2019--2020年譯林版必修四Unit1advertisingGrammarandus

1、Unit 1 advertising Grammar and usage 學(xué)案直接引語 & 間接引語重難點(diǎn)提醒1. 引述別人的話時(shí)，一般采用兩種方式：一是直接引用別人的原話，把原話放在引號(hào)內(nèi)，這被稱為直接引語（direct speech;二是用自己的話加以轉(zhuǎn)述，被轉(zhuǎn) 述的話不放在引號(hào)內(nèi)，這被稱為間接引語（reported speech。間接引語在大多數(shù) 情況下是一個(gè)賓語從句。2. 直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)應(yīng)注意四個(gè)方面的變化：1）人稱的變化。 2）時(shí)態(tài)的變化。 3）句型的變化。4）指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語及方向性動(dòng)詞的變化。自主學(xué)習(xí)一、將下列直接引語轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語1. “You should

2、 be more careful next t，im”e his father said to him.His father told him that he should be more careful the next time.2. “I havetnheard from my parents these day，s ” said Mary.【答案】 Mary said that hehadntheard from her parents those days.互動(dòng)探究直接引語轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語需注意以下幾點(diǎn)：一、人稱的變化人稱變化可以遵循 “一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新 ”。1. 一“隨

3、主”。如果直接引語的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾， 變?yōu)殚g接引 語時(shí)應(yīng)與主句主語的人稱保持一致She said，“ My father will go on business tomorrow.f She said her father would go on bus in ess the n ext day.2. 二“隨賓 ”。若直接引語中有第二人稱， 變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)應(yīng)與主句中賓語的人稱 保持一致。 He said to Kate， “How is your sister now？”f He asked Kate how her sister was then.3. 第“三人稱不更新 ”

4、。若直接引語中有第三人稱， 變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)一般不需要變 化。 Mr Smith said， “His father is a good man. ”fMr Smith said his father was a good man.二、時(shí)態(tài)的變化1. 如果引述動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，間接引語中的動(dòng)詞可以保持原來的時(shí)態(tài)。She says， “I m from the USA and now is studying Chinese in Nanjing University. f She says she is from the USA and now is studying Chinese in Na

5、njing University. 2. 如果引述動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)為過去時(shí)態(tài)，間接引語中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)需要作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。 變化規(guī)則如下表：直接引語時(shí)態(tài)間接引語時(shí)態(tài) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí) 一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)She said, “ We hope scf ”She said that they hoped s（.般現(xiàn)在時(shí) f 一般過去時(shí)） She said，“ I have lost a pen. ”f She said that she had lost a pen.（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) f 過去完成時(shí)） She said，“ He

6、will go to see his friend.”f She said that he would go to see his friend.（ 般將來時(shí) f 過去將來時(shí)） 注：在以下幾種情況下，在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)一般不變化1）直接引語是客觀真理。“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the ea，rth” the teacher told us.f The teacher told us the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around

7、 the earth.2）直接引語是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。Jack said， “Joh，n where were you going when I met you in the stree？t ”f Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.3）直接引語中有具體的過去時(shí)間狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。Xiao Wang said， “I was born on April 2，0 1980. ”f Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20， 1980.4）直接引語如果是一般現(xiàn)在

8、時(shí)，表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，變?yōu)殚g接 引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。He said， “I get up at six every morning.”f He said he gets up at six every morning.三、句型的變化1. 直接引語如果是陳述句，間接引語應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。She said to me， “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.”f She told me that their bus would arrive in five minutes.2. 直接引語如果是一般疑問句、反意疑問句或選擇疑問句，間接引語

9、應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。She said，“Can you speak Chine，se John？”f She asked John whether/if he could speak Chinese.“You have finished the homework， haventyou？” my mother asked. f My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.3. 直接引語如果是特殊疑問句，間接引語應(yīng)改為由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導(dǎo)的 賓語從句。 She asked me，“When do they

10、 have their dinn？er”f She asked me when they had their dinner.4. 直接引語如果是祈使句，間接引語應(yīng)改為 “te（ll ask，order，beg，advise.） sb. （not） to do sth. 句”型?！癉ontmake any noise，” she said to the children.f She told （ordered） the children not to make any noise.若為 Let祈使句，間接引語則常用 suggest doing sth或 suggest that （should）

11、 do sth. 句型?！癓ets do it right now, ” he said.fHe suggested doing it right now.或 He suggested that we （should） do it right now.四、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語及方向性動(dòng)詞的變化 直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語，具有指代性的詞也需要變化，一些具體變化如下： 直接引語間接引語指示代詞 thisthat thesethose時(shí)間狀語 nowthentodaythat dayyesterdaythe day beforetomorrowthe next （following）dayton

12、ightthat nightthis week （month， etc.）that week （month， etc.）last week （month）the week （month） beforethree days （a year）agothree days （a year） beforenext week （month）the next （following ） week（month）地點(diǎn)狀語herethere方向性動(dòng)詞bringtakecomego鞏固提升、將下列句子變?yōu)殚g接引語1. Mr Wang said， “I will leave for Shanghai on busine

13、ss next mon，th children.Mr Wang told the children that he would leave for Shanghai on business the next month.三、單項(xiàng)選擇1. I dontknowor not.A. whether he is at homeB. if he is at homeC. that he is at homeD. whether is he at home2. This depends on the weather is fine.A. whichB. whetherC. ifD. that3. The

14、teacher asked the new student class he was in.A. whichB. whereC. ifD. that4. I dont knowMr Green will drive to see us. Hell help us with ourEnglish.A. whyB. whenC. howD. where5. Be careful！Dontbreak the bottles. Do you hearI sai？d David？Yes， Mum.C. whyD. ifA. whatB. that6. Do you knowMr Blacksaddres

15、s is？ He may live at No.18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. Im not sure of .A. where；whichB. where；what7. There is not much difference between the two. I really dont know.A. what should I chooseB. which I should chooseC. which should I chooseD. what I should choose8. Did you find out？A. she was looking f

16、or whose childB. whose child was she looking forC. whose child she is looking forD. whose child she was looking for9. Are you interested in？_A. how did he do itB. he did it howC. how he did itD. he how did it10. I dont know . Can you tell me？A. how the two players are oldB. how old are the two playe

17、rsC. the two players are how oldD. how old the two players are11. What did the scientist say？ He said he wondered if into space by spaceship one day.A. he will flyB. he could flyC. can he fly D. could he fly12. Excuse me， Sir. Could you tell me？A. where the bank nearest isB. where is the nearest bankC. where the nearest bank isD. the nearest bank is where13. She asked Tom with his car.A. what the matter wa