中考英語語法非謂語動詞分詞

1、分詞 一、課堂目標(biāo) 1.掌握分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)及用法。 2.能夠辨析現(xiàn)分詞和動詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別。 3.能夠辨析現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別。 4.掌握have sb. do sth. , have sb./sth. doing sth.和have sth. done的區(qū)別 5.掌握含有現(xiàn)在分詞的重要句型。 二、 知識講解 1.分詞的構(gòu)成及句法功能 1.分詞的構(gòu)成 分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種。現(xiàn)在分詞由“動詞原形+-湩屧構(gòu)成過去分詞的基本形式是動詞原形+-ed ,但也有不規(guī)則的形式。 分詞的句法功能 2. 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)和動詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別2.接,常見的動詞如see , watch , noti

2、ce , hear , feel , have等接現(xiàn)在表示已經(jīng)完成了的或經(jīng)常性的動作,;不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ) ,表示動作正在進(jìn)行。分詞作賓補(bǔ)我聽到他正在教室里唱歌。classroom.singing in the heard I him ) “唱”這個(gè)動作正在進(jìn)行( I heard him sing in the classroom.我聽到他在教室里唱歌了。) “唱”這個(gè)動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束(I saw him going up the stairs. ) 尨我看見他正在上樓。上樓這個(gè)動作正在進(jìn)行I saw him go up the stairs. 我看見他上樓了。(“上樓 這個(gè)動作已經(jīng)完成) 1

3、,I tried to make Alice her mind but I found it difficult. Well, I saw you that when I went past. A. changed; do B. changes; doing C. change; to do D. change; doing 答案D 解析：考查非謂語動詞。make此處用作使役動詞, make sb do sth。用不帶to的不定式做賓補(bǔ)。See sb doing sth看見某人正在做某事, see sb do sth看見某人做某事的全過程。D項(xiàng)符合題意。 3.現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別 1.在語

4、態(tài)上,現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動意義,過去分詞表示被動意義。 the exploiting class 剝削階級 the exploited class被剝削階級 a box containing tea裝茶葉的盒子 the tea contained in a box裝在盒子里的茶葉 過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成,現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動作,在時(shí)間上2.的動作。 the developing country發(fā)展中國家 the developed country發(fā)達(dá)國家 the rising sun正在升起的太陽 the risen sun升起來的太陽 4. have sb. do sth.，have sb./

5、sth. doing sth.和have sth. done的區(qū)別 1.have sb. do sth.意為讓某人做某事”, have可以用let, make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具體動作,且強(qiáng)調(diào)動作已經(jīng)完成或尚未發(fā)生。 The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father. 士兵們讓這個(gè)男孩背對他的父親站著。 2.have sb./sth. doing sth.意為讓某人物- -直做某事。have可以用keep代替 ,現(xiàn)在分詞( doing)所表示的動作往往具有持續(xù)進(jìn)行的含義。 The two men had their

6、lights burning all night long. 那兩個(gè)人讓燈通宵亮著。 3.have sth. done意為“讓某事被別人做”,即ask sb. else to do sth. ,過去分詞(done)所表示的動作由他人(非主語本身)來完成,含有被動意義。 The driver had his car washed once a week.這個(gè)司機(jī)一周讓人洗一次車。 1，There is something wrong with your bike, _ ? Yes. Ill have it_ tomorrow. A. isnt it, mend B. isnt there, me

7、nded C. isnt it, mended D. isnt there, mend 答案B 解析：考查反義疑問句和被動語態(tài)。 反義疑問句要遵循前否后肯或前肯后否的原則,且陳述部分的系動詞或助動詞要與疑問部分的一致, have sth. done意為使某事被做”,根據(jù)句意可知是自行車“被修 ,故選B。 5.含現(xiàn)在分詞的幾個(gè)常見句式 1.see sb. doing sth.看見某人正在做某事。 I saw him playing basketball with his friends. 我看見他在和他的朋友們打籃球。 2.hear sb. doing sth.聽見某人正在做某事。 We hea

8、rd you quarrelling with your brother. 我們聽到你在跟你弟弟爭吵。 看著某人做某事。3.watch sb. doing sth.Mr King watched his son playing with a ball.金先生看著他的兒子玩球。 4.notice sb. doing sth.注意到某人正在做某事。 I noticed a man following the girl. 我注意到一名男子正跟著那個(gè)女孩。 5.find sb. doing sth.發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事。 We found a boy crying under the tree. 我們發(fā)

9、現(xiàn)一個(gè)男孩正在樹下哭泣。 6.catch sb. doing sth.逮住某人正在做某事。 His parents caught him playing computer games. 他父母逮住他在玩電腦游戲。 7.keep sb. doing sth.使某人不停地做某事。 He kept the students reading the whole class. 他讓學(xué)生們讀了一整堂課。 8.There be+名詞/代詞+ doing sth意為“有做某事的人或物”。 There are already robots working in factories. 已經(jīng)有在工廠里工作的機(jī)器人了

10、。. 三、方法總結(jié)1.習(xí)慣搭配法 學(xué)習(xí)非謂語動詞時(shí)，要注意哪些動詞后用動詞不定式,哪些動詞后用動名詞,同時(shí)也要注意使用非謂語動詞不同形式的句型。這樣許多問題就會迎刃而解。 1, The workers are busy_ windows to the new building these days. A. fix B. fixed C. fixing D. to fx 答案C 解析:考查非謂語動詞。be busy doing sth.意為“忙于做某事”, 故正確答案為fixing。句意為這幾天，工人們忙于修理新大樓的窗戶?！?因此選C項(xiàng)。 2, My parents dont allow me

11、 late. A.stay up B. to stay up C. stays up D. staying up 答案B 解析考查固定搭配。 allow sb to do sth表示允許某人做某事。句意:我父母不允許我熬夜。故答案為B。 2.強(qiáng)化記憶法 初中階段考查不定式、動名詞和分詞主要集中在一一些?？荚~ ,如:let , make , finish, enjoy等上面。因此,對哪些詞后跟不定式,哪些詞 將很有幫助。,后跟動名詞進(jìn)行強(qiáng)化記憶1, Richard turned off the computer after he had finished the email. A. write

12、B. to write C. writing D. wrote 答案C 解析:本題考查動詞的用法。 finish 后用動詞作賓語時(shí),應(yīng)該用doing形式。容易誤選為B選項(xiàng)。該題答案選C。 2, What would you like to do to relax yourself? I prefer_ basketball rather than magazines. A. playing; reading B. to play; to read C. play; read D. to play; read 答案D 解析：prefer to do rather than do是prefer一詞

13、的固定用法。 四，總結(jié) 五，練習(xí) on the road and was frightened. 1, The girl saw a snake D. lying C. lay B. lies A. lie 答案D強(qiáng)調(diào)看到某人做某事的整個(gè)過考查進(jìn)行時(shí)做補(bǔ)語。see sb do sth ,解析:強(qiáng)調(diào)看到正在做某事。這里是說小女孩看到一條, see sb doing sth,程 。嚇得要命。故選擇D蛇正躺在路上,( tell )the secret to him because he told it to the 2, I regretted others. telling答案解析:考查非謂語動詞

14、用法。regret doing sth后悔做某事情。根據(jù)句意,我后悔告訴他這個(gè)秘密,因?yàn)樗阉嬖V其他人了。故填: telling. 3, We forgot to set alarm clock. Lets get and leave at once. Otherwise we will be late. A. dress B. to dress C. dressing D. dressed 答案D 解析:考查非謂語。get dressed。穿上衣服。句意“我們忘記設(shè)鬧鐘了,我們趕緊穿衣服走。否則我們要遲到了故答案為D。 4, Another boy got_ ( hit ) on the

15、head with a baseball hat. 答案hit 解析:考查非謂語動詞。got hit on the head擊中頭部。 5, Mrs. Clarke has a son Bruno. A. called B. calling C. calls D. to call 答案A 解析:此題考查的是非謂語動詞。動詞的過去分詞作定語修飾名詞表被動,現(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾名詞表主動,根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)該是被叫做 ,故應(yīng)該用過去分詞,故選A。 6, The teacher explained the question again to make herself_.A. understand B. u

16、nderstood C. to be understood D. to understand 答案B 解析:此題考查非謂語動詞。make sb.+adj.是make的固定用法,意為“使某. ,動詞的過去分詞作定語表被動,由句意可知是使她自己被理解,故應(yīng)該用動詞的過去分詞,故選B。 7, Yesterday my mum had her ears_ so that she could wear earrings. A. pierce B. pierced C. piercing D. pierces 答案B 解析:此題考查的是非謂語動詞, have sth. done ,意為使某事被做”。根據(jù)句

17、意可知選B。 8, He wants to have his TV_. A. Repairing B. repaired C. to repair 答案B 解析:考查非謂語動詞用法。 have sb./sth. doing意為讓某人某物一-直做某事” ; have sth. done意為讓某事被. ;某物遭受. ; have sth. to do意為有某事要去做。句意:他讓別人幫他修電視。電視機(jī)是被修理, TV和repair之間是被動關(guān)系,用過去分詞表示被動,所以選擇答 。B案9, The TV show the Undersea World let many people see under the sea. A. called; how life was like B. called; what life was like C. was called; what was like this D. was called; what life was like 答案B 解析:考查非謂語動詞和賓語從句。called the Undersea World做后置定語, TV show和all之間是被動關(guān)系,所以用called，排除C和D。特殊疑問句做賓語時(shí)要用陳述語序。根據(jù)句意:海底的生活是什么樣子的鎖定