理解句子、段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系ppt課件

1、理解句子、段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系,邏輯思維能力運(yùn)用到對(duì)文章的深層理解過(guò)程。這需要對(duì)種種邏輯概念有一定的知識(shí)積累。一般要根據(jù)事實(shí)、現(xiàn)象或常識(shí)，而后進(jìn)行本質(zhì)比較和分析進(jìn)行邏輯推理。要搞清常見(jiàn)的邏輯關(guān)系。從上下文中看出語(yǔ)意發(fā)展的路徑。邏輯思維的方向主要指：并列、遞進(jìn)、因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、反正、比較、對(duì)照、例證、結(jié)論等。文章的邏輯性體現(xiàn)在結(jié)構(gòu)上層次分明，語(yǔ)意上連貫通順，前后呼應(yīng),邏輯分析的細(xì)節(jié),1主次關(guān)系與要義提煉 2事實(shí)與邏輯推斷：因果、順序、正反、對(duì)應(yīng)、并列、遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步、例舉、條件、。 3. 立論與解釋和說(shuō)明 4比較與對(duì)照 5例證與結(jié)論 6主題與支撐 7包容與被包容 8總體與具體 9前提與結(jié)論的呼應(yīng)關(guān)系

2、,注意尋找邏輯銜接詞語(yǔ),1。并列與遞進(jìn)：also, in addition,whats more, moreover, likewise, similarly, 2。轉(zhuǎn)折：however, on the contrary, instead of, 3。因果：due to, therefore, as a result, 2?？隙ê头穸ǎ篶ertainly, never,instead, 3。讓步與條件：although,unless, as long as, 4。時(shí)間與空間：while, until,afterwards, 5。順序推展：first of all, then, finally,

3、 6。列舉說(shuō)明：for instanced, for example, such as, 8?？偨Y(jié)概括：generally speaking, in conclusion,注意對(duì)句子概念的理解,1。 要搞清楚7句話所表達(dá)的方向： 哪個(gè)是核心句？ 哪個(gè)是上下文過(guò)渡句？ 哪個(gè)是總結(jié)性句子？ 句子所處什么位置？ 2。要在文中迅速找到對(duì)應(yīng)部分 3。要把握短文內(nèi)容的整體理解 4。要積累不同文體表述特點(diǎn) 5。要小心：搞錯(cuò)一個(gè)，等于錯(cuò)掉兩個(gè),2009全國(guó)高考寧夏、海南試題,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 Getting your children to s

4、tudy can be a little like getting them to eat their vegetables. 1 Make a study time and have it at the same time every day. This will help your kids to learn to schedule their day and will give them a sense of control over how they spend their time. Allow them to study in blocks of time, such as for

5、 half an hour with a five-minute break in the middle. 2 Ideal (理想的) study times are after dinner or right after school before dinner,Never allow your children to study in front of the television, as that will encourage passive activity. 3 . Youll also need to help your kids find the right place to s

6、tudy. After youre set up a good study time for little learners, set up a good place where they can get those creative juices flowing. 4 . Make sure there is a table or a desk and a comfortable chair. 5 . This includes helping them out with their homework sometimes and being there for them with the a

7、nswer to any questions. The input you give your children during study periods will help form a bond and help make studying enjoyable,Pick a place where your children can study properly. Hold them to the schedule they create for themselves. Finally, spend time with your kids when theyre studying. Kee

8、p the atmosphere light and offer lots of encouragement, too. Instead, use TV as a treat or a reward when the homework is completed. Try to stop this bad habit by offering some sort or reward. One of the best ways to form good study habits for your kids is to design a schedule that they keep to,答案：1.

9、 G 2. B 3. E 4. A 5. C,判斷方法： 下文一般都是對(duì)上文的解釋和說(shuō)明；或前后呼應(yīng)。 G 上句為題干：One of the best ways to form good study habits for your kids is to design a schedule that they keep to. 養(yǎng)成孩子好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣最好的方法之一就是設(shè)計(jì)他們要堅(jiān)持的時(shí)間表。 接下來(lái)的一句：Make a study time and have it at the same time every day. 做一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間表，每天在同一時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)。 其中的關(guān)鍵詞：schedule 和 m

10、ake a study time,2. B 在題干中找上句：Hold them to the schedule they create for themselves. 堅(jiān)守他們自己創(chuàng)造的日程安排。與下句能連貫起來(lái)：Ideal study times are after dinner or right after school before dinner. 理想的學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間是飯后或放學(xué)后。 3. E 上句：Never allow your children to study in front of the television, as that will encourage passive act

11、ivity. 千萬(wàn)別讓你的孩子在電視前學(xué)習(xí)，因?yàn)槟菚?huì)加劇消極活動(dòng)。 在題干中找到下句：Instead, use TV as a treat or a reward when the homework is completed. 而是要把看電視作為做完功課的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。 其中關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)是 Instead 和 Never,_,_,4. A 看題干： Pick a place where your children can study properly. 選擇一個(gè)適合孩子讀書(shū)地方。 與下句正好呼應(yīng)的是： Make sure there is a table or a desk and a comfortab

12、le chair. 一定要有一張桌子和一把舒適的椅子,5. C 看題干： Finally, spend time with your kids when theyre studying. 孩子做功課時(shí)要和他們?cè)谝黄稹＃ㄗ鳛樽詈笠欢蔚奈淖智?，通常用Finally作為結(jié)束。） 連貫下來(lái)： This includes helping them out with their homework sometimes and being there for them with the answer to any questions. The input you give your children duri

13、ng study periods will help form a bone and help make studying enjoyable. 這包括有時(shí)要幫助孩子做作業(yè)，回答問(wèn)題。在學(xué)習(xí)期間你對(duì)孩子的傾注將有助于鞏固情感并使學(xué)習(xí)有樂(lè)趣,Getting your children to study can be a little like getting them to eat their vegetables. 1 Make a study time and have it at the same time every day. This will help your kids to le

14、arn to schedule their day and will give them a sense of control over how they spend their time,One of the best ways to form good study habits for your kids is to design a schedule that they keep to,Allow them to study in blocks of time, such as for half an hour with a five-minute break in the middle

15、. 2 Ideal (理想的) study times are after dinner or right after school before dinner,Hold them to the schedule they create for themselves,Never allow your children to study in front of the television, as that will encourage passive activity. 3,Instead, use TV as a treat or a reward when the homework is

16、completed,4 : Make sure there is a table or a desk and a comfortable chair,Pick a place where your children can study properly,5. This includes helping them out with their homework sometimes and being there for them with the answer to any questions. The input you give your children during study peri

17、ods will help form a bond and help make studying enjoyable,Finally, spend time with your kids when theyre studying,2009遼寧卷,71 Home can be a great place for children to study. Its important to provide a workspace of their own where they can read books or just write a letter to their friends,Location

18、(位置) 72 Kitchen and dining room are not so well suited for regular study, since books and pens get in the way of the day-to-day uses of those areas. Set up a place where a child can settle in and leave papers and pens at hand without having to clear everything away each night. For a child that likes

19、 being alone, set aside a corner of his bedroom, but keep it separate from things like games, music and other hobbies not related to studying,Keeping Things in Order Parents should encourage their child to spread out, but to leave it neat and orderly when it isnt using his workspace. Ownership is ve

20、ry important for self-respect. 73 The workplace should be personal, but not another part of the playroom,74 Encourage the whole family to help build a supportive environment that children need for success in school. Give them a good example of how to manage time and get things done in the right way.

21、 75 Study will be more enjoyable and effective when supported by the whole family,Attitude Is Everything. Bring Organization into Your Home. Here are several ways to choose a location. Building a Good Home Learning Environment. Hold a can-do attitude and your child will follow your example. Setting

22、up a space in a common area of your home can be a good idea for children. A child who learns to organize his space will carry organization into every corner of his life,71 Home can be a great place for children to study. Its important to provide a workspace of their own where they can read books or

23、just write a letter to their friends,根據(jù)后文：Home can be a great place for children to study. 家園是孩子們學(xué)習(xí)的理想場(chǎng)所。 D項(xiàng)：“建設(shè)一個(gè)好的家庭學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境?！?作為本文的標(biāo)題，即主旨要義,D: Building a Good Home Learning Environment,Location (位置) 72 Kitchen and dining room are not so well suited for regular study, since books and pens get in the w

24、ay of the day-to-day uses of those areas. Set up a place where a child can settle in and leave papers and pens at hand without having to clear everything away each night. For a child that likes being alone, set aside a corner of his bedroom, but keep it separate from things like games, music and oth

25、er hobbies not related to studying,_,_,安排一個(gè)固定的地方讓孩子們可以手中拿紙筆不用每晚清理,F:Setting up a space in a common area of your home can be a good idea for children,安排一個(gè)共用的地方給孩子是個(gè)好主意,Keeping Things in Order Parents should encourage their child to spread out, but to leave it neat and orderly when it isnt using his w

26、orkspace. Ownership is very important for self-respect. 73 The workplace should be personal, but not another part of the playroom,上文：家長(zhǎng)應(yīng)鼓勵(lì)孩子把東西鋪開(kāi)，還能在不用的時(shí)候擺放有序。對(duì)于自尊來(lái)說(shuō)所有權(quán)是很重要的。接下來(lái)：一個(gè)學(xué)會(huì)安排空間的孩子必將把這種條理性帶如他人生的每個(gè)角落,G: A child who learns to organize his space will carry organization into every corner of his

27、 life,_,_,74 Encourage the whole family to help build a supportive environment that children need for success in school. Give them a good example of how to manage time and get things done in the right way. 75 Study will be more enjoyable and effective when supported by the whole family,從下文知道：態(tài)度的重要性。

28、從上文知道：有“能做到”的態(tài)度，孩子會(huì)以你為榜樣,Attitude Is Everything,E. Hold a can-do attitude and your child will follow your example,2010年北京卷考試說(shuō)明樣題,Life Story of Dave Thomas Since 1989, Dave Thomas, who died of cancer at age 69 in his Fort Lauderdale home, was one of the most recognizable faces on TV. 71 “As long as i

29、t works,” he said in 1991, “Ill continue to do those commercials.” 72 “He still wont let anyone see his feet, which are out of shape because he never had proper-fitting shoes,” Wendy said in 1993. Born to a single mother, he was adopted as a baby By Rex and Auleva Thomas of Kalamazoo in Michigan. Af

30、ter Auleva died when he was 5, Thomas spent years on the road as Rex traveled around seeking construction work. “He fed me,” Thomas said, “and if I got out of line, hed beat me.,Moving out on his own at 15, Thomas worked, first as a waiter, in many restaurants. 73 “I thought if I owned a restaurant,

31、”He said, “I could eat for free.” A 1956 meeting with Harland Sanders led Thomas to a career as a Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant owner that made him a millionaire in 1968. In 1969, after breaking with Sanders, Thomas started the first Wendys Old Fashioned Hamburgers, in Columbus, Ohio, which set

32、itself apart by serving made-to-order burgers. 74,Although troubled by his own experience with adoption, Thomas, married since 1954 to Lorraine, 66, and with four grown kids besides Wendy, felt it could offer a future for other children. He started the Dave Thomas Foundation(基金會(huì)) for Adoption in 199

33、2. In 1993, Thomas, who had left school at 15, graduated from Coconut Creek High School in Florida. 75 The kids voted him Most Likely to Succeed,The Dave you saw on TV,” says friend Pat Williams, senior vice president of the Orlando Magic, “was the real Dave. He wasnt a great actor or a great speake

34、r. He was just Joe Everybody.,But he had something much better in mind. He even took Lorraine to the graduation dance party. Even though he was successful, Thomas remained troubled by his childhood. By using his experience and determination, Thomas turned the restaurants around. With 6,000 restauran

35、ts worldwide, the chain now makes $6 billion a year in sales. He appeared in more than 800 commercials for the hamburger chain named for his daughter, now 40. He dropped out of school to work full-time. This decision to drop out haunted him until he went back to school 45 years later,補(bǔ)全后看連貫,Since 19

36、89, Dave Thomas, who died of cancer at age 69 in his Fort Lauderdale home, was one of the most recognizable faces on TV. 71 “As long as it works,” he said in 1991, “Ill continue to do those commercials.,F: He appeared in more than 800 commercials for the hamburger chain named for his daughter, now 4

37、0,“He still wont let anyone see his feet, which are out of shape because he never had proper-fitting shoes,” Wendy said in 1993. Born to a single mother, he was adopted as a baby By Rex and Auleva Thomas of Kalamazoo in Michigan. After Auleva died when he was 5, Thomas spent years on the road as Rex

38、 traveled around seeking construction work. “He fed me,” Thomas said, “and if I got out of line, hed beat me.,C: Even though he was successful, Thomas remained troubled by his childhood,Moving out on his own at 15, Thomas worked, first as a waiter, in many restaurants. 73 “I thought if I owned a res

39、taurant,”He said, “I could eat for free.” A 1956 meeting with Harland Sanders led Thomas to a career as a Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant owner that made him a millionaire in 1968,A: But he had something much better in mind,In 1969, after breaking with Sanders, Thomas started the first Wendys Old

40、Fashioned Hamburgers, in Columbus, Ohio, which set itself apart by serving made-to-order burgers. 74,E: With 6,000 restaurants worldwide, the chain now makes $6 billion a year in sales,In 1993, Thomas, who had left school at 15, graduated from Coconut Creek High School in Florida. 75 The kids voted

41、him Most Likely to Succeed,B: He even took Lorraine to the graduation dance party,2010北京海淀區(qū)1月模擬題-E篇） Warren Buffett For someone who is such a successful investor, Warren Buffett comes off as a pretty ordinary guy. He was born on August 30, 1930. 71 He used to door-to-door and sell soda water. When h

42、is family moved to Washington, Buffett became a paperboy for The Washington Post. Buffett ran his five paper routes and even added magazines to round out his product offerings. While still in school, he was making $175 a month, a full-time wage for many men,72 He spent $1,200 on 40 acres of farmland

43、 in Nebraska. He and a friend also made $50 a week by placing pinball machines in barber shops. They called their venture (企業(yè)) Wilson Coin Operated Machine Co,Already a successful small-time businessman, Buffett wasnt interested in going to college but ended up at the university of Pennsylvania - hi

44、s father encouraged him to go. 73 But he was turned down in what had to be one of the worst admission decisions in Harvard history. The outcome affected Buffetts life, for he ended up attending Columbia Business School, where he studied under Professor Benjamin Graham, the father of securities analy

45、sis who provided the foundation (基礎(chǔ)) for Buffetts investment strategy,From the beginning, Buffett made his fortune from inveting. He started with all the money he had made from selling soda water, delivering papers, and operating pinball machines. Between 1950 and 1956, he grew his $9,800 to $14,000

46、. 74 And then he gradually drew in other investor through word of mouth and very attractive terms,75 He doesnt collect houses or cars or works of art, and he disdains (鄙視) companies that waste money on expensive cars, private dining rooms, and high-priced real villas. He is a creature of habit - sam

47、e house, same office, same city, same soda water,Then Buffett applied to Harvard Business School. Buffett is more likely to be found in a four-star restaurant. When he was 14, Buffett still kept great interest in investment. Even as a young child, Buffett was serious about making money. One thing is

48、 for sure about Buffett: he is happy doing what he is doing. Buffetts investment strategy mirrors his lifestyle and his overall philosophy. From there, he organized investment partnerships with his family and friends,For someone who is such a successful investor, Warren Buffett comes off as a pretty ordinary guy. He was born on August 30, 1930. 71 He used to door-to-door and sell soda water. When his family moved to Washington, Buffett became a paperboy for The Washington