主語(yǔ)從句講解及練習(xí)ppt課件

1、Subject Clauses主語(yǔ)從句,一、名詞性從句的相關(guān)概念 二、名詞性從句的種類： 、主語(yǔ)從句 1、主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞： 2、主語(yǔ)從句的規(guī)律： 3、主語(yǔ)從句試題集錦： 、賓語(yǔ)從句 、表語(yǔ)從句 、同位語(yǔ)從句 三、課堂練習(xí),句子的成分,問(wèn)】什么是句子成分？英語(yǔ)句子包含哪些成分？ 【答】組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等。 【問(wèn)】各成分在句中的作用如何？分別由哪些詞及短語(yǔ)充當(dāng),名詞 代詞 形容詞 數(shù)詞 動(dòng)詞 副詞 介詞 連詞 感嘆詞 冠詞,表示數(shù)目或順序 連接詞與詞或句與句的作用 用來(lái)限制名詞的意義 表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) 名詞、代詞其他詞之間的關(guān)系

2、 表示人或事物的特征或性狀 表示強(qiáng)烈的感情 代替名詞、數(shù)詞等 表示動(dòng)作的特征或性狀特征 表示人或事物的名稱,一.名詞性從句的相關(guān)概念,1.名詞： 表示人或事物的名稱的詞叫名詞。 2.名詞的句法作用： 名詞在句中主要作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。另外還可以作定語(yǔ)。 3.名詞性從句： 在英語(yǔ)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，本來(lái)該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)，由一個(gè)句子來(lái)充當(dāng)，這個(gè)句子就叫名詞性從句,4.名詞性從句的種類： 根據(jù)名詞性從句在句子中所充當(dāng)?shù)牟煌煞?名詞性從句可以分為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。 5.主語(yǔ)從句： 在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的名詞性從句,一.名詞性從句的相關(guān)概念,定義： 用作主

3、語(yǔ)的從句叫主語(yǔ)從句，它是名詞 性從句之一。 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有： 從屬連詞: that, whether； 連接代詞: who (whoever), whom, whose, what (whatever)和which (whichever)； 連接副詞: when, where, how和why,1).從屬連詞,1）從屬連詞：that， whether 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句只起引導(dǎo)作用，在主語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，that本身無(wú)實(shí)際意義，但不能省略. whether意為“是否”，放在句首句末皆可,That price will go up is certain. That he will com

4、e is certain. Whether we go by train or by boat makes no difference. Whetherhellcomehereisntclear,2).連接代詞: who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever,whatever, whichever,例: (1).It is clear who is afraid of having a change in land ownership. (2).Whose bag it is can not be told. (3).What India needs is a

5、law to make land ownership fairer. (4).It is not yet decided which cash crop will be produced next year. (5).Whatever he said was right. (6).Whoever goes there must get ready by 6 oclock,3).連接副詞: when, where, why, how, how many, how much ,how long, how soon, how often,例:(1).When well start tomorrow

6、will be told soon. (2).Where we can buy oxen is something we need to find out. (3).Why he came here is not known. (4).How we can protect the grain from damp needs to be discussed. (5).How many people died from starvation that year will never be known. (6).How often hell go to see his grandmother dep

7、ends on the time he can spare,主語(yǔ)從句后置： 1. 為了避免主語(yǔ)冗長(zhǎng),句子頭重腳輕,經(jīng)常用 it 作 形式主語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)從句放在后面作真正的主語(yǔ). 例: That we shall be late is certain. - Its certain that we shall be late. 1. That the earth is round is known to all. - 2. That you missed the chance is a pity.,It is a pity that you missed the chance,Its known to

8、 all that the earth is round,1). It + be + 形容詞 + that 從句,2. 用it 作形式主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu),obvious,true,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable等等) 如,Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinher exam,2）.It + be + 名詞詞組 + that 從句,anhonour,afact,apity等等）如,Itsapitythatwecantgo there with you,3). It + be + 過(guò)去

9、分詞 + that 從句,4). It + 不及物動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ) + that 從句,ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing,IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday. Itdoesntmatterwhethershewillcomeornot,said,reported,thought,expected,decided, announced,etc。） 如,seem, happen, doesntmatter, turn out等等) 如,1）主語(yǔ)從句在句首時(shí)，必須由連接詞引導(dǎo)，不能省略這些連接詞,誤：They should like ea

10、ch other is natural,2)如果主語(yǔ)從句放在句首，表示“是否”講時(shí)，不能用if引導(dǎo)，只能用whether;，但是如果用it 做形式主語(yǔ)，而把主語(yǔ)從句放在句末時(shí)，也可以用if引導(dǎo),誤：If Mary really heard him is really doubtful,注 意,正： That they should like each other is natural. It is natural that they should like each other,正：Whether Mary really heard him is really doubtful. It was

11、 doubtful if Mary really heard him,What you left are only several old books. What you said is of great importance,3）主語(yǔ)從句中用陳述語(yǔ)序,后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù),4）“what”引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞： 常與其后的名詞作表語(yǔ)一致 ，且根據(jù)句子的語(yǔ)境而定。 eg,5) . 用于 It is important / natural / necessary / impossible that.句型中, 主語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣, 用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”的形式, shou

12、ld有時(shí)可以省略。 6) . 在 It + be + suggested/advised/ordered/requested/ insisted/required 中, that從句的謂語(yǔ)也應(yīng)該用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”的形式, should有時(shí)可以省略,總結(jié),規(guī)律一、主語(yǔ)從句一律用陳述語(yǔ)序，即主語(yǔ)在前，謂語(yǔ)在后。 規(guī)律二、連詞that 在從句中無(wú)實(shí)際意義，但不能省略。 規(guī)律三、whether 可以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，放在句首，但if不能 規(guī)律四、主語(yǔ)從句中的連詞不能重疊使用。 規(guī)律五、含主語(yǔ)從句的主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)第三人稱形式。 規(guī)律六、what 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，可根據(jù)表語(yǔ)決定主句動(dòng)詞的單

13、復(fù)數(shù)形式。 規(guī)律七、主語(yǔ)從句為了避免頭重腳輕現(xiàn)象，用 it 做形式主語(yǔ)，而把從 句放在后面,Make sentences,Its certain that we will be late,That well be late is certain,We dont know whether he is coming or not,Whether he is coming is not known,We dont know what he wants to tell us,What he wants to tell us is not known,When you will come back do

14、esnt matter,It doesnt matter when you will come back,作業(yè)：漢譯英。 用兩個(gè)方式來(lái)翻譯,中國(guó)作家莫言獲得了諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)是個(gè)好消息。 一個(gè)學(xué)生去學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是很重要的。 據(jù)報(bào)道中國(guó)作家莫言獲得了諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。 地球圍著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)是個(gè)常識(shí),answers,It is a good news that Chinese writer Moyan gets the Nobel Prize in literature. That Chinese writer Moyan gets the Nobel Prize in literature is a good n

15、ews. It is important that a student learns English well. That a student learns English well is important. It is reported that Chinese writer Moyan got the Nobel Prize in literature. Chinese writer Moyan got the Nobel Prize in literature was reported. The earth moves around the sun is a common knowle

16、dge. It is a common knowledge that the earth moves around the sun,Complete the sentences using what, whether, where, when， who, why, how or that,1.(_ is needed for success) is your hard work,3.(_ we will go tomorrow )hasnt been decided yet,2.(_ they will arrive )has been told to the teacher,4.(_ can

17、 join in the sport meet) is decided by the teacher,5.(_ it will rain or not) is not clear,What,When/How,Where/whether,Who,Whether,主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式,Conclusion,_ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How,2. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather .

18、 A If B Whether C That D Where,3._ is known to us all that America is a developed country . A Which B As C What D It,4. Its known to us all _ a form of energy . A. water is B. that water is C. is water D. that water to 5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. whether B. that C. what D. when 6.What I say and think _ n