基于ASP化妝品交易系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)外文翻譯

1、本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)外文翻譯譯文：ASP的起源和web標(biāo)準(zhǔn)1.ASP的起源對(duì)于ASP模式和ASP企業(yè)起源的研究可以從兩個(gè)方面入手，一個(gè)是從業(yè)務(wù)和技術(shù)的角度，從ASP業(yè)務(wù)構(gòu)成的發(fā)展歷史來進(jìn)行研究；另一個(gè)是從組織機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)展的角度，來研究目前ASP企業(yè)的由來和演化過程。將上述發(fā)展階段綜合起來，簡單的說，目前的ASP提供商的歷史和發(fā)展道路可以簡單的描述為：第一類，從過去的ISP發(fā)展起來，圍繞基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和通訊功能，與軟件廠商合作，增加業(yè)務(wù)范圍，發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在的IDC（互聯(lián)網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)中心）；第二類，過去的ISV（獨(dú)立軟件提供商）和VAR（增值服務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)售商），在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代，改變過去的營銷方式，將過去以軟件產(chǎn)品的出售為主轉(zhuǎn)

2、向以使用權(quán)租賃為主，從物理載體的打包封裝方式轉(zhuǎn)向現(xiàn)在在線和遠(yuǎn)程運(yùn)行方式為主，通過與網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)營商的合作，實(shí)現(xiàn)向ASP的轉(zhuǎn)型；第三類，傳統(tǒng)的大型組織的IT服務(wù)部門和傳統(tǒng)的咨詢公司，在對(duì)于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的深刻認(rèn)識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上，依靠長期的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，開始為其他客戶進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)方案的設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)施，通過建立在與網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)行商和應(yīng)用軟件制造商之間的聯(lián)盟關(guān)系，實(shí)現(xiàn)以系統(tǒng)集成商身份出現(xiàn)的ASP提供商。2. ASP的發(fā)展歷史與分類從目前來看，ASP作為一種模式的正式誕生和提出只是在1998年底到1999年初之間的事情。而很大程度上直到1999年末到2000年初，ASP領(lǐng)域相關(guān)公司在資本市場(chǎng)上的突出表現(xiàn)才引起了人們的廣泛關(guān)注。實(shí)際上從ASP模式

3、的內(nèi)涵和本質(zhì)上講，并不是全新的事物，而是曾經(jīng)有過的模式，在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代被賦予了新的生命力。在本節(jié)中，我們將回顧ASP產(chǎn)生發(fā)展演變的過程，以幫助更好的深入理解ASP的本質(zhì)。在最后，我們將集中介紹目前ASP領(lǐng)域內(nèi)企業(yè)從不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行劃分的情況。3. ASP模式的發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)ASP作為一個(gè)嶄新的概念，它的提出和成形不過是半年多的時(shí)間，但在美國及其它IT產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展的國家，ASP正成為主導(dǎo)電子商務(wù)未來的一種新興業(yè)務(wù)模式，ASP產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展的前提條件主要基于以下IT技術(shù)的成熟:Internet的普及：Internet逐步深入人們生活，大量的基于Web的解決方案不斷涌現(xiàn)，這些都使得遠(yuǎn)程的基于主機(jī)的應(yīng)用方案成為可能；

4、帶寬不斷增大和價(jià)格不斷下降：增長的通信性能和持續(xù)減少的帶寬費(fèi)用，使主機(jī)上的應(yīng)用程序可以通過Internet和瘦客戶機(jī)來訪問；客戶機(jī)/服務(wù)器環(huán)境下的可共享應(yīng)用：在ASP概念中的遠(yuǎn)程訪問，用戶早已經(jīng)在客戶機(jī)/服務(wù)器環(huán)境下習(xí)以為常,這使得遠(yuǎn)程訪問和共享應(yīng)用成為可接受的一種業(yè)務(wù)模式；瀏覽器成為廣泛接受的圖形界面應(yīng)用程序：瀏覽器技術(shù)的廣泛應(yīng)用及開發(fā)為基于Web的計(jì)算和瘦客戶機(jī)的計(jì)算聚集了足夠的技術(shù)及人力資源，以及良好的用戶基礎(chǔ)； 電子商務(wù)解決方案的潛力：先進(jìn)的電子商務(wù)解決方案，與ASP的概念一起分享了許多棘手的業(yè)務(wù)和技術(shù)問題，例如系統(tǒng)的安全性和可靠性。所以，電子商務(wù)的巨大動(dòng)力也在推動(dòng)ASP的前進(jìn)。4.

5、Web標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Web 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是一些規(guī)范的集合，是由 W3C 和其他的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織共同制定的，以用它來創(chuàng)建和解釋基于 Web 的內(nèi)容。這些規(guī)范是專門為了那些在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布的可向后兼容的文檔所設(shè)計(jì)，使其能夠被大多數(shù)人所訪問。一些 Web 開發(fā)人員和 Web 設(shè)計(jì)師對(duì)使用 Web 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)持抵觸態(tài)度。普遍的看法是它太難了，不管它是怎么運(yùn)作，我使用的那些軟件總會(huì)創(chuàng)建出一些不規(guī)范的代碼。.學(xué)習(xí)新的技術(shù)并放棄您所熟知的技術(shù)，這很容易引起情緒上的反感，并產(chǎn)生抵觸的情緒。然而，如果您很理智的觀察一下現(xiàn)在的形勢(shì)，將會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，通過學(xué)習(xí)和使用Web標(biāo)準(zhǔn)會(huì)得到許多好處。舉幾個(gè)例子：l 更簡易的開發(fā)與維護(hù): 使用更具有語義和結(jié)構(gòu)化的 H

6、TML，將讓您更加容易、快速的理解他人編寫的代碼。 l 與未來瀏覽器的兼容: 當(dāng)您使用已定義的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范的代碼，那么您這個(gè)向后兼容的文本就消除了不能被未來的瀏覽器識(shí)別的后患。 l 更快的網(wǎng)頁下載、讀取速度: 更少的 HTML 代碼帶來的將是更小的文件和更快的下載速度。如今的瀏覽器當(dāng)處于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模式下將比它在向下兼容模式下?lián)碛懈斓木W(wǎng)頁讀取速度。 l 更好的可訪問性: 語義化的HTML（結(jié)構(gòu)和表現(xiàn)相分離）將讓使用讀屏器以及不同的瀏覽設(shè)備的讀者都能很容易的看到內(nèi)容。 l 更高的搜索引擎排名: 內(nèi)容和表現(xiàn)的分離使內(nèi)容成為了一個(gè)文本的主體。與語義化的標(biāo)記結(jié)合會(huì)提高您在搜索引擎中的排名。 l 更好的適應(yīng)性:

7、 一個(gè)用語義化標(biāo)記的文檔可以很好的適應(yīng)于打印和其他的顯示設(shè)備（像掌上電腦和智能電話），這一切僅僅是通過鏈接不同的 CSS 文件就可以完成。你同樣可以僅僅通過編輯單獨(dú)的一個(gè)文件就完成跨站點(diǎn)般的表現(xiàn)上的轉(zhuǎn)換。 Web 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可以為網(wǎng)站的創(chuàng)建者節(jié)省時(shí)間與金錢，還可以為網(wǎng)站的瀏覽者提供一個(gè)更好的體驗(yàn)。此外，Web 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是未來的發(fā)展方向。如果你還沒有使用 Web 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，那么現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該開始動(dòng)手了，否則你會(huì)落伍的。5. 中國ASP市場(chǎng)概況2000年，中國ASP市場(chǎng)的總銷售額是3300萬美元，約占全球總銷售額的0.3%。IDC預(yù)計(jì)，2000年到2004年大中國區(qū)ASP市場(chǎng)的年平均增長率是64%，到2004年，大中

8、國區(qū)ASP市場(chǎng)的容量將達(dá)到2.43億美元。IDC認(rèn)為，中國ASP市場(chǎng)在2000年年初時(shí)開始萌芽，現(xiàn)在仍然是一個(gè)不成熟的初期市場(chǎng)，其表現(xiàn)為市場(chǎng)上存在著為數(shù)不少的中小型以應(yīng)用服務(wù)為主的公司，主要是那些傳統(tǒng)的獨(dú)立軟件開發(fā)商、系統(tǒng)集成商和.com公司。但這些公司在本身提供服務(wù)的能力和公司規(guī)模上都不具備太大的競(jìng)爭力。我國的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展在經(jīng)歷了狂熱之后，今年開始趨于理智與規(guī)范?，F(xiàn)在正是應(yīng)該總結(jié)與調(diào)整網(wǎng)站產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展道路的時(shí)候，我們?yōu)榇诵枰匦滤伎寂c認(rèn)識(shí)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)本身的特性與優(yōu)勢(shì)。其高效、簡捷、個(gè)性化、資源共享、跨越時(shí)空以及相對(duì)低廉的成本等特性，是它得以高速發(fā)展的原動(dòng)力?，F(xiàn)階段，那些以提供應(yīng)用服務(wù)為主的公司仍然面臨著

9、挑戰(zhàn)。首先，在非IT行業(yè)中，銷售應(yīng)用服務(wù)這種模式還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒有被大眾所接受，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)的傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)還沒有認(rèn)識(shí)到ASP方式可以給他們帶來利益；其次，如何將應(yīng)用程序以一種類似于整體解決方案的方式來銷售、如何制訂價(jià)格體系都是ASP廠商所面臨的重要問題; 最后，如何通過提供應(yīng)用程序服務(wù)及傳統(tǒng)的軟件銷售模式來參與競(jìng)爭，也是中國ASP們應(yīng)該認(rèn)真思考的問題。而當(dāng)前，大多數(shù)的網(wǎng)站的運(yùn)營原則與上述互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的優(yōu)勢(shì)和特性相距甚遠(yuǎn)，網(wǎng)站的操作思路似乎仍然停留在舊時(shí)代的經(jīng)營模式與經(jīng)營理念之中。但同時(shí)，中國市場(chǎng)的現(xiàn)狀是企業(yè)間競(jìng)爭不斷加劇、電子商務(wù)迅速發(fā)展以及數(shù)以千萬計(jì)的中小型企業(yè)都普遍缺乏資金和訓(xùn)練有素的職業(yè)IT人員，這些原因也

10、會(huì)促進(jìn)ASP這種模式在中國的發(fā)展。這種模式的網(wǎng)站規(guī)模也如同大型企業(yè)或大型公司，可以說麻雀雖小、五臟俱全。 相信在不久的將來，內(nèi)容制作及客戶服務(wù)將會(huì)成為網(wǎng)站的一項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵性的工作。即使在內(nèi)容制作方面，也不必使人員完全固定和集中。最新出現(xiàn)的技術(shù)已使我們可以直接在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上瞬間完成網(wǎng)頁的組織、交流、合成與移植，網(wǎng)站公司中的龐大行政與人事管理機(jī)構(gòu)將不復(fù)存在；隨著社會(huì)的進(jìn)步，人類生活將與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)息息相關(guān)，網(wǎng)站公司將不需要投入大量的人力及巨額資金進(jìn)行鋪天蓋地、推銷到戶式的宣傳；而中國企業(yè)選擇ASP廠商時(shí)重點(diǎn)考慮的因素也集中在數(shù)據(jù)安全性保證、專業(yè)IT人員的素質(zhì)等方面。同時(shí)，由于對(duì)ASP這種新的服務(wù)形式信心不足，對(duì)A

11、SP廠商信譽(yù)度的依賴也是一個(gè)相當(dāng)普遍的現(xiàn)象。排在這些因素之后的選擇因素還包括價(jià)格、實(shí)施速度和應(yīng)用程序的可擴(kuò)展性等。但是我們正在期待的，即將發(fā)展起來的ASP服務(wù)事業(yè)，將為網(wǎng)站建設(shè)提供模塊組合式的系統(tǒng)集成服務(wù)。它甚至可以使個(gè)人建立功能完善的主頁而無需涉足任何技術(shù)開發(fā)。所以網(wǎng)站運(yùn)作從此就可以擺脫龐大的技術(shù)開發(fā)與維護(hù)機(jī)構(gòu)，這是未來ASP的發(fā)展方向及市場(chǎng)的趨勢(shì)。如果我們把它說成是使未來網(wǎng)站事業(yè)全盤皆活的鑰匙，那將一點(diǎn)都不言過其實(shí)。IDC認(rèn)為，在今后的兩年中，中國的ASP市場(chǎng)會(huì)逐步走向成熟，也勢(shì)必會(huì)淘汰一批商業(yè)模式不清或本身能力較差的公司，到2003年，中國ASP市場(chǎng)將呈現(xiàn)出穩(wěn)步增長的趨勢(shì)。而協(xié)同應(yīng)用軟件

12、市場(chǎng)、垂直行業(yè)ASP市場(chǎng)、SCM 應(yīng)用軟件市場(chǎng)、CRM應(yīng)用軟件市場(chǎng)則將是在今后兩年中發(fā)展較快、擁有較多商業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)的領(lǐng)域。 原文：The developing history of ASP and Web standardsThe first. Origin of ASP The research to ASP mode and ASP enterprises origin can proceed with two respects , one to in terms of business and technology , is it carry on research to come from

13、 ASP developing history that business commit; Another one is studies the origins of ASP enterprises and evolution course at present in terms of organizations development.Whether stand up synthetically above-mentioned developing stage, to put it briefly, present ASP history and development path of pr

14、ovider can simple to describe as:The first, developed from the past ISP, rounded the infrastructure and communication function, cooperate with software manufacturer, increase the business scope, develop into the present IDC (the data centre of Internet)；The second，the past ISV (independent software

15、provider ) and VAR (the trader that resells value-added service ), at Internet age , changed the marketing way in the past , would rely mainly on sale of the software product to change direction to rely mainly on the fact that right to use is leased in the past, bale from physics carrier encapsulati

16、on way change direction and long-range operation way main fact now, through the cooperation with network operator , realize the transition to ASP；The third ，IT service departments and traditional advisory companies of traditional large- scale organization, at the foundation known deeply in Internet

17、, depend on long-term experience, is it carry on systematic design and implementation of scheme for other customer to begin, through establish in with trader who operates network and alliance relation between the application software manufacturer, realize the ASP provider that appears in the capacit

18、y of system integration trader.The second. The developing history and classification of ASP Seen from the present, ASP is as emerging and proposing formally it is only a thing from the end of 1998 to the beginning of 1999 of a kind of mode. And until from the end of 1999 to the beginning of 2000 to

19、a great extent, ASP field relevant outstanding behaviours at the capital market of Company just cause peoples extensive concern. In fact speaking from the intension and essence of ASP mode, it is not the brand-new things, but the mode that had once had, has been given the new vitality at Internet ag

20、e. During this festival, we will review the course that ASP produce development and develop, in order to help the essence of better deep understanding ASP. At the end, we will concentrate on introducing the situation which enterprises divide from different standards in ASP field at present. The thir

21、d. The development foundation of ASP mode ASP as one brand-new concept, proposition and it takes shape to be just time for more than half a year of it, but in U.S.A. and other fast-developing countries of IT industry, ASP is becoming a kind of new developing business mode of leading e-commerce in th

22、e future, main maturity based on following IT technology of precondition that ASP produces and develops: Popularization of Internet: Internet deepens peoples life progressively , a large number of solutions based on Web are emerging constantly, all these make long-range application scheme based on h

23、ost computer become possible; The bandwidth is increasing and dropping with the price constantly constantly: Communication performance and bandwidth expenses reduced continuously increased, make the application program at the host computer able to visit through Internet and tight client; Whether cli

24、ent / server can use by sharing under the environment. The remote access in ASP concept , users have already been accustomed to under the enviroment of client / the server, this make remote access and is it is it become acceptable first business mode to use to share; The browser becomes figure inter

25、face application program accepting extensively: The wide application and development of the technology of the browser have gathered enough technology and human resources for the calculation based on the calculation of Web and thin client, and good user s foundation; Potentiality of e-commerce soluti

26、on: Advanced e-commerce solution, has shared a lot of thorny business and technological question together with concept of ASP, such as systematic security and dependability. So, the enormous motive force of e-commerce is promoting the advancing of ASP.THE forth.What are web standards?Web standards a

27、re technologies, established by the W3C and other standards bodies, that are used to create and interpret web-based content. These technologies are designed to future-proof documents published on the Web and to make those documents accessible to as many people and devices as possible.Some web develo

28、pers and web designers have a resistance towards using web standards. Common arguments are Its too difficult, It works anyway, and The tools I use create invalid code.Its easy to react emotionally and build up a resistance towards learning something new and abandoning techniques you know and feel co

29、mfortable with. However, if you look at the situation logically you will see that there are many benefits to learning and using web standards. Here are a few:l Simpler development and maintenance: Using more semantic and structured HTML makes it much easier and quicker to understand code created by

30、somebody else. You will also thank yourself when you need to change something in your own code months or years after you first wrote it. l Compatibility with future web browsers: When you use defined standards and valid code you future-proof your documents by reducing the risk of future web browsers

31、 not being able to understand the code you have used. l Faster download and rendering of web pages: Using CSS for presentation tends to make HTML documents leaner, which means quicker downloads for your visitors. l Better accessibility: Semantic HTML, where structure is separated from presentation,

32、makes it easier for screen readers and alternative browsing devices to correctly interpret the content. l Better search engine rankings: The separation of content and presentation makes the content represent a larger part of the total file size. Combined with semantic markup this generally improves

33、search engine rankings. Simpler adaptation: A semantically marked up document can be easily adapted to print and alternative browsing devices, like handheld computers and cellular phones, just by linking to a different CSS file. You can also make site-wide changes to presentation by editing a single

34、 file. Using web standards saves time and money for website creators and in general provides a better experience to the websites visitors.THE fifth. China ASP markets overview In 2000, the total sales amount of China ASP market was 33 million dollars, accounted for 0.3% of global total sales amount.

35、 IDC is expected, the annual average rate of increase of the large China district ASP market will be 64% from 2000 to 2004, by 2004, the capacity of the large China district ASP market will reach 243 million dollars. China ASP market began to sprout when the beginning of 2000, remains the market for

36、 an unripe initial stage now, it show as the market store medium and small-scale specializing in using and serving Company that comes up to a large number in, it is mainly those traditional independent software developers , system integration trader and .com Company. But company these possess heavy

37、competitiveness too at ability and Company scale that itself provide service. Internet of our country develops after going through fanatically, begins to tend towards reason and norm this year. It is exactly while summarizing and adjusting websites industrys development path now, we need to think an

38、d know Internets own characteristic and advantage again for this. Its characteristics, such as high-efficient, simple and direct, individualized, resource-sharing, crossing over space-time and relatively cheap cost, etc., it is the motive power that it must use high-speed development. At the present

39、, those companies specializing in offering service of using still face the challenge. First of all, in among being IT trade, is it is it serve these kind of mode far accept by masses even to use to sell, because most traditional trades have not realized yet that ASP way can bring the interests to th

40、em; Secondly, how to sell the application program in a kind of way which is similar to the whole solution, it is all important problems that ASP manufacturers face how to make pricing system; Finally, how be through offer application program service and traditional software sell mode participate in

41、the competition, it is a question that China ASP should be pondered deeply too. And at present, the operation principles of most websites are remote from above-mentioned advantage and characteristic in Internet, the trains of thought of operation of websites seem that still stays in management mode

42、and management theory in old era. But at the same time, the current situation of the Chinese market is that the competition is being aggravated constantly among enterprises, e-commerce is developed rapidly and ten millions of small and medium enterprises all generally lack the fund and well-trained

43、job IT personnel, these reasons will promote the development in China of this kind of mode of ASP too. The scale of website of this kind of mode is like large-scale enterprises or large-scale company too, we can say although the sparrow is small, the five internal organs are available. A key job of

44、believing that in the near future , the content will be made and the customer service will become websites. Even make the respect in the content, neednt make personnel totally regular and centralized either. The most emerging technology has already made us able to finish the organization, exchange o

45、f the webpage, format and transplanting in the twinkling of an eye on Internet directly, the huge administration in websites company and personnel management organization will have passed out of existence; With the progress of the society, human life will be closely linked with Internet , website co

46、mpany is it invest a large amount of manpower and huge fund is it cover the sky and the earth , promote get households of propaganda of type to go on to need; And Chinese enterprise choose factor that ASP consider especially at the manufacturer concentrate on data security guarantee , professional I

47、T quality respect of personnel too. Meanwhile, because such new service form confidence insufficient to ASP, reliance of degree one quite general phenomenon too to ASP manufacturer prestige. Rank choice factor after the factor these include the price , implement speed and expansibility of applicatio

48、n program ,etc. also. But we are looking forward to, ASP service business that will be developed soon, will offer sectional system integration of the module service for websites construction. It can make individual set up homepage with perfect function need to set foot in any technological development even. So website operation can get rid of huge technological development and maintain organization from then on, this is the developing direction of ASP and trend of the market in the future. If we call it as making the undertaking totally all living key of websites to the future,