中國遼寧出入境檢驗(yàn)檢疫局貝類及其產(chǎn)品的食用安全法律法規(guī)和衛(wèi)生監(jiān)控體系PPT課件

1、1,Dr. Yuan Wen-Ze, 袁文澤 Director, Animal Inspection and Quarantine Division, Liaoning Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, PRC 中國遼寧出入境檢驗(yàn)檢疫局 動物檢驗(yàn)檢疫處,貝類及其產(chǎn)品的食用安全 法律法規(guī)和衛(wèi)生監(jiān)控體系 The edible safety, laws and regulations, sanitary supervision of the shellfish and their products,2,主要內(nèi)容,Main Topics,一、中國

2、貝類概況 Outline of the shellfish in China 二、貝類及其產(chǎn)品的食用安全性 The edible safety of the shellfish and their products 三、中國貝類相關(guān)法律法規(guī)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) Relevent laws, regulations and standards of the shellfish in China 四、中國出口貝類衛(wèi)生管理機(jī)構(gòu) Sanitary competent authorities of the export shellfish in China 五、出口貝類檢驗(yàn)檢疫監(jiān)督管理 Supervision mana

3、gement of inspection and quarantine for the export shellfish,3,中國是世界上最大的貝類生產(chǎn)國，年產(chǎn)量1000萬噸以上，占世界貝類生產(chǎn)總量的60%。 China is largest shellfish producer in the world, annual output of more than 10 million tons, accounting for 60% of the worlds total production of shellfish. 中國有700多個(gè)貝類品種，主要為海水貝類，包括扇貝、牡蠣、鮑魚、蛤蜊等，主

4、要分布在遼寧、山東、廣東等東部沿海地區(qū)。養(yǎng)殖與生長方式包括吊籠、底播、灘涂、礁巖、池塘等 China has more than 700 varieties of shellfish, mainly seawater shellfish, including scallops, oysters, abalone, clams, etc. which are mainly distributed in the eastern coastal regions such as Liaoning, Shandong, Guangdong,一、中國貝類概況Outline of the shellfish

5、 in China,4,一、中國貝類概況Outline of the shellfish in China,中國地圖 Map of China,5,一、中國貝類概況Outline of the shellfish in China,蝦夷扇貝 （Patinopecten yessoensis,貽貝 （Mytilus coruscus,牡蠣 （Ostreidar,魁魽 （Scapharca broughtonii,雜色蛤 （Ruditapes philippinarum,文蛤 （Meretrix lusoria,6,一、中國貝類概況Outline of the shellfish in China

6、,中國是貝類消費(fèi)大國，全球出產(chǎn)的貝類產(chǎn)品有半數(shù)以上在中國消費(fèi)。少量中國貝類還出口到其他國家和地區(qū)，包括日本、韓國、美國、澳大利亞、新西蘭等。 China is a big country of shellfish consuming, more than half of the worlds shellfish products are consumed in China. China also exports a small amount of shellfish to other countries and regions, including Japan, South Korea, th

7、e United States, Australia and New Zealand, etc. 中國養(yǎng)殖和出口貝類主要是雙殼貝類，而雙殼貝類是貝類中引起食源性疾病的主要品種，衛(wèi)生學(xué)意義重大，因此，本文著重討論雙殼貝類有關(guān)問題。 The main species of shellfish cultured and exported in China are bivalve molluscs which are the major species causing food-borne diseases and has great hygienic significance, therefore,

8、 this presentation focuses on the issues related to bivalve shellfish,7,一、中國貝類概況Outline of the shellfish in China,雙殼貝類的生理結(jié)構(gòu)：主要由貝柱（閉合肌）、中腸腺、生殖腺、外套膜、消化腺、腮等部分組成。 The physiological structure of bivalves molluscs mainly consist of Pui-chu (closing muscle), midgut gland, gonad, mantle, digestive gland, gi

9、lls and other components,8,一、中國貝類概況Outline of the shellfish in China,不同規(guī)格蝦夷扇貝的各部位重量(g) The weight (g) of various parts of patinopecten yessoensis with different specifications 規(guī)格（cm） 全貝 貝肉 中腸腺 Specifications Full shell Flesh midgut gland 小small （8-9 ） 75.5 31.6 3.6 中 medium(9-10） 91.5 39 4.5 大Large（

10、10以上） 122 52.5 6.3 注(remarks)： 全貝：帶殼扇貝 Full shell: Scallop with shell 貝肉：去殼后的全部貝肉（未包括體液） Flesh: The flesh after shelling (not including body fluids) 重量：分別為8只扇貝的平均值 Weight: an average weight of eight scallops respectively, 貝肉的重量大體為全貝的1/2，而中腸腺為貝肉重量的11-12%。 The weight of the flesh in general is 1 / 2 o

11、f the whole shellfish weight, the weight of the mid-gut gland is 11-12% of the flesh weight,9,二、貝類及其產(chǎn)品的食用安全性 The edible safety of the shellfish and their products,雙殼貝類系無選擇性濾食動物，個(gè)體移動范圍不大。食物主要為有機(jī)碎屑、硅藻、原生動物和單鞭藻類等。雙殼貝類通過過濾大量海水?dāng)z食，因此受污染的機(jī)率非常高。尤其是生活在近海及河口的貝類風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性更大。良好的養(yǎng)殖環(huán)境與水質(zhì)質(zhì)量是雙殼貝類食用安全的先決條件。 Bivalve mollusc

12、s are non-selective filter feeders, individual movement limited in a small scope, their food is mainly organic detritus, diatoms, protozoa, and single-whip algae. Bivalve molluscs intake feed through filtering a large amount of seawater, so the chances of contamination is very high. Particularly tho

13、se living in offing and estuaries have greater risk. A good aquaculturing environment and water quality are the prerequisites for edible safety of bivalve molluscs,10,貝類及其產(chǎn)品的食用安全性危害因素： （一）物理危害：貝殼雜質(zhì)、金屬異物 （二）微生物污染：細(xì)菌、病毒 （三）生物毒素：麻痹性貝類毒素、腹瀉性貝類毒素等 （四）化學(xué)危害：化學(xué)污染物、重金屬污染 Hazard factors of edible safety for t

14、he shellfish and their products: (A) Physical hazards: shell impurities, external metals (B) microbial contamination: bacteria, viruses (C) Biotoxins: PSP, DSP, etc.(D) Chemical hazards: chemical pollutants, heavy metal pollution,二、貝類及其產(chǎn)品的食用安全性 The edible safety of the shellfish and their products,1

15、1,物理危害：貝殼雜質(zhì)、金屬異物 問題來源:養(yǎng)殖、捕撈、流通、加工、制作各環(huán)節(jié)，預(yù)防較容易。 Physical hazards: shell impurities, external metal The problems are sourced from the links of culturing, catching, circulating, processing, manufacturing, etc., which are easier to prevent,一）物理危害 Physical hazards,二、貝類及其產(chǎn)品的食用安全性 The edible safety of the

16、shellfish and their products,12,微生物污染：細(xì)菌、病毒 問題主要來自養(yǎng)殖環(huán)節(jié)，其他環(huán)節(jié)如不能很好控制，也存在一定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 Microbiological contamination: bacteria, virus Hazards are mainly from culturing links, other links also exist risks if not well controlled,二）微生物污染 Microbiological contamination,二、貝類及其產(chǎn)品的食用安全性 The edible safety of the shellf

17、ish and their products,13,1、細(xì)菌：大腸桿菌、沙門氏菌、副溶血弧菌 Bacteria: E.coli, Salmonella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus,二）微生物污染 Microbiological contamination,大腸桿菌作為貝類生長海域水質(zhì)環(huán)境的主要監(jiān)測指標(biāo)廣泛被采用。 E coli. has been widely adopted as a main monitoring indicator for water quality environment of the growing area of bivalve mollusc

18、s 標(biāo)準(zhǔn) Standards ： 微生物： - 捕撈區(qū)域的分級和操作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)： - A : 46,000 Microbiology : - Classification of Harvesting Areas and standards for operation: - A : 46,000 野生扇貝除外，還適用于被囊類和腹足類動物 Exception for wild caught scallop, but also applies to tunicates and gastropods,二、貝類及其產(chǎn)品的食用安全性 The edible safety of the shellfish and

19、their products,14,1、細(xì)菌：大腸桿菌、沙門氏菌、副溶血弧菌 Bacteria: E.coli, Salmonella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus,二）微生物污染 Microbiological contamination,沙門氏菌、副溶血弧菌：對海水貝類而言，生物危害主要是沙門氏菌、副溶血型弧菌，可以引起食用者腹瀉等臨床問題。在沒有交叉污染和重復(fù)污染的前提下，只要保證較短的捕撈、運(yùn)輸時(shí)間和必要的冷鏈設(shè)施，沙門氏菌不存在大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。盡管副溶血型弧菌是嗜鹽菌，在海水中分布很廣，但是一般也不會超過100/g的限量，不足于造成食物中毒的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 Salmonella

20、, Vibrio parahaemolyticus: for seawater shellfish, the biological hazards are mainly Salmonella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus which can cause clinical problems of consumer such as diarrhea etc. In the absence of cross-contamination and repeat contamination, so long as ensure a shorter catching, transport

21、ing time and the necessary cold-chain facilities, there will not occur a great risk of Salmonella . Although Vibrio parahaemolyticus is widely distributed in seawater as a halophilic bacteria, but it generally does not exceed the limit of 100 / g which is not insufficient to cause the risks of food

22、poisoning,二、貝類及其產(chǎn)品的食用安全性 The edible safety of the shellfish and their products,15,2、病毒 Virus,二）微生物污染 Microbiological contamination,諾瓦克病毒、甲型肝炎病毒 Norovirus, Hepatitis A,二、貝類及其產(chǎn)品的食用安全性 The edible safety of the shellfish and their products,16,1、河豚毒素 TTX;tetrodotoxin 氰化鉀毒力的1000倍，0.2mg的河豚毒素可使人發(fā)生中毒癥狀，1-2mg

23、可使人致死。 The toxicity of TTX is 1000 times of that of Potassium cyanide, 0.2mg of TTX can makes people develop symptoms of poisoning ,1-2mg of TTX enable people to death,三）生物毒素 Biotoxin,二、貝類及其產(chǎn)品的食用安全性 The edible safety of the shellfish and their products,17,2、魚肉毒(ciguatera)： 熱帶或亞熱帶珊瑚礁回游的有毒魚類，毒力是河豚毒素的2

24、0倍。 ciguatera is from the toxic migration fish in tropical or subtropical coral reef, its toxicity is 20 times of that of tetrodotoxin,三）生物毒素 Biotoxin,二、貝類及其產(chǎn)品的食用安全性 The edible safety of the shellfish and their products,18,3、貝類毒素：麻痹貝毒、腹瀉貝毒、神經(jīng)貝毒、失憶貝毒 Shellfish poison: PSP, DSP, NSP, ASP 麻痹貝毒（PSP：Para

25、lytic shellfish poison) 毒素成份主要是石房蛤毒素（saxitoxin）等20余種 結(jié)構(gòu)相似的組分，與河豚毒素的毒力相當(dāng)。 麻痹貝毒是由于雙殼貝類在中腸腺蓄積A.tamarense 以及A.catenella等十幾種有毒藻形成。 麻痹貝毒的限量為4MU/g The PSP consists of more than 20 kinds of structurally similar components, mainly Saxitoxin, its toxicity is equivalent to that of tetrodotoxin. The reason of P

26、SP formation is that bivalve molluscs accumulate A.tamarense, A.catenella as well as more than 10 kinds of other toxic algae in the mid-gut gland. The maximum limit of PSP is 4MU / g,三）生物毒素 Biotoxin,A.tamarense,二、貝類及其產(chǎn)品的食用安全性 The edible safety of the shellfish and their products,19,3、貝類毒素：麻痹貝毒、腹瀉貝毒、

27、神經(jīng)貝毒、失憶貝毒 Shellfish poison: PSP, DSP, NSP, ASP 腹瀉貝毒（DSP：Diarrhetic shellfish poison) 毒素的成份主要是大田脂肪酸、扇貝毒、蝦夷扇貝毒。 毒力相當(dāng)于河豚毒素的1/16，1976年在日本的宮城縣由 紫貽貝引起的食物中毒發(fā)現(xiàn)。 由于雙殼貝類在中腸腺蓄積了D.fortii、D.acuminata等 有毒藻而形成。 腹瀉貝毒的限量為0.05MU/g。 The main ingredient of DSP are daejeon fatty acids, scallop poison, patinopecten yesso

28、ensis poison. The toxicity of DSP is equivalent to 1 / 16 that of Tetrodotoxin, this was found by food poisoning caused by Mytilus edulis in Miyagi Prefecture,Japan, 1976. The reason is that bivalve molluscs accumulate the toxic algae such as D.fortii, D.acuminata, etc. in the mid-gut gland The maxi

29、mum limit of DSP is 0.05MU / g,三）生物毒素 Biotoxin,D.fortii,二、貝類及其產(chǎn)品的食用安全性 The edible safety of the shellfish and their products,20,3、貝類毒素：麻痹貝毒、腹瀉貝毒、神經(jīng)貝毒、失憶貝毒 Shellfish poison: PSP, DSP, NSP, ASP 神經(jīng)性貝毒（NSP：Neurotoxic shellfish poison) 毒素的主要成份是短裸甲藻毒素（Breveroxin、BTX），貝類濾食了短裸甲藻（Gymnodinium breve）蓄積了毒素。 NSP

30、的限量是不得檢出。 The main ingredient of NSP is Breveroxin, shellfish accumulates the toxin through filter- feeding Gymnodinium breve. The maximum limit of NSP is zero tolerance,三）生物毒素 Biotoxin,二、貝類及其產(chǎn)品的食用安全性 The edible safety of the shellfish and their products,21,3、貝類毒素：麻痹貝毒、腹瀉貝毒、神經(jīng)貝毒、失憶貝毒 Shellfish poiso

31、n: PSP, DSP, NSP, ASP 記憶喪失性貝毒（ASP：Amnesix shellfish poison) 毒素的主要成份是軟骨藻酸（Domoic acid），貝類濾食了擬菱形藻（Diatom Pseudo-nitzschia）蓄積了毒素。 ASP的限量是DA不超過20mg/kg。 The main ingredient of ASP is Domoic acid, The shellfish accumulate the toxin through filtering the Diatom Pseudo-nitzschia. The maximum limit of ASP is

32、 that DA dont exceed 20mg/kg,三）生物毒素 Biotoxin,二、貝類及其產(chǎn)品的食用安全性 The edible safety of the shellfish and their products,22,3、貝類毒素：麻痹貝毒、腹瀉貝毒、神經(jīng)貝毒、失憶貝毒 Shellfish poison: PSP, DSP, NSP, ASP,三）生物毒素 Biotoxin,蝦夷扇貝不同部位的PSP毒性（MU/g）the PSP toxicity of different parts of Scapharca broughtonii NO. 性別 貝柱 中腸腺 外套膜 腸 腹足

33、 腮 生殖腺 (sex) (adductor) (mid-gut gland ) (mantle) (intestine) (pleopod) (gills) (gonad) 1 M 2 110 39 83 40 9 10 2 M 2 48 24 32 33 11 13 3 M 2 44 22 32 33 11 13 4 M 2 19 11 12 21 3 3 5 F 2 50 30 20 26 13 13 6 F 2 100 33 22 56 13 13 7 F 2 100 33 22 56 13 13 8 F 3 85 17 56 36 12 2 平均(mean) 2.13 69.5 26

34、.13 34.88 37.63 10.63 10 各批次各10個(gè)扇貝, 從表中可見，PSP在貝類體內(nèi)的分布是不均勻的。貝柱的PSP為2-3MU/g，小于 限量值4MU/g，而中腸腺PSP在19-110MU/g之間，其它部位含有的PSP不等，大多超過限值。 10 scallops each batch respectively. The distribution of PSP in shellfish body is uneven. The PSP concentration in adductor is 2-3MU / g which is less than the maximal limi

35、t of 4MU / g, PSP concentration in mid-gut gland is between 19-110MU / g, the PSP concentrations in other parts are different but all of them exceed maximal limit,二、貝類及其產(chǎn)品的食用安全性 The edible safety of the shellfish and their products,23,3、貝類毒素：麻痹貝毒、腹瀉貝毒、神經(jīng)貝毒、失憶貝毒 Shellfish poison: PSP, DSP, NSP, ASP,三

36、）生物毒素 Biotoxin,麻痹性貝毒的致死量(The lethal dose of PSP ) （1）貝類毒素的鼠單位（MU）：目前國際上PSP的限量值是4MU/g（相當(dāng)于80g/100g）。1MU/g為1g雙殼貝類的可食貝肉15分鐘致死20g體重老鼠的毒性； Mouse units (MU) of Shellfish poison: the current international PSP limits is 4MU / g (equivalent to 80g/100g), 1MU / g means that the toxicity of 1g edible bivalve mo

37、lluscs can cause a rat of 20g body weight to death within 15 minutes; （2）麻痹貝毒對人的致死量：以體重60計(jì)， PSP的致死量為3，000 MU。 The lethal dose of PSP : The lethal dose of PSP is 3,000 MU calculated by 60 kg body weight,二、貝類及其產(chǎn)品的食用安全性 The edible safety of the shellfish and their products,24,3、貝類毒素：麻痹貝毒、腹瀉貝毒、神經(jīng)貝毒、失憶貝毒

38、 Shellfish poison: PSP, DSP, NSP, ASP,三）生物毒素 Biotoxin,麻痹性貝毒的致死量(The lethal dose of paralytic shellfish poison) （3）如果3g的雜色蛤去殼貝肉含有16.9MU的PSP，則食用大約60個(gè)雜色蛤可達(dá)到致死量； If 3g of shelling short-necked clam flesh contains PSP 16.9MU, then consuming about 60 short-necked clam can be up to the lethal dose; （4）如按20

39、07年5月份香港食環(huán)署報(bào)告的扇貝中的麻痹貝毒為1922g/100g，則換算為鼠單位為96.1MU/g.。其致死量為31.22g, 也就是相當(dāng)于一個(gè)小貝的去殼貝肉重量； According to the report of Food and Environmental Hygiene Department of Hong Kong in May 2007, the concentration of PSP in scallop is 1922g/100g, which is equivalent to mouse units 96.1MU / g, its lethal dose is 31.2

40、2g which is equivalent to the weight of a small shelling clam,二、貝類及其產(chǎn)品的食用安全性 The edible safety of the shellfish and their products,25,3、貝類毒素：麻痹貝毒、腹瀉貝毒、神經(jīng)貝毒、失憶貝毒 Shellfish poison: PSP, DSP, NSP, ASP,三）生物毒素 Biotoxin,麻痹性貝毒的致死量 (The lethal dose of paralytic shellfish poison) （5）表3中NO.4樣品各部位的PSP合計(jì)為71MU/g

41、，如按照PSP的致死量，則食用42g去殼貝肉即可致死，相當(dāng)于1個(gè)中型扇貝（39g）；如果食用時(shí)去除了中腸腺，可食用其它部位貝肉52克，不能超過57克，相當(dāng)于1個(gè)大型扇貝；NO.1樣品各部位的PSP合計(jì)為291MU/g，如按照PSP的致死量，則食用10克的去殼貝肉可致死亡；如果食用時(shí)去除了中腸腺，其它部位貝肉的PSP為181克，則不能食用超過16克的貝肉，相當(dāng)于半個(gè)小型扇貝；The total PSP of various parts of NO.4 sample in table 3 amount to 71MU / g, in accordance with the lethal dose

42、of PSP, it will be lethal for consuming 42g shelling flesh which is equivalent to a medium-sized scallops (39g); if mid-gut gland was removed before consuming, it will be safe to consume 52g but not exceed 57g of other parts of shellfish flesh which are equivalent to a large scallops; The total PSP

43、of various parts of NO.1 sample amount to 291MU / g, in accordance with the lethal dose of PSP, it will be lethal of consuming 10g shelling flesh ; if mid-gut gland was removed before consuming, other parts of shellfish flesh is 181g, it will be safe to consume not exceeding 16g of shellfish flesh w

44、hich are equivalent to a half small scallop,二、貝類及其產(chǎn)品的食用安全性 The edible safety of the shellfish and their products,26,3、貝類毒素：麻痹貝毒、腹瀉貝毒、神經(jīng)貝毒、失憶貝毒 Shellfish poison: PSP, DSP, NSP, ASP,三）生物毒素 Biotoxin,麻痹性貝毒的致死量 (The lethal dose of paralytic shellfish poison) （6）如僅僅食用PSP毒化期的的裙邊（表3）26.13MU/g，可食用114.8g；有一定風(fēng)

45、險(xiǎn)，尤其是老幼病弱人群； If only consuming 26.13MU / g of scallop skirts during the period of PSP poisoning (Table 3), consuming 114.8g is safe; but also there exists a certain risk, especially for the young and old, sick people; （7）如食用毒化期的貝柱（表3）2.13MU/g，可食用1408.5g，幾乎無風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 If consuming 26.13MU / g of scallop add

46、uctor during the period of PSP poisoning, consuming 1408.5g is safe, there almost not exists risks,二、貝類及其產(chǎn)品的食用安全性 The edible safety of the shellfish and their products,27,四）化學(xué)危害 Chemical hazard,化學(xué)污染物：海洋石油污染 陸地農(nóng)藥污染 入?？谂盼畚廴?Chemical contaminants: Marine Oil Pollution Pesticide pollution on land sewage

47、 into the sea,二、貝類及其產(chǎn)品的食用安全性 The edible safety of the shellfish and their products,28,四）化學(xué)危害 Chemical hazard,重金屬污染：鉛、汞、鎘、銅等 來源：海洋污染、陸地污染、船舶作業(yè)污染 Heavy metal pollution: lead, mercury, cadmium,copper, etc. Source: marine pollution, land-based pollution, ship operating pollution,重金屬鎘的最大攝入量(The maximum i

48、ntake of cadmium): FAO/WHO食品添加劑專家委員會（JEFCA）評價(jià)鎘的每周耐受攝入量（Provisional tolerable weekly intakes,PTWI）維持在7g /kg.BW。 以體重60Kg計(jì)，每人每周鎘允許攝入量為420g，每人每日鎘允許攝入量為60g。 一般認(rèn)為正常膳食不會超過攝入量。 FAO / WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JEFCA) evaluated provisional tolerable weekly intakes ( PTWI) of cadmium maintained a

49、t 7g / kg.BW. Taking 60Kg body weight into account, the provisional tolerable weekly intakes of cadmium for each person is 420g, the provisional tolerable daily intakes of cadmium is 60g. It is generally believed that normal diet will not exceed tolerable intake,二、貝類及其產(chǎn)品的食用安全性 The edible safety of t

50、he shellfish and their products,29,四）化學(xué)危害 Chemical hazard,鎘的限量(The maximum limit of cadmium )： CAC （Codex Stan 193-1995,Rev 2007）關(guān)于雙殼貝類中鎘的最大限量為2mg/Kg(牡蠣和扇貝除外)。 The maximum limit of cadmium in bivalve molluscs of CAC (Codex Stan 193-1995, Rev 2007) is 2mg/Kg (except for oysters and scallops). 歐盟（1881

51、/2006/EC）關(guān)于雙殼貝類中鎘的最大限量為1mg/Kg。 The maximum limit of cadmium in bivalve molluscs of EU (1881/2006/EC) is 1mg/Kg,二、貝類及其產(chǎn)品的食用安全性 The edible safety of the shellfish and their products,30,四）化學(xué)危害 Chemical hazard,蝦夷扇貝不同部位中的鎘（ mg/kg ）Cadium in different parts of scallop 全貝（56） 去藏（32） 貝柱（18） 卵（4） 柱連籽（11） 內(nèi)藏（

52、5） Full-shell evisceration adductor roe adductor with roe gut 6.80 2.52 0.097 0.65 0.90 33.35 注：（ ）內(nèi)數(shù)字為樣品數(shù) 重金屬主要積聚在肝臟和生殖腺，帶生殖腺的雙殼貝類和不帶生殖腺的重金屬含量不同 （1881/2006/EC）。對蝦夷扇貝中不同部位的鎘含量進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，結(jié)果顯示內(nèi)臟中的 鎘含量最高為33.35mg/kg，貝柱、卵、柱連籽中的含量較低，分別為0.097、0.65、 0.90mg/kg，可符合EU（1881/2006）污染物限量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定。 Note: The figures in ( ) s

53、tand for the number of samples Heavy metals mainly accumulate in the liver and gonads, the content of heavy metals are different from bivalve molluscs with gonads to without gonads (1881/2006/EC). The survey for the cadmium content in different parts of Patinopecten yessoensis showed that the gut co

54、ntain the highest concentrations of cadium (33.35mg/kg), the adductors, roes, adductor with roe contain a lower cadium content which are 0.097,0.65,0.90 mg / kg respectively, which are in line with EU (1881/2006) requirements on Pollutant maximum limit standard,二、貝類及其產(chǎn)品的食用安全性 The edible safety of th

55、e shellfish and their products,31,五）貝類及其產(chǎn)品的食用安全性防范,來源良好的海域環(huán)境，實(shí)施有效監(jiān)測 減少中腸腺等高危部位食用 熟食或半熟食 保持完善的冷鏈運(yùn)輸，變質(zhì)勿食 Prevention of edible safety for shellfish and their products: sourcing from a good the marine environment and implementing effective monitoring reducing the consumption of mid-gut gland and other h

56、igh-risk parts cooked or semi-cooked maintaining a complete cold-chain transport and the rotten and metamorphic shellfish are not used for consuming,二、貝類及其產(chǎn)品的食用安全性 The edible safety of the shellfish and their products,32,三、中國貝類相關(guān)法律法規(guī)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) Relevent laws, regulations and standards of the shellfish in Chi

57、na,一）法律和法規(guī) Laws and regulations,中華人民共和國產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量法,中華人民共和國進(jìn)出口商品檢驗(yàn)法及其實(shí)施條例,中華人民共和國進(jìn)出境動植物檢疫法及其實(shí)施條例,中華人民共和國漁業(yè)法Fishery Law of the Peoples Republic of China,中華人民共和國食品安全法及其實(shí)施條例,Product Quality Law of the Peoples Republic of China,中華人民共和國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全法,Law of the Peoples Republic of China on Import and Export Commodity

58、 Inspection and its Implementation Regulations,Law of the Peoples Republic of China on the Entry and Exit Animal and Plant Quarantine and its Implementation Regulations,Food Safety Law of the Peoples Republic of China and its Implementation Regulations,Quality Safety Law for Agricultural Product of

59、the Peoples Republic of China,中華人民共和國海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)法,Marine Environmental Protection Law of the Peoples Republic of China,33,二）行政規(guī)章、規(guī)定 Administrational rules and provisions,出境水生動物檢驗(yàn)檢疫監(jiān)督管理辦法,出口食品生產(chǎn)企業(yè)衛(wèi)生注冊登記管理規(guī)定,進(jìn)出境水產(chǎn)品檢驗(yàn)檢疫管理辦法,進(jìn)境水生動物檢驗(yàn)檢疫監(jiān)督管理辦法,供港澳食用水生動物檢驗(yàn)檢疫監(jiān)督管理辦法 Administrative Measures of Inspection and Quara

60、ntine of Aquatic Animals for Food to Hongkong and Macol,進(jìn)出境水生動物質(zhì)量安全監(jiān)控工作規(guī)范 National monitoring standard for the Quality Safety of Aquatic Animals for Import and Export,Administrative Regulation of Sanitary Registration for Food Processing Establishment for Export,Administrative Measures of Inspection