節(jié)測(cè)試目的是檢查學(xué)生對(duì)常用句型和詞語的綜合理解和運(yùn)用能力。 B節(jié)（Section B）為漢譯英，給出5個(gè)單句或包含5個(gè)句子的短文。本節(jié)的測(cè)試目的是檢查考生實(shí)際運(yùn)用語言的綜合能力,翻譯技巧,做好翻譯的關(guān)鍵在于了解英漢兩種語言的差異，把握兩種語言不同用語習(xí)慣，按照“忠實(shí)”，“通順”兩大原則，是譯文盡可能多的反映原文信息。英漢兩種語言在結(jié)構(gòu)上存在較

2、大差異。應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn),注意事項(xiàng),英語信息重點(diǎn)在前，漢語信息重點(diǎn)在后。 You will lose your chance if you dont take action right now. 如果不馬上采取行動(dòng)，你就會(huì)坐失良機(jī)。 英語多用復(fù)合長(zhǎng)句。，漢語多用簡(jiǎn)單短句。 Chilly gusts with a taste of rain in them had almost dispeopled the streets. 陣陣寒風(fēng)，帶著雨意，街上冷冷清清，幾乎沒有什么行人了,注意事項(xiàng),英語多被動(dòng)，漢語多主動(dòng) He was asked by the local government to set

3、 up an injuries center at the hospital. 當(dāng)?shù)卣笏卺t(yī)院創(chuàng)建一個(gè)創(chuàng)傷醫(yī)療中心。 英語屬靜態(tài)語言，漢語屬動(dòng)態(tài)語言 That would be the confirmation that it was in general use. 這證明它的使用是十分普遍的,英譯漢,將英語譯為漢語，需要注意兩個(gè)層面，一個(gè)詞匯，一個(gè)句法。另外，句法中著重于從句,詞匯的翻譯,詞義選擇。根據(jù)上下文關(guān)系和自身搭配，選擇正確的詞義。 It is quite another story now. 現(xiàn)在的情況完全不同了。 This story is very interesting

4、. 這個(gè)故事很有趣。 The war is becoming the most important story of this generation. 這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)將成為這代人生命中最重大的事件了,詞匯的翻譯,詞義的引申 delicate skin 嬌嫩的皮膚 delicate porcelain 精致的瓷器 delicate health 虛弱的健康 delicate stomach容易吃壞的胃,詞匯的翻譯,詞義選擇。根據(jù)上下文關(guān)系和自身搭配，選擇正確的 詞義的褒貶 注意感情色彩。 My brothers ambition is becoming a pilot. Hitlers ambitio

5、n is to conquest the world,詞匯的翻譯,詞義的轉(zhuǎn)換 英語在表達(dá)上多用名詞，形容詞，介詞，而漢語多用動(dòng)詞，副詞 The very sight of it makes me nervous 一看到他，我就感到緊張。 Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. 學(xué)習(xí)中必須進(jìn)行獨(dú)立思考。（2008.59,英文句式的翻譯,增詞法 They say her father was a worker in the small company. Maybe he was as poor as us. 聽人說，以前她的父

6、親在一個(gè)小工廠里當(dāng)工人。他那時(shí)也許和我們現(xiàn)在一樣窮。 減詞法 He put his hands into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders. 他雙手插進(jìn)口袋，然后聳了聳肩,英文句式的翻譯,調(diào)整語序 常常需要把英文中位于主要信息之后的次要信息前移。 定語前移 This is the best solution imaginable. 這是能想到的最好解決辦法。 狀語前移 He had to quit the position and went to exile, having been deprived of his power. 他被剝奪了

7、權(quán)力，只好離職，流落他鄉(xiāng),英文句式的翻譯,拆分法 They, not unexpectedly, did not respond. 他們沒有答復(fù)，這完全是意料之中的事。 融合法 We look forward to the day when the scientists can discover more secrets of the universe. 我們期待有一天科學(xué)家們能揭開更多宇宙奧秘,被動(dòng)語態(tài),譯成漢語主動(dòng)句 On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. 相反，他們的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)更豐富了。 By

8、the end of the war more than 2000 people had been saved by the organization. 到戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束時(shí)，這個(gè)組織拯救了2000多人的生命。 To explore the moons surface,rockets were launched into the space again and again. 為了探測(cè)月球表面，人們不斷向太空發(fā)射火箭。(2007.56,被動(dòng)語態(tài),譯成漢語無主句，主要用于翻譯被動(dòng)句 The use of satellite makes it possible to observe the universe

9、 much better. 利用衛(wèi)星能夠更好地觀察宇宙,被動(dòng)語態(tài),借助“被，由，讓，為，遭，加，予以，為 所” 等詞譯為漢語被動(dòng)句 Nuclear power has been known to the scientist for a long time. 核能為科學(xué)家們所認(rèn)識(shí)已經(jīng)有很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。 譯成漢語判斷句 In addition, not all the technology is based on science. 另外，并不是所有的技術(shù)都是以科學(xué)為基礎(chǔ)的,肯定與否定,有些詞匯本身帶有否定意味，例如；avoid, before, beyond,deny,escape. It was b

10、eyond his power to sign such a contract. 他無權(quán)簽訂這種合同。 (2001.65,肯定與否定,雙重否定 Its significance and importance can never be overemphasized. 關(guān)于這一點(diǎn)的意義和重要性，怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)也不為過。 特殊結(jié)構(gòu) All that glitters is not gold. 發(fā)光的不都是金子。(2003.65) Nobody is admitted without permission. 未經(jīng)允許，任何人不得入內(nèi),主語從句,主語從句包含的信息為重要信息，位于句首。 What he tol

11、d me was only half-truth. 他告訴我的只是半真半假的東西而已。（2008.58,主語從句,形式主語It 與accept,agree,argue,claim,report,say,suggest等動(dòng)詞連用，一般增補(bǔ)主語，或譯為無主句。 It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determined his character and later personality. 人們普遍認(rèn)為，孩子早年的經(jīng)歷很大程度上決定了他們的性格和未來的人品,賓語和

12、表語從句,一般直譯 I understand that he is well qualified,but I feel that he needs more experience. 我知道他很符合條件，但是我覺得他還需經(jīng)驗(yàn)。（2008.62） I regard it an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting. 能被當(dāng)選參加會(huì)議，我感帶很榮幸。 事物并不總是如其表象 Things are not always as they seem to be. （2008.63,同位語從句,同位語從句修飾的名詞例如：hope,idea suggestio

13、n,statement,She had no idea why she thought of him suddenly. 她不明白自己為什么突然想起他來。 He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again,定語從句,前置 Pollution is a pressing problem （which we must deal with right now）. 污染是我們現(xiàn)在就必須解決的一個(gè)迫切問題。（2007.60；2008.56,后置，定語太長(zhǎng)時(shí) It is he who received the letter

14、 that announced the death of your uncle 是他接到那封信，說你的叔叔去世了（2007.65,狀語從句,一般包括時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，條件，讓步，目的，結(jié)果。多位于句首。 Now all of us are here,lets start our meeting. 既然大家都到了，我們開始開會(huì)吧。 She sat behind me so that I could not see the expression on her face. 她坐在我身后，我看不到她的表情,漢譯英,方法類似于英譯漢中使用的方法,Translate Chinese into Englis

15、h,常見方法,對(duì)應(yīng)法 假如你不來，我就去看你。 If you dont come here, I will go to visit you. 改譯法 他提醒我們要注意身體 He warned us to take care of ourselves。 增譯法 不知你是否完成了任務(wù)。 I wonder whether you have finished you task. 許多商店開展買一贈(zèng)一的活動(dòng)。 Many departments provide service of “Buy One Get One Free,常見方法,省譯法 你們需要的是快速進(jìn)步，而不是慢慢的進(jìn)步。 You need r

16、apid progress, not slow. 調(diào)整順序 我能在這兒坐一會(huì)嗎？ Can I sit here for a while 好的建議，誰來提都無所謂。 If the suggestion is advisable, it does not matter who gives it. 不管晴天陰天，比賽準(zhǔn)時(shí)進(jìn)行。 Rain or shine,the match will go on time,轉(zhuǎn)換語態(tài)和正反對(duì)譯,這座橋?qū)⒃诮衲昴甑捉ǔ伞?The construction of the bridge will be completed by the end of this year. 我

17、還沒來得及攔住她，她就向大家宣布了這個(gè)消息 Before I could stop her,she shouted the news to everyone. 當(dāng)時(shí)女孩子沒有受教育的機(jī)會(huì)。 Girls were denied the chance to education at that time,常用的詞組,常用的句型,Notuntil. 句型 1.She did not go to bed until her mother came back. 她直到她媽媽回來才上床睡覺。 2.Tom did not watch TV until he finished his homework.（200

18、3.68） 3. Not until the beginning of the twentieth century did the human beings learn to prevent the disease from spreading. 直到二十世紀(jì)初，人類才學(xué)會(huì)防治疾病的傳播,It is reported/said /estimated that,It is reported that foreign insurance companies has entered into nineteen Chinese cities so far. （2007.59） 據(jù)報(bào)道，迄今為止，外國(guó)保

19、險(xiǎn)公司已打入中國(guó)19個(gè)城市。 據(jù)估計(jì)，已經(jīng)有100多萬人從這個(gè)工程中受益 Its estimated that more than 1 million people had been benefited from this project. （2005.76,It is necessary/important for sb to do sth,我們有必要了解一些英語國(guó)家和中國(guó)的文化差異。 It is necessary for us to learn/know some differences between some English speaking countries and China.

20、（2002.70） 大學(xué)生學(xué)好英語很重要。 It is important for university students to learn English well.（2003.66,比較級(jí),你練得越刻苦，你取得的進(jìn)步就越大。 The harder you practice,the greater progress you will make.（2003.70） 他在各方面都比我好 He is much better than I in every aspect. This year they have made by far greater progress in business tha

21、n they did last year. 他們今年的業(yè)務(wù)進(jìn)展比去年大得多（2008.56） The people will pay two or three times as much as they used to pay for a house. 對(duì)于同一所房子，人們將要支付的是往常支付錢數(shù)的兩三倍之多。2007.57（倍數(shù),Be likely to,The words and phrases given in this dictionary are those that are likely to be needed by every person.(2007.56) 本詞典詞條所列，

22、都是每個(gè)人極可能用得上的單詞和詞組,not.but. (no.but.,如果你想獲得成功，除了努力工作以外別無選擇。 There is no other choices but hard- working if you want to be successful(2005.77,It seems that,It seems strange that in the past ten years Mike and I might just as well have been in different worlds. 看起來很奇怪的是，在過去的十年里，麥克和我可能恰好在不同的世界里。（2008.57

23、,in spite of,In spite of differences of opinion,we share a common interest in the peace of the world. 盡管意見有分歧，我們對(duì)維護(hù)世界和平有著共同的利益,Although/ but,盡管警察懷疑這名年輕人，但沒有足夠證據(jù)證明他就是犯罪。 Although this young person is under suspicion, there is no proof to show he is the criminal.(2005.80,depend on,使我們自己的所為和所不為決定著我們的未來

24、。 Our future depends on what we ourselves should do or not do.(2007.61) 我們能否出行取決于天氣。 Our trip is dependent on the weather.(depends on )(模擬1.64,So.that,湯姆筋疲力盡，看著書竟睡著了。 Tom was so worn out that he fell asleep while reading a book,sb have the/no little chance of there is little chance of,He has no chan

25、ce of passing the examination.He never goes his lesson. 他絕沒有及格的可能，因?yàn)樗麖膩聿粡?fù)習(xí)功課。 There is little chance of our coming to business because of the big differences between our price 由于雙方價(jià)格懸殊，我們恐怕很難達(dá)成協(xié)議,Scarcely/hardlywhen剛一.就,He had scarcely handed me the letter when he asked me to read. 他把信一交給我，就叫我念給他聽。（2002.61） I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain. 我一到家天就下起雨來 Hardly had I got to the bus stop when the bus started,Everyt